Korean bush mosquito

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Korean bush mosquito
Aedes koreicus 02.jpg

Korean bush mosquito ( Aedes koreicus )

Systematics
Family : Mosquitoes (Culicidae)
Subfamily : Culicinae
Tribe : Aedini
Genre : Aedes
Subgenus : Hulecoeteomyia
Type : Korean bush mosquito
Scientific name
Aedes koreicus
( Edwards , 1917)

The Korean bush mosquito ( Aedes [Hulecoeteomyia] koreicus , even Aedes [Finlaya] koreicus , originally Ochlerotatus koreicus ) is a first from Korea known, but also in Japan , Northeast China and neighboring Russia -based type of mosquitoes . As a carrier of pathogens such as the viruses of Japanese encephalitis , the Chikungunya virus as well as the heartworm and Brugia malayi , Aedes koreicus is important for humans. In 2008 the species was first detected in Europe. The species of the genus Aedes "are considered highly successful invasive species worldwide ."

Appearance and way of life

Adult Aedes koreicus are relatively large and have black and white patterns on the legs and other parts of the body, caused by white spots on a black background. They are very similar to the Asian bush mosquito ( Aedes japonicus ), as they - like them - also have several clearly recognizable longitudinal lines on the pronotum , which distinguishes them from the yellow fever mosquito ( Aedes aegypti ). The main distinguishing feature of the Asian bush mosquito is the presence of a full, bright Basalbande on the penultimate foot member (e4) of the hind legs at Aedes koreicus .

A peculiarity of the finds from Belgium and Italy was that these mosquitoes have an incomplete light basal band on the claw member (e5), which does not occur on the Korean mainland , but on the Korean island of Jeju-do . After it was first recorded in Italy in May 2011, a study describing the find noted that little information was known about the biology and behavior of the species; it feeds on the blood of people, farm animals and pets and is well adapted to life in an urban environment .

Similar Aedes japonicus wintered Aedes koreicus in the form of frost and drought-resistive eggs, from which in the spring - when the environmental conditions are favorable - emerges the next generation. In northern Italy, juvenile stages of the species were found in collecting tanks for rainwater and other water basins, for example in garden centers and cemeteries, up to an altitude of 1250 meters above sea level , whereby it was noted that the Asian tiger mosquito ( Aedes albopictus ), which is also already established in the region does not occur there at altitudes above 800 meters or only occurs sporadically.

Spread in Europe since 2008

In Europe, the Korean bush mosquito was first detected in 2008 in Belgium in the immediate vicinity of the industrial area of Maasmechelen . There were also found reports from Italy (2011), Slovenia (2013), Switzerland (2013), Hungary (2016) and then from various other European countries. In Russia, the mosquito was already widespread on the Black Sea in the Sochi region in 2012 .

The evidence in Belgium was the first find of its kind outside of its previously known range in Asia. A research report named the international trade in used tires as the most likely "access route" for mosquitoes. A Belgian-American research group reported in 2012 that between the summer of 2008 and October 2009, additional animals were caught within a four-kilometer radius of the first site. According to their assessment, a stable population had emerged there at the time , favored by the fact that the winter temperatures and the number of frost days and nights in Belgium in the years 2004 to 2008 used as a comparison were similar to the conditions in South Korea . In June 2018, the Belgian newspaper De Morgen reported that the Korean bush mosquito was established in Maasmechelen: “The population is small and does not cause nuisance” and is being monitored by researchers from the Instituut voor Tropical Genetics . On the website of the institute in March 2019 it was explained that the population of Aedes koreicus now occupies an area of ​​113 km².

In Italy, starting from the first location in the northern Italian province of Belluno , a population was able to establish and spread in the neighboring provinces of Trentino , Vicenza and Treviso by 2015 . In 2018, the first finds in Austria were made in the state of Tyrol , which borders Italy not far to the north .

In Germany, a single specimen was caught near Augsburg for the first time in 2015 and identified as part of the creation of the mosquito atlas . In September 2016, a single larva was found in a cemetery vase in Wiesbaden-Sonnenberg . In the following two years, an established population over an area of ​​around 50 km 2 was confirmed in Wiesbaden . The population does not seem to have any connection with the Belgian and Italian, as the morphological expression that is known from the Korean mainland was found in Wiesbaden.

Researchers at the Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung published a study in March 2019 from which they derived that the mosquitoes of the species overwinter in Germany, reproduce as "container breeders" in rain barrels, flower vases and bird baths and - like other species of the genus Aedes - as neozoa can establish and spread in Europe. The study detected four individuals in Wiesbaden-Bierstadt in 2017 and again in 2018 several specimens - including larvae and pupae - at the same location in Wiesbaden, a rain barrel on a private garden plot and mosquito traps with scented baits set up there. The mosquitoes in Wiesbaden were examined by the Senckenberg researchers, and no dangerous pathogens could be found.

literature

  • Silvia Ciocchetta: The Vector Potential of the Mosquito Aedes koreicus. Dissertation. Queensland University of Technology (Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences), Brisbane 2018, full text (PDF)
  • F. Schaffnera, JM Medlock and W. Van Bortel: Public health significance of invasive mosquitoes in Europe. In: Clinical Microbiology and Infection. Volume 19, No. 8, 2013, pp. 685-692, doi: 10.1111 / 1469-0691.12189

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ FW Edwards (1917): Notes on Culicidae, with descriptions of new species. Bulletin of Entomological Research 7 (3): 201-229, on pages 212-213. ( Full text link ( Memento from March 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive ))
  2. ^ F. Rosso et al .: Toward the definition of Aedes albopictus and Aedes koreicus pathobioma from an area of ​​recent invasion in northern Italy. Online publication, Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Fondazione Edmund Mach, oai: openpub.fmach.it: 10449/49478, abstract
  3. ↑ Han-Il Ree: Taxonomic Review and Revised Keys of the Korean Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). In: Entomological Research. Volume 33, No. 1, 2007, p. 3952. doi: 10.1111 / j.1748-5967.2003.tb00047.x
  4. ^ Gioia Capelli et al .: First report in italy of the exotic mosquito species Aedes (Finlaya) koreicus, a potential vector of arboviruses and filariae. In: Parasite & Vectors. Online publication. 2011; 4: 188, doi: 10.1186 / 1756-3305-4-188
  5. ↑ Fabrizio Montarsi et al .: Distribution and habitat characterization of the recently introduced invasive mosquito Aedes koreicus [Hulecoeteomyia koreica], a new potential vector and pest in north-eastern Italy. In: Parasites & Vectors. 2013, 6: 292, doi: 10.1186 / 1756-3305-6-292
  6. ↑ New exotic mosquito species settles in Hessen. On: uni-frankfurt.de of March 8, 2019
  7. ↑ Aedes koreicus - current known distribution. Distribution in Europe (as of January 2019), on ecdc.europa.eu
  8. ↑ Ludmila A. Ganushkina et al .: Detection of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes koreicus in the Area of ​​Sochi, Russia. In: Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. Volume 16, No. 1, 2016, doi: 10.1089 / vbz.2014.1761
  9. ^ Project Mosquito vectors of disease: spatial biodiversity, drivers of change, and risk , final report from 2012, pp. 89–91. On: belspo.be , accessed 7 March 2019
  10. ↑ Sporadic finds in the French region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes are also attributed to used tires imported from Asia; see Les espèces de moustiques importées en France. On: eid-rhonealpes.com , last accessed on March 10, 2019
  11. ↑ V. Versteirt et al .: Bionomics of the Established Exotic mosquito species Aedes koreicus in Belgium, Europe. In: Journal of Medical Entomology. Volume 49, No. 6, 2012, pp. 1226-1232, doi: /10.1603/ME11170
  12. ↑ Previously a year ago geen tijgermuggen spot in Belgium. ( Memento from June 28, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Published online from June 7, 2018
  13. ^ Memo Project - Exotic Mosquitoes in Belgium. On: itg.be , accessed March 7, 2019
  14. ↑ Fabrizio Montarsi et al .: Current distribution of the invasive mosquito species, Aedes koreicus [Hulecoeteomyia koreica] in northern Italy. In: Parasites & Vectors. 2015, 8: 614, doi: 10.1186 / s13071-015-1208-4
  15. ↑ Hans-Peter Fuehrer et al .: Monitoring of alien mosquitoes in Western Austria (Tyrol, Austria, 2018). In: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. Volume 14, No. 6, 2020, e0008433, doi: doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008433 .
    Dangerous new mosquitoes are making their home in Tyrol. On: idw-online.de from June 29, 2020.
  16. ^ Doreen Werner, Dorothee E. Zielke and Helge Kampen: First record of Aedes koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany. In: Parasitology Research. Volume 115, No. 3, 2016, pp. 1331–1334, doi: 10.1007 / s00436-015-4848-6
    Doreen Walther and Helge Kampen: The Mosquito Atlas: Mosquito Monitoring with Citizen Participation. Important results 2012-2015. P. 25. On: hlnug.de , last viewed on March 11, 2019
  17. ↑ Wolf Peter Pfitzner, Alice Lehner, Daniel Hoffmann, Christina Czajka, Norbert Becker: First record and morphological characterization of an established population of Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Germany . In: Parasites & Vectors . tape 11 , no. December 1 , 2018, ISSN  1756-3305 , doi : 10.1186 / s13071-018-3199-4 , PMID 30558660 , PMC 6296035 (free full text) - ( biomedcentral.com [accessed April 28, 2019]).
  18. ↑ Antje Steinbrink, Sina Zotzmann, Sarah Cunze and Sven Klimpel: Aedes koreicus - a new member of the genus Aedes establishing in Germany? In: Parasitology Research. Volume 118, No. 3, 2019, pp. 1073-1076, doi: 10.1007 / s00436-019-06232-x
  19. ↑ Exotic mosquitoes buzz in Wiesbaden. On: wiesbadener-kurier.de from March 8, 2019
  20. ^ Marie-Luise Raupach: All-clear for Wiesbaden: Korean bush mosquito examined. In: Wiesbaden Courier . September 26, 2019, accessed September 26, 2019 .