Shopkeeper (forest)

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The shopkeeper in Glien

The Krämer is a closed forest area that covers the south-western part of the small country Glien . Most of it is located in the Oberhavel district and a small part in the Havelland district in the state of Brandenburg . The forest is dominated by pine and mixed deciduous forests . The Krämer is a central part of the Krämer Forst regional park .

Surname

The name Krämer , originally Cremm (en) er Forst , is derived from the agricultural town of Kremmen . Older theories that it was named after the merchants ( shopkeepers ) who used to drive through the shopkeeper on the Alte Hamburger Poststrasse or the former landowner Kremer from Eichstädt have not been confirmed.

geography

The Krämer stretches as a wide strip of about 15 km in length from southeast to northwest along southwestern Glien. The area on the ground moraine of the Vistula Ice Age rises about twenty to thirty meters above the surrounding lynx and is covered by inland dunes made of valley sand. The area consists of sandy soil, is largely level and is crossed by some wooded inland dunes. Here you can also find the highest point of the Krämer and the Gliens at 73  m above sea level. NN .

Around the Krämer (but still on the little country Glien) there is a ring of villages.

Up until the 20th century, a part of the forest belonged to every manor in the neighboring villages . According to the district boundary that runs through the Krämer today , the Havelland part is subordinate to the Finkenkrug chief forester , the part belonging to the Oberhavel district to the Borgsdorf chief forester . 500 hectares belong to Berlin .

history

Prussian post milestone in the Krämer forest
Classroom in the woods

It can be assumed that the Glien was originally completely forested. The shopkeeper therefore represents a residual area that was not cleared because of the poor soil . The dry connection via the Krämer through the wetlands of the area meant that important traffic routes went through the Krämer early on.

From 1384, the path that led pilgrims to the pilgrimage Wilsnack by the ganglia. Whether this path already led through the shopkeeper or along its edge is a matter of dispute. Possibly, if he crossed the shopkeeper lengthways, he was the forerunner of the Hamburger Poststrasse (Berlin- Hamburg ). Coming from Spandau, this ran from Schönwalde and Bötzow in the south-east to Flatow in the north-west through the Krämer and served as a route for the Brandenburg-Prussian State Post from its foundation in 1649 . 100 years later, a post office was set up with the Ziegenkrug in the southern part of the Krämer . Poststrasse was the most important route to Hamburg for almost two hundred years. Between 1800 and 1805, the Post gave him milestones . In 1832 the sandy Poststrasse was replaced by a new paved road via Nauen (today's Bundesstrasse 5 ) and with the construction of the Berlin-Hamburg railway in 1846 it finally lost its importance. In 1893, the last supra-regional use was discontinued with the Kremmener Post.

In the 18th and early 19th centuries, settlement increased on the edge of the Krämer, as the wetlands around Glien and Krämer were reclaimed at the behest of Friedrich Wilhelm I and new settlers were attracted. The settlement renaissance broke off with the loss of importance of Poststrasse. The shopkeeper stood apart from the developments in the landscape. Only in Velten and Hennigsdorf did a notable industry develop. A process that was intensified from 1945 onwards, as the division of Germany separated the shopkeeper and his settlements from Berlin and thus placed him even more in an economic periphery. There was an enormous population loss in the region.

What is certain is that the shopkeeper has been used extensively since the Middle Ages due to the surrounding ring of villages . Large areas were cleared because of the fuel needs of charcoal burners and brickworks . The forest pasture was widespread, which is why the tree population was so old that it was no longer possible to continue to exist without human help. This point was reached at the beginning of the 19th century, and so the first planned afforestation began at this time .

The Berlin motorway ring (A 10) has been running through the Krämer since 1979 .

In 1980 Berlin bought part of the forest to have practice areas for the riot police and combat groups . 120 hectares were for a shooting cut down. The forest has been a restricted area since 1986/1987. But reforestation began in 1987. Civil protests in 1990 led to a return in stages of the forest. The last returned area around the headquarters is used today for training and excursion purposes.

Buildings and settlements

There are fourteen streets around the Krämer - village villages that have largely retained their historical shape.

Along the Alte Hamburger Poststraße there were two relaxation stations that also served as inns, overnight accommodations and news exchanges. The Schwanenkrug station, closer to Berlin, on the edge of the Krämer in Schönwalde , a building from the 18th century, still exists today. The other station Ziegenkrug no longer exists and is only recognizable as a clearing in the forest.

Nature and environmental protection

A 24 in the northwest of the Krämers near Flatow

Since the beginning of the afforestation, the common pine has formed monocultures in most of the forest area . Little by little , attempts are being made to increase the proportion of oak in particular in order to regain the original mixed forest character . The late blooming bird cherry that was introduced has become naturalized across the board.

The hoofed game species fallow , wild boar and roe deer live in the Krämer . There are also foxes , badgers and the introduced raccoon dog . The natural exchange between populations has greatly decreased since the highway was built . The shopkeeper has been rabies-free since 2003 .

The entire area of ​​the Krämer is part of the Nauen-Brieselang-Krämer landscape protection area .

tourism

The Krämer is easy to reach from the surrounding villages, which makes it a popular destination for excursions; often the distance is only a few hundred meters.

Others

Derived from the Krämer - and its core area - is the regional park Krämer Forst and the name of the municipality Oberkrämer .

literature

  • Regional parks in Brandenburg and Berlin . (PDF) Ministry of Agriculture, Environmental Protection and Regional Planning of the State of Brandenburg / Senate Department for Urban Development of the State of Berlin, Potsdam 2001, pp. 16–23

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c regional parks in Brandenburg and Berlin . ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) Ministry of Agriculture, Environmental Protection and Regional Planning of the State of Brandenburg / Senate Department for Urban Development of the State of Berlin, Potsdam 2001, p. 16
  2. ↑ a b Old Hamburg Post Road . In: Bötzower Geschichte (-n) , accessed February 26, 2019
  3. ↑ a b c d regional parks in Brandenburg and Berlin . ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) Ministry of Agriculture, Environmental Protection and Regional Planning of the State of Brandenburg / Senate Department for Urban Development of the State of Berlin, Potsdam 2001, p. 17
  4. ↑ Werner Bader: Climb up, you red eagle. World hits from Märkisches Sand. Westkreuz-Verlag, Bad Münstereifel 1988, ISBN 3-922131-64-6 , p. 55 .
  5. ^ Regional parks in Brandenburg and Berlin . ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF) Ministry of Agriculture, Environmental Protection and Regional Planning of the State of Brandenburg / Senate Department for Urban Development of the State of Berlin, Potsdam 2001, p. 18

Coordinates: 52 ° 40 ′ 0 ″  N , 13 ° 3 ′ 0 ″  E