Cuba hurricane (1924)
| Category 5 hurricane ( SSHWS ) | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
||
| Emergence | October 14th | |
| resolution | 23rd October | |
|
Peak wind speed |
|
|
| Lowest air pressure | 910 mbar ( hPa ; 26.9 inHg ) | |
| dead | about 90 | |
| Property damage | Unknown | |
|
Affected areas |
Cuba , Florida , Bahamas | |
| Season overview: Atlantic hurricane season 1924 |
||
The Cuba-Hurricane of 1924 or Hurricane Ten is the earliest officially by the National Hurricane Center in the category five of the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale classified tropical cyclone in the Atlantic basin. It formed in the western Caribbean on October 14, 1924, and developed slowly as it migrated northwest. On October 16, it reached hurricane strength east of the Yucatán Peninsula and made a small counterclockwise loop . On October 18, the hurricane intensified rapidly and the next day it reached its greatest intensity with winds of 270 km / h . Shortly afterwards it hit the west of Cuba in this strength and became the strongest hurricane to hit the island directly. Later, the hurricane hit the sparsely populated southwest of Florida, already largely weakened, with wind speeds of 150 km / h . When crossing the state, the hurricane weakened to a tropical storm. Above water again, the storm accelerated in an east-northeast direction and was absorbed by a cold front south of Bermuda on October 23 .
Over the western Caribbean Sea, the developing storm generated heavy rainfall and strong winds. The hurricane caused severe damage in western Cuba and two smaller cities were almost completely destroyed. Around 90 people were killed in the province of Pinar del Río . In the south of Florida, too, the rains were very heavy, causing flooding and crop failures. However, there was no loss of life in Florida.
Storm course
The tropical depression, which became the tenth hurricane of the year, was first observed over the western Caribbean on October 14th. At the time it was just off the east coast of Honduras . It was an extensive and initially weak low pressure area that slowly moved to the northwest and steadily intensified. It is estimated that it reached the strength of a tropical storm on October 15. The intensification of the system became steadier and the next day the storm reached hurricane strength about 215 km southeast of Cozumel , Quintana Roo . Around this point, the hurricane off the Yucatán Peninsula began executing a small counterclockwise loop. On October 18, the hurricane had completed the loop. In the meantime, its wind speed had increased to 185 km / h - this corresponds to the strength of a severe hurricane today (category 3 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale). This intensity was later calculated based on measurements of the air pressure at the edge of the system and the persistent winds from ships and weather stations on land. On late October 18, as the hurricane moved north-northwest towards Cuba, the air pressure in the center of the hurricane dropped rapidly, as a wind measurement of 193 km / h by a ship shows. Originally it was assumed that this phase represented the height of the hurricane; however, the later review showed a further intensification due to very low air pressure measurements in the region. A ship within the radius of the greatest winds reported an air pressure of 922 mbar ; the barometer on the ship proved to be inaccurate when checked and indicated values that were five millibars too high. A weather station on land registered an air pressure of 932 mbar. On the basis of these measurements, when re-evaluating the existing data, the Hurricane Research Division estimated the point of peak intensity of the hurricane with a central air pressure of 910 mbar very close to the west coast of Cuba; this air pressure indicates wind speeds of 270 km / h. Late on October 19, the hurricane made landfall in western Cuba in the province of Pinar del Río. Jose C. Millas, the director of the National Weather Observatory in Havana, assessed "this hurricane as one of the worst that has been experienced in our latitudes" .
After the hurricane reached Cuba across the waters of the Gulf of Mexico , it lost considerable force. On October 20th it passed just west of Key West and very early on October 21st it passed Marco Island with winds of 150 km / h . The storm swung eastward and continued to weaken overland. As it passed close to Miami , it reached the strength of a tropical storm. Its speed increased over water in an east-northeast direction. He wandered across the Abaco Islands of the Bahamas . Under the influence of an approaching cold front, the storm continued to lose strength and became extra-tropical on October 23 , before being absorbed by the cold front shortly afterwards.
Impact and weather records
As the storm developed, it created strong winds and low air pressure on the Islas del Cisne off the coast of Honduras. Heavy rain also fell in Jamaica , where roads were flooded and several landslides occurred, although the damage remained minor. The storm did not disrupt the infrastructure. The storm streaked east of British Honduras . There 21.9 mm of precipitation and a light breeze were measured.
In the far west of the island of Cuba, the damage from the strong wind was very severe, probably also from the effects of tornadoes that the hurricane brought with it. Serious damage occurred in Los Arroyos and Arroyos de Mantua, where about a dozen residents were killed and fifty injured. Almost every house in the village was badly damaged and the tobacco harvest suffered heavy losses . In the west of the province, the hurricane cut all communications. Even in the capital Havana , although it was a good distance from the storm center, wind speeds of 116 km / h and a minimum air pressure of 999 mbar were measured. Around the island, the storm brought several ships to run aground, mainly fishing boats. The number of victims in Cuba was estimated at around 90. In the days following the passage of the hurricane, Cuban President Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso ordered aid amounting to around 30,000 US dollars (1924; inflation-adjusted 448,000) for the victims of the Pinar del Río province.
| rank | hurricane | season | Min. Air pressure hPa ( mbar ) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wilma | 2005 | 882 |
| 2 | Gilbert | 1988 | 888 |
| 3 | " Labor Day " | 1935 | 892 |
| 4th | Rita | 2005 | 895 |
| 5 | Everyone | 1980 | 899 |
| 6th | Camille | 1969 | 900 |
| 7th | Katrina | 2005 | 902 |
| 8th | Mitch | 1998 | 905 |
| dean | 2007 | 905 | |
| 10 | Maria | 2017 | 908 |
| Source: HURDAT | |||
A few days before the hurricane hit Florida, the foothills of the circulation generated precipitation. On the east coast and on the west coast northwards to Cedar Key and Titusville, respectively , storm warnings were first issued and then warnings of a hurricane. Schools in the Tampa area were closed when it was expected to reach the mainland imminently. When the hurricane passed west of Key West, sustained wind speeds of 107 km / h were measured there, with gusts of 120 km / h. The damage in this region was minor and limited to fallen trees; This was thanks to the timely warning from the US Weather Bureau , which warned ships before leaving ports and urged residents to secure their property. When the hurricane later moved across Florida, it happened in a sparsely populated area. Property damage was reported in Fort Myers and Punta Gorda and communications were temporarily disrupted, but there were no deaths from the hurricane in the United States. Heavy rainfall was measured along the hurricane's trajectory; At one point, around 590 mm of rain fell within 24 hours, which was a new record for the state at the time. A weather station in Miami reported 309 mm of rain and the wind gusts reached hurricane strength . The combination of rain and wind damaged around five percent of the citrus and avocado harvest. The rainfall resulted in flooding of streets, homes and commercial premises in the Miami area. Hundreds of phone lines were cut. No effects were reported in the Bahamas. The Hurricane Research Division noted at a reanalysis of the registered from 1921 to 1925 hurricane that this hurricane wind speeds reached h from 270 km / what one of him after the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale Atlantic Category 5 hurricanes making. The hurricane is the first known to have reached this intensity. This hurricane is also the only one since reliable weather records began to hit Cuba as a Category 5 hurricane. It is assumed that the hurricane of 1846 also reached the island in category 5, but since this event occurs before the start of the data series in the Atlantic hurricane database, this assumption is unofficial. The measurement of the air pressure of 922 mbar by the steamship “Toledo” was the lowest value recorded until then. It fell below the previous record of 927 mbar from the Florida Keys hurricane of 1919 . Only during the Cuba hurricane in the 1932 season was an even lower value reported at 915 mbar. The measurement of 932 mbar in Los Arroyos in Mantua in the province of Pinar del Río remains the lowest air pressure measured over land in Cuba to this day (2009).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Steve fire, Ramon Perez Suarez, Ricardo Prieto, and Jorge Sanchez-Sesma: Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT: Hurricane # 10 in 1924 ( English ) Hurricane Research Division. March 2009. Retrieved April 21, 2009.
- ↑ a b c d e Charles L. Mitchell: Notes on the West Indian Hurricane of October 14-23, 1924 ( English , PDF; 6.3 MB) US Weather Bureau. October 1924. Retrieved March 21, 2009.
- ↑ Storm Danger Passed; Heavy Rains in Iceland: Conditions in the City ( English ) In: The Daily Gleaner . October 17, 1924. Retrieved on April 21, 2009. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Hurricane Research Division: Raw Observations for Hurricane # 10, 1924 ( English , XLS; 128 kB) March 2009. Accessed April 21, 2009.
- ↑ a b Alejandro Bezanilla: Minimum chronology of big nature disasters occurred on Cuba in the XX century ( English ) In: SOMETCUBA Bulletin . Cuban Meteorological Society. January 2000. Retrieved April 21, 2009.
- ↑ Cuba Sends $ 30,000 in Hurricane Aid ( English ) San Antonio Light. October 24, 1924. Archived from the original on December 7, 2015. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
- ^ National Hurricane Center: Atlantic hurricane best track (Hurdat) ( English ) Hurricane Research Division. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations Office of Oceanic & Atmospheric Research. April 2018. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
- ^ Tropical Storm Now a Hurricane; Shifts to North ( English ) In: Associated Press . October 19, 1924. Archived from the original on November 30, 2015. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 21, 2009.
- ↑ Warnings Issued for the Benefit of Marine Circles ( English ) In: Associated Press . October 20, 1924. Archived from the original on January 27, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 21, 2009.
- ↑ Tampa Prepares for Hurricane; Schools Closed ( English ) In: International News Service . October 20, 1924. Retrieved on April 21, 2009. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Gulf Hurricane Strikes Florida ( English ) In: United Press . October 24, 1924. Retrieved on April 21, 2009. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Miami Hit By Flood Waters and Loss Big ( English ) The Lincoln Sunday Star. October 19, 1924. Archived from the original on December 6, 2015. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 21, 2009.
- ↑ Alejandro Bezanilla: Meteorological Records in Cuba ( English ) In: SOMETCUBA Bulletin . Cuban Meteorological Society. August 2001. Retrieved April 21, 2009.
- ↑ José Fernández Partagás: Impact on Hurricane History of a Revised Lowest Pressure at Havana (Cuba) During the October 11, 1846 Hurricane ( English , PDF; 283 kB) 1993. Accessed March 23, 2009.
- ↑ Alejandro Bezanilla: Meteorological Records in Cuba (2) ( English ) In: SOMETCUBA Bulletin . Cuban Meteorological Society. January 2000. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
