Kuban Cossack Army
The Kuban Cossack Army ( Russian Куба́нское каза́чье во́йско ) was founded in 1860 and dissolved in 1920. It was the only formation of Ukrainian Cossacks and was one of the official eleven Cossack armies in the Imperial Russian Army .
history
The Cossacks lived in the Kuban area long before the Kuban Cossack army was founded . Most of them settled on the right bank of the Kuban , a river to the Azov Sea in the Caucasus . Sometimes Cossacks from other areas also established their settlements in Kuban. In 1860 the Kuban Cossack Army was formed from the stocks of the Black Sea Cossack Army , the Zaporozhian Cossack Army and units of the Western Frontier Army of the Russian Army. After the suppression of the uprising of the Cossack ataman Stepan Razin (1630–1671), many Cossacks who were able to escape came to the area and settled on the Kuban. Later Nekrasov Cossacks moved to the Kuban with their families, about 8,000 in total. After the Zaporizhia were dissolved, most of their Cossacks settled under the name "Cossacks of the Black Sea" (1792) in the Kuban area. 1794 some were in Kuban stanitsas of Don Cossacks founded. The resettlement of the Cossacks from the river basins of the Dnieper and Don and other areas continued in the 19th century.
Administrative structure
Since the founding of the Kuban Cossack army in 1860, around 400,000 Cossacks lived on the Kuban, the population, including the Cossacks, grew to a total of 1,392,000 by 1912. The Black Sea Cossacks had gained a clear autonomy very early and were dominant, while the Zaporozhian Cossacks in the early 19th century lived increasingly restricted. Structurally, they were based on the other Russian Cossack armies. With a few exceptions, the senior officers were not Cossacks; military and civil command had been transferred to a Russian general who also acted as the ataman of the Kuban Cossacks and represented the provincial government of the Kuban region. In the Cossack settlements, the stanizas and garrisons , officers were elected to be local or regional atamans, who then appointed their staff and judges . The Kuban Cossacks had their own finances and levied taxes that were used for education , health care, and public work; In 1912 the capital of the Cossacks had grown to 16.5 million rubles . Every Cossack, over 16 years of age, was guaranteed a piece of land of his own; a tenth of the land remained in reserve for later distribution. The land was redistributed at regular intervals as needed. Due to the constant relocation of military personnel, the Cossacks could not manage their farms themselves, so that they were neglected. The senior officers then bought the land on favorable terms, rented it to the farmers and had the land tilled by wage farmers. The agriculture and the cultivation of winter wheat , rice , barley , oats and flax were primarily for the nutrition of the population. Horse breeding began in the late 19th century .
Military organization
The basic training of the recruits was completed in the local Cossack settlements and lasted 3 years, followed by a four-year active term in the regiments , a four-year period in a reserve unit with annual summer exercises , followed by a further four-year assignment in a reserve unit with a large-scale exercise and finally they were available in a mobilization unit for another five years . Thus, a standing Cossack army of 22 resulted in 1860 cavalry -Regimentern, 3 cavalry escadrons , 13 patrol units and 5 artillery - batteries . In addition, sub-units of the Kuban army in were Warsaw and other places of the Russian Empire deployed . In 1914 the Cossack army was divided into 37 cavalry regiments, 22 reconnaissance battalions , 6 artillery batteries and 47 different units of the order of hundreds . The total number of personnel was about 90,000 men in active military service .
Dissolution and resistance
After the October Revolution of 1917, most of the Cossacks joined the volunteer army under General Anton Ivanovich Denikin (1872-1947), whose plans to restore an undivided tsarist Russia failed. In 1920 the Kuban Cossack army was disbanded by the Bolsheviks , and many Kuban Cossacks were expelled or emigrated to Western Europe and North America .
Kuban Cossacks in the German Wehrmacht
In the 1st Cossack Division , which was set up on August 4, 1943 during the 2nd World War , Donkasaken, Kubankosaken and Terekkosaken served. The Kuban Cossacks were combined in the Kuban Cossack Regiment 4 of the 1st Cossack Horseman Brigade and the Kuban Cossack Horseman Regiment 3 of the II Cossack Horseman Brigade. After the Wehrmacht surrendered in 1945, she went to Austria as a British prisoner of war , but was extradited to the Soviets by the British in the so-called Lienz Cossack Tragedy . After that, they were subjected to great persecution, banishment and ostracism.
Revival of the Cossacks
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In 1991, under the leadership of Ataman Vladimir Gromov , the "All-Cuban Cossack Army" received not only technical support from North America. Financial support and special rights of monetary value were also brought about by the “Law on the Rehabilitation of the Oppressed Peoples of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of April 1991” and the Decree “On Measures for Realizing the Law of the Russian Federation - On the Rehabilitation of the Oppressed Peoples, with regard to the Cossacks of Jini 1992 ” , and finally the presidential ukase “ On the Reform of the Military Structures of Border and Domestic Forces in the Territory of the North Caucasian Region of the Russian Federation and on State Support for Cossacks in 1993 ” led to the fact that Kuban Cossacks were regular Forces were integrated into the Russian armed forces . The paramilitary organized Kuban Army then carried out semi-official operations in the Northwest Caucasus and was also deployed as a security force during the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi .
Kuban Cossack Choir
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The Cossack Choir from the Kuban performs all over the world, it is a venerable professional collective from Russia . "The Kuban State Academic Cossack Choir has its roots in the Kuban Cossack Choir Choir and will celebrate the 200th anniversary of its founding in 2011". The choir consists of 150 female and male artists and is divided into song and dance , choir, dance and children's song with dance.
See also
Web links
- Kuban Cossack host. In: Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- Kuban Cossacks. On: cossackweb
- The Kuban Cossack Choir
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dittmar Schorkowitz: Post-communism and decreed nationalism: memory, violence and history politics in the northern Black Sea region (= societies and states in epoch change, volume 15). Verlag Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-631-57610-6 ( reading sample , accessed April 9, 2018).
- ↑ Cossacks ensure security at the Olympic Games in Sochi. On Russia News, January 9, 2014, accessed April 9, 2018.
- ↑ State Academic Cossack Choir from the Kuban [1] , accessed April 9, 2013