Kurt Kramer (doctor)

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Kurt Ludwig Heinrich Kramer (born June 16, 1906 in Münster , † March 23, 1985 in Munich ) was a German physiologist and university professor .

Life

Medical studies and career entry

After graduating from high school in Osnabrück, Kramer studied medicine at the universities of Freiburg , Zurich and Berlin from 1925 to 1930 . In 1930 he was promoted to Dr. med. PhD . He then worked as an assistant doctor at the children's clinic in Dresden and the physiological department at the Jena University Clinic. He continued his internship at the Physiological Institute of the University of Göttingen with Hermann Rein in 1933 , switched to the Balneological Institute headed by Klotilde Gollwitzer-Meier in the University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf in Bad Oeynhausen and from there in 1935 to the University of Cambridge to the physiologist Joseph Barcroft . From 1936 he worked at the Physiological Institute of Heidelberg University, headed by Johann Daniel Achelis , where he qualified as a professor in physiology in 1937 and then worked there as a private lecturer .

At the time of National Socialism , he joined the SS in 1934 . Since 1937 he was married to Ursula, nee Schultz.

Second World War

From 1940, Kramer worked as a scheduled associate professor for physiology at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin, where he was department head under the director of the Physiological Institute Wilhelm Trendelenburg . After the beginning of the Second World War , he was also employed at the Aviation Medical Research Institute of the Reich Aviation Ministry , headed by Hubertus Strughold , and at the Institute for General and Military Physiology of the Military Medical Academy .

From 1944 at the latest, he and his colleague Hans Reichel carried out cold death and rewarming tests on dogs at the Mountain Physiological Institute of the Heeresgebirgssanitätsschule St. Johann in Tirol , which were published in the Clinical Weekly in June 1944. Since 1944 he was a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the General Commissioner for Sanitary and Health Care Karl Brandt .

In 1944, Kramer also accepted an appointment at the University of Leipzig , where he worked as a full professor of physiology until 1945 and headed the Physiological Institute as director. Due to the war, lectures were severely restricted. At the end of the war he stayed in southern Germany as part of his research in aviation medicine and did not return to his chair in Leipzig.

After 1945

After the end of the war he was an American prisoner of war for a year and a half. In the course of the Nuremberg doctors' trial , he issued an affidavit to relieve the defendant Hermann Becker-Freyseng . He then worked at the Randolph Field Research Center in Texas . In 1950, Kramer accepted a professorship for physiology at the University of Marburg , moved to the University of Göttingen as Rein's successor in 1955 and to the University of Munich in 1965 , where he retired in 1975 . Kramer, who was studying Mozart , gave his last lecture on "Controversial Questions in Mozart's Biography".

Kramer researched the entire spectrum of physiology: His main focus was on researching “the correlation between oxygen consumption and lactate formation in muscle function, the mechanics of the heart in situ, the function of the cardiac nerves, oxydometric measuring principles for determining cardiac output, and oxygen consumption and tubular function the kidney. He carried out the first quantitative determinations of the renal medulla blood flow, dealt with the autoregulation of the kidney circulation and the regulation of the body sodium as well as with bloodless oximetry. "

Memberships

Fonts (selection)

  • The surface potentials of the gastric mucosa of the warm-blooded animal under different conduction conditions (medical dissertation at the University of Freiburg im Breisgau 1930)
  • About the oxidation-increasing effect of adrenaline (habilitation thesis at the University of Heidelberg 1937)
  • Oximetry. Theory and clinical application , Thieme, Stuttgart 1959. (Ed.)
  • Application of densitometric, thermal and radiological methods in the clinic . 2nd Oximetry Symposium on May 10th - 12th, 1968, Stuttgart 1969. (Ed.)
  • Kidney and water balance , Urban and Schwarzenberg, Munich, Berlin, Vienna 1976 (together with Peter Deetjen and John W. Boylan)
  • Vegetative Physiology , 2 vol., Urban and Schwarzenberg, Munich a. a. 1980. (Ed.)
  • Nutrition, digestion, intermediate metabolism , Urban and Schwarzenberg, Munich a. a. 1972 (together with Götz F. Domagk and Josef Eisenburg)

literature

  • Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich . Who was what before and after 1945 . 2nd Edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 , pp. 479 .
  • Karl Arndt, Gerhard Gottschalk, Rudolf Smend, Ruth Slenczka (eds.): Göttingen scholars - The Academy of Sciences in Göttingen in portraits and appreciations 1751-2001. Vol. 1, Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-89244-485-4 .
  • Rudolf Vierhaus (Ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia . Volume 6: Kraatz - Menges. 2nd revised and expanded edition. Saur, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-598-25036-3 , p. 508
  • Index volume for the microfiche edition: With an introduction by Angelika Ebbinghaus to the history of the process and short biographies of those involved in the process . S. 114. Karsten Linne (Ed.): The Nürnberger Ärzteprozess 1946/47. Verbal transcripts, prosecution and defense material, sources on the environment. Published by Klaus Dörner , German edition, microfiche edition, Munich 1999 on behalf of the Hamburg Foundation for Social History of the 20th Century

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Reiner Thomssen: Kurt Kramer . In: Karl Arndt, Gerhard Gottschalk, Rudolf Smend, Ruth Slenczka (eds.): Göttinger Gelehre - The Academy of Sciences in Göttingen in Portraits and Appreciations 1751-2001 , Volume 1, Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2001, p. 592
  2. ↑ a b Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich , Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 334
  3. ↑ a b Volume of the microfiche edition: With an introduction by Angelika Ebbinghaus to the history of the process and short biographies of those involved in the process . S. 114. Karsten Linne (Ed.): The Nürnberger Ärzteprozess 1946/47. Verbal transcripts, prosecution and defense material, sources on the environment. Published by Klaus Dörner , German edition, microfiche edition, Munich 1999 on behalf of the Hamburg Foundation for Social History of the 20th Century
  4. ↑ Peter Schwartze: History of the Institute for Pathological Physiology at the University of Leipzig. The development of a science concept and its implementation 1956 to 1992 , Frank and Timme, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-7329-0167-8 , p. 239
  5. ↑ a b Rudolf Vierhaus (Ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia Volume 6: Kraatz - Menges. , Munich 2006, p. 16
  6. ↑ http://www.saw-leipzig.de/de/lösungen/kramerk
  7. ↑ http://www.leopoldina.org/de/lösungen/lösungen/member/4735/
personal data
SURNAME Kramer, Kurt
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kramer, Kurt Ludwig Heinrich (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physiologist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH June 16, 1906
PLACE OF BIRTH Muenster
DATE OF DEATH March 23, 1985
Place of death Munich