Långban
| Långban | ||||||
|
||||||
| State : | Sweden | |||||
| Province (län): | Värmland County | |||||
| Historical Province (landskap): | Varmland | |||||
| Municipality : | Filipstad | |||||
| Coordinates : | 59 ° 51 ' N , 14 ° 16' E | |||||
| SCB code : | S5781 | |||||
| Status: | Småort | |||||
| Residents : | 56 (December 31, 2015) | |||||
| Area : | 0.41 km² | |||||
| Population density : | 137 inhabitants / km² | |||||
Långban is a former mining community and a small town ( småort ) in the municipality of Filipstad in the province of Värmlands län in Sweden .
The place is about 20 kilometers northeast of Filipstad between the lakes Långban (east) and Hyttsjön (west). The Riksväg 26 and the Inlandsbahn cross the town.
The famous engineer and inventor John Ericsson and his brother, the engineer Nils Ericson, were born in the administrative building (Disponentgården), which still exists today . Today the mine buildings still preserved are a museum.
Mine history
The mining probably began as early as the Middle Ages , but only in 1711 the reduction was seriously going. As early as the middle of the 16th century, the Långbanshyttan ironworks was built in Långban, which was initially only used for ore from Persberg . The hut was closed in 1933, renovated between 1980 and 1983 with government support and is now a monument.
Initially, iron ore was mined in Långban, and manganese ore and dolomite began to be mined in the second half of the 19th century . From the mid-1950s until the pit was closed in 1972, only dolomite was extracted.
Processing plant and new shaft of the ore mine
Map of the mine site
Blast furnace
Birthplace of John Ericsson with memorial stone
geology
Långban is located in the so-called Bergslagen , the central Swedish mining area. The rocks that come to light here , metamorphic limestone ( marble ) with embedded and always separated iron and manganese ores, skarns , metamorphic volcanics , granites and diorites , were found up to 1.9 billion years ago, but mostly from 1.86 to 1 Formed 8 billion years ago during the Svekofennian orogeny in the Paleoproterozoic .
The formation of deposits began 1.9 billion years ago with a chain of volcanic islands and the deposition of dioritic to rhyolite pyroclastites there . Hydrothermal solutions dissolved metals contained in them, especially iron and manganese , but also tungsten , barium , lead , arsenic , antimony , copper and others. When these solutions leak into the sea and mix with sea water, the pH and eH values of the solution changed. This led to successive, spatially almost completely separate precipitation of iron oxides on the one hand ( hematite , quartz , magnetite ) and manganese oxides on the other ( hausmannite , calcite , tephroit or braunite , celsian , phlogopite ), embedded in marine limestone. All ore enrichments in Långban are due to these volcanic exhalative processes . In the course that led intrusion of dioritic to granitiachen magmas to greenschist - to amphibolithfazieller metamorphosis of volcanic rocks and marine sediments. This formed the skarns that surround the Fe and Mn ore bodies.
During a late tectonic event about a billion years ago, the rocks were criss-crossed by fine fractures and crevices into which low-temperature, salty solutions penetrated. At temperatures from 180 ° C to below 70 ° C and at low pressure, a large number of Ba, Pb, Cu-, Mn, As and Sb-containing minerals separated out from these solutions, which represent the extraordinary mineral wealth of Establish Långban. The sources of the metals are the Fe- and Mn-rich ore bodies and the mineral-rich veins are restricted to their immediate vicinity.
With a total of around 300 documented finds (as of 2018) of various minerals and their varieties, the Långban pits are one of the most versatile sites on earth. Långban is type locality for 73 minerals (as of 2018) and thus the place with the second most type locality finds worldwide. This includes the island silicate Långbanit, named after the place by the Swedish mineralogist Gustaf Flink in 1877 . Only the fumaroles of the Tolbatschik currently (April 2018) with 101 initial descriptions have more type locality finds.
More type locality minerals are adelite , Akrochordit , Aminoffit , Arakiit , Armangit , Arsenoklasit , Barylit , Bergslagit , Berzeliit , Blixit , Britvinite , Bromellite , Caryinit , Dixenit , Ekdemit , Ericssonite (Ericssonite 2mm Ericssonite-2O), Eveit , Filipstadit , Finnemanit , Fredrikssonit , Freedit , Gabrielsonit , Ganomalit , Gatedalit , Gonyerit , Hedyphan , Heliophyllit , Hiärneit , Hjalmarit , Hyalotekit , Hydrocerussit , Hyttsjöit , Ingersonit , Jagoit , Joesmithit , Julgoldit (Julgoldit- (Fe2 +) , Julgoldit- (Fe3 +) , Julgoldit- (Mg )) , Kentrolith , Långbanshyttanit , magnetoplumbite , Magnussonit , Manganarsit , Manganberzeliit , Manganohörnesit , Melanotekit , Molybdophyllit , Orthopinakiolith , Parwelit , Paulmooreit , Perit , Philolithit , Pinakiolit , pyroaurite (pyroaurite-2H, pyroaurite-3R) Pyrobelonit , Quenselit , richterite , Rouseit , Sahlinit , Stenhuggarit , Sundiusit , Sverigeit , Swedenborgit , Takéuchiit , Tilasit , Trigonit , Turneaureit , Welinit , Welshit , Werm landit , Wickmanit , Wiklundit and Zenzénit .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Statistiska centralbyrån : Småorter 2015, byggnader, areal, överlapp tatorter, coordinater (Excel file)
- ^ A b Gustav Funk: LÅNGBAN AND ITS MINERALS . In: The American Mineralogist . tape 11 , 1926, pp. 195–199 ( minsocam.org [accessed April 21, 2018]).
- ^ A b D. Holtstam, J. Mansfeld: Origin of a carbonate-hosted Fe-Mn- (Ba-As-Pb-Sb-W) deposit of Långban-type in central Sweden . In: Mineralium Deposita . tape 36 , 2001, p. 641-657 , doi : 10.1007 / s001260100183 .
- ^ Dan Holtstam: W and V mineralization in Långban-type Fe-Mn deposits: Epigenetic or syngenetic? In: GFF . tape 123 , 2001, p. 29-33 , doi : 10.1080 / 1103589010123102 .
- ↑ a b Mindat - description of the location and mineral list for Långban, Filipstad, Värmland, Sweden (English)
- ↑ Mindat - Top 50 list of most type locality minerals
- ↑ Mindat - description of the location and mineral list for the volcano Tolbatschik, Kamchatka, Russia (English)
Web links
- Bergshanteringen i Filipstads bergslag (Swedish)
swell
- D. Holtstam, J. Langhof (Eds.): Långban. The Mines, Their Minerals, Geology and Explorers . Raster Förlag, Stockholm 1999, ISBN 91-87214-88-1 .
