Löwentorstrasse
The Löwentorstraße , English Lion's Gate Street , Arabic طريق باب الأسباط tariq bab al-Asbat 'way of the gate of the tribes', Hebrew דרך שער האריות derech scha'ar ha-Ariot , German for 'way of the gate of the lions' , is a street in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Old City of Jerusalem .
geography
Löwentorstrasse is in the Muslim Quarter of Jerusalem . From the Löwentor ⊙ in the east to Al Wad at the corner of the Austrian Hospice for the Holy Family ⊙ in the west, a straight road 500 m long leads. This street is called Löwentorstraße on the 330 m long section from Löwentor to shortly before the confluence of Ghawanima-Tor-Straße ⊙ and Aqabat-el-rahbat (first station of the cross ⊙ ). From the first station of the cross, it is called Via Dolorosa .
Surname
The Löwentorstraße bears - similar to the Löwentor - many different names, especially in Arabic. The name English Lion's Gate street 'Löwentorstraße' , Hebrew דרך שער האריות derech sha'ar ha-Ariot , German for 'way of the gate of the lions' is derived from the lion gate, which takes its name from the two panthers depicted on it, which were mistakenly taken for lions.
The lion gate also became Arabic باب ستي مريم bab sitti Maryam , called 'Goal of my mistress Mary because it to Marie grave ⊙ leads and the Church of the Nativity of Mary is in its immediate vicinity. Accordingly, Löwentorstrasse also became Arabic طريق باب ستي مريم tariq bab sitti marjam called 'street of the gate of my mistress Maria'.
Another Arabic name for the lion gate is Arabic باب الأسباط, DMG Bāb al-Asbāṭ 'Gate of the Tribes', this is the name of the neighboring gate to the Haram. Hence the Arab name derives Arabic طريق باب الأسباط tariq bab al-Asbat 'Way of the Gate of the Tribes'.
Another name that is particularly common in Arabic is Arabic طريق باب أريحا tariq bab ariha 'Way of the Jericho Gate'. It has its origin in the fact that the extension of the road leads beyond the Lion Gate to Jericho . For this reason, the name for the lion gate in Arabic was Arabic باب أريحا bab ariha 'Jericho Gate' common.
On today's (2020) street signs, the Arabic name is Arabic طريق المجاهدين tariq al- Mujahedin 'Way of the Fighters'.
During the time of the Crusaders the Löwentorstraße was called Josaphat-Gasse , at Ernoul 1228/31.
history
Löwentorstrasse was created when the Romans built the Roman city of Aelia Capitolina on the ruins of the destroyed Jerusalem in 135 with a typical Roman street plan.
Course, buildings and sights in the area
If you enter Jerusalem's old town through the Löwentor, you will get directly onto Löwentorstrasse.
Originally this direct passage was walled up for reasons of better defense. First you had to turn sharply to the left and go through another archway. This left archway still exists. However, the walling was broken off to allow car traffic into the old town.
To the south, on the grounds of the filled-in pond of the Sons of Israel, there is a park-like green area, El Ghazali Square, and a large parking lot. On the east wall of the Pool of the Sons of Israel, a path leads along the old city wall to the tribal gate ⊙ , which al-Muqaddasī mentioned in 985 as the gate of the Sons of Israel . Muslims can enter the Haram (= Temple Mount) through this gate .
To the north, the Storchenturm-Weg branches off through a narrow archway ⊙ . It leads along the city wall to the stork tower ⊙ in the northeast corner of the old town.
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Right next to this passage is also on the north side of Löwentorstraße the Ottoman fountain Sabil Bab al-Asbat ⊙ , built in 1536 under Suleiman the Magnificent .
Between Löwentorstraße in the south, Bab-Hitta-Straße (also: Antonia Straße) in the west, Salahija-Gasse in the north and Storchenturmstraße in the east there is a walled area with the monastery and the school of the White Fathers . The St. Anne's Church ⊙ from the 12th century and the archaeological site Bethesda ⊙ , which is mentioned in the Gospel of John in John 5 : 1-15 EU , are located within this area . In addition, the Christian tradition locates the birthplace of Mary in St. Anne's Church .
130 m west of the Löwentor, Bab-Hitta-Straße crosses Löwentorstraße ⊙ . To the south, Bab-Hitta-Straße meets the Ayyubid Atonement Gate (= Bab Hitta) ⊙ after 65 m . Muslims can enter the haram through this gate.
After another 50 m, König-Faisal-Straße branches off to the south ⊙ . After 50 m it leads to the Ayyubid Dark Gate ⊙ . Muslims can also enter the haram through this gate.
Atonement Gate and Darkness Gate form the east and west arch of an Umayyad double gate, which was originally called the Gate of the Tribes of Israel .
Opposite the junction of König-Faisal-Straße, on the north side of Löwentorstraße, there is an ancient section of the wall ⊙ . It is a base made of eight layers of large ashlar stones with machined joint edges and bosses left raw . The Madrasa al-Mu'azzamija ⊙ rises above it . There are many different speculations about the origin and meaning of this ancient section of the wall. The Palestinian archaeologist Mahmoud Hawari , who examined this site, interpreted this base as Ayyubid masonry on which an Ottoman structure stands. In 1871 Charles Clermont-Ganneau found a warning inscription in the inner courtyard of the madrasa, which on the barrier between the courtyard of the Gentiles and the inner area of the Jerusalem temple forbade entry of non-Jews on death penalty.
After another 30 m, Herodestorstraße branches off to the north ⊙ . After 50 m from this Herodestorstraße a cul-de-sac branches off to the west. This leads to the entrance of the Nicodemus Chapel from the 12th century ⊙ .
80 m west of the junction of Herodesstrasse, the 135 Ecce Homo Arch ⊙ built by the Roman Emperor Hadrian spans Löwentorstrasse. The 1st station of the cross is located directly behind the Ecce-Homo-Bogen on the south side of Löwentorstraße. From here the Löwentorstraße is called Via Dolorosa. Opposite on the north side is the entrance ⊙ into a beautifully planted courtyard with benches. The flagellation chapel ⊙ , built in the 12th century, forms the east side of the courtyard . The west side is occupied by the Condemnation Chapel ⊙ , which was built on the walls of a Byzantine church in the 20th century .
The Umarija School ⊙ is located on the south side of Löwentorstraße between the junction of Herodestorstraße and Ghawanima-Tor-Straße . On the site of the Umarija School stood the Antonia Castle , which was completely leveled by Titus in the year 70 . The site remained undeveloped for more than 1000 years. A chapel of rest was built there at the end of the 12th century . This chapel of rest was used as a burial place for a henchman after Saladin's siege of Jerusalem in 1187 . In the 14th century the Madrasa al-Dschailija was built in its vicinity, which in the 16th century became the seat of the Mamluk governor. In 1815 Ibrahim Pascha turned it into a barracks, from which the Umarija School emerged in 1923 under a British mandate .
See also
literature
- Max Küchler : Jerusalem: A Handbook and Study Guide to the Holy City (Places and Landscapes of the Bible, Vol. IV, 2) , Publisher: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2007, ISBN 978-3-525-50170-2
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Löwentorstrasse at OSM. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Max Küchler: Jerusalem: A handbook and study travel guide to the Holy City , Publisher: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; 2007, ISBN 978-3-525-50170-2 , pp. 311-360, 1117-1131
- ↑ Google Maps Street View, Löwentorstraße, street sign, coordinates (31.780673, 35.235561). Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ↑ The "Ottoman Fountain" in Jerusalem at theologische-links.de. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ↑ The "Ecce-Homo-Bogen" - Monastery of the Sisters of Zion in Jerusalem at theologische-links.de. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
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