Broad-leaved pea

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Broad-leaved pea
Broad-leaf pea (Lathyrus latifolius)

Broad-leaf pea ( Lathyrus latifolius )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Fabeae
Genre : Flat peas ( Lathyrus )
Type : Broad-leaved pea
Scientific name
Lathyrus latifolius
L.

The Broad pea ( Lathyrus latifolius ), also broadleaf pea or bouquet Wicke called, is a plant from the genus of grass pea ( Lathyrus ), to the family of leguminous plants belongs (Fabaceae).

description

Winged stems, leaves, tendrils
Legume
Habitus

Vegetative characteristics

The broad-leaved flat pea is a deciduous, perennial, herbaceous plant with long, subterranean, branched runners . The stems are prostrate, ascending or climbing and are 0.5 to 2, rarely 3 meters long. Usually they are only branched in the lower area. They are clearly winged with wings 2.5 to 6 mm wide, rough due to their fine teeth, and glabrous.

The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf stalks are 2 to 5 cm long and 12 mm wide. Their wings are 2 to 7 mm wide, with the same width or wider than the stem. The leaf blades are pinnate and have a pair of plumage and branched tendrils , on the lower stem leaves these are just awn-like tips. The leaflets are 4 to 9, rarely 3 to 15 cm long and 1.5 to 5 cm wide, round or with short tips. They have five or seven longitudinal nerves, are clearly pinnate and reticulate, and have rough edges. The stipules are 3 to 6 cm long, 2 to 11 mm wide, at least half as long as the leaf stem, and are broad, semi-spear shaped.

Generative characteristics

The racemose inflorescences contain 5 to 15 flowers, stand upright and are up to 3.5 times as long as the bracts at the time of flowering . The flowers sit on 6 to 9 mm long stems, their bracts are a lot shorter than the flower stalk.

The flowering period extends from June to August. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope ; they are consistently a little asymmetrical. The calyx is bare, the calyx teeth are of unequal length: the lower ones are 1.5 to 2 times as long as the calyx tube, the upper ones are considerably shorter. The crown is 20 to 30 mm long, rose-red, the boat is greenish. The stylus is strongly bent upwards, twisted and has an inclined stylus brush.

The legumes are 7 to 11, rarely only 5 cm long, 8 to 12 mm wide and nervous. They have a brown, bare surface and contain 8 to 15 seeds . The seeds are 4 to 7 mm long, spherical to flattened against each other. The surface is warty, gray-brown with black spots. The navel is oval and takes up a fifth to a third of the circumference.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Food dispenser for a wooden bee

ecology

The broad-leaved flat pea is a hemicryptophyte . The subterranean runners are used for vegetative expansion.

From an ecological point of view, it is nectar-bearing butterfly flowers with a brush mechanism. The stylus and shuttle are constantly twisted in a slightly screwed manner, making the flower asymmetrical. This creates access to the nectar on the right side of the flower, which honey bees use without causing pollination. The pollination mechanism is actually only regularly triggered by other apids , such as representatives of the genera Bombus , Eucera , Megachile and Xylocopa . Honey bees are rarely seen on these flowers. Rather, common visitors and pollinators include leaf cutter and wood bees .

The seeds are likely endozoochor spread by birds and mammals. The broad-leaved flat pea is predominantly a drying spreader .

Occurrence

The broad-leaved flat pea is a sub-Mediterranean floral element . Its original area extends over the Mediterranean , the Balkan Peninsula and the Ukraine . She was carried off to the north and west as far as Central Europe . The broad-leaved flat pea occurs in southern Europe and North Africa. In Central Europe it is partly overgrown, in some areas it is classified as naturalized ( neophyte ). In Austria it is native to the Pannonian region , otherwise naturalized, in Germany it only occurs as a neophyte.

It grows in poor meadows, in bushes, sparse forests and on railway embankments. It occurs preferentially on dry, loose, mostly calcareous soils up to the montane altitude . Lathyrus latifolius is a character species of the Lathyretum latifoliae (Verband Trifolion medii) in the Swiss Jura and is mostly found in Quercetalia pubescentis societies.

Usage and history

Broad-leaved flat pea varieties are used as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens.

It came to Central Europe in the second half of the 16th century. It is mentioned for the first time by Pietro Andrea Mattioli as the Clymeneum . The Flame Lobelius named the plant Lathyrus narbonensis latiore folio , so he probably got it from southern France. Camerarius mentions it as a popular ornamental plant as early as 1586, and it has been cultivated in England since at least 1596. The first mention of the plant in Germany is the illustration of the plant in “Hortus Eystettensis” from 1613. Caspar Bauhin called the species Lathyrus latifolius in 1623 , this name was later adopted by Carl von Linné . The widespread use as an ornamental plant took place in the 18th century. The species was already considered old-fashioned towards the end of the 19th century. Popularly, the species is often referred to as vetch, mostly winter vetch or herb vetch.

supporting documents

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6
  • Broad-leaved pea. In: FloraWeb.de. (Sections Description and Ecology)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Broad-leaved flat pea. In: FloraWeb.de. , last accessed April 1, 2015.
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition, p. 619, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  3. ^ Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (ed.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 3: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Droseraceae to Fabaceae. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8 .
  4. ↑ Distribution map in the northern hemisphere according to Hultén , accessed on August 1, 2008.
  5. ^ Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  6. ↑ Heinz-Dieter Krausch : Kaiserkron and Peonies red ... From the discovery and introduction of our garden flowers . Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 2007, pp. 250f. ISBN 978-3-423-34412-8

Web links

Commons : Broad-leaf flat pea ( Lathyrus latifolius )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files