Leopoldina (Minas Gerais)
| Município de Leopoldina "Athenas da Zona da Mata"
Leopoldina
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 Leopoldina Cathedral
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| Coordinates | 21 ° 32 ′ S , 42 ° 39 ′ W | ||
 Location of the Munizip Leopoldina in the state of Minas Gerais
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| founding | April 27, 1854 as Vila Leopoldina, October 16, 1861 as the city of Leopoldina |
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| Basic data | |||
| Country | Brazil | ||
| State | Minas Gerais | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | BR-MG | ||
| structure | 48 Bairros (neighborhood) | ||
| height | 225 m | ||
| climate | tropical, Aw | ||
| surface | 943.1 km² | ||
| Residents | 51,130 (2010) | ||
| density | 54.2 Ew. / km² | ||
| estimate | 52,587 (July 1, 2019) | ||
| Parish code | IBGE : 3138401 | ||
| Post Code | 36700-000 | ||
| Telephone code | (+55) 32 | ||
| Time zone | UTC −3 | ||
| Website | leopoldina.mg (Brazilian Portuguese) | ||
| politics | |||
| City Prefect | José Roberto de Oliveira (2017-2020) | ||
| Political party | PSC | ||
| economy | |||
| GDP | 982,419 thousand R $ 18,448 R $ per person (2016) |
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| HDI | 0.726 (2010) | ||
Leopoldina , officially Portuguese Município de Leopoldina , is a medium-sized town in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais in the Sudeste region . It is part of the Zona da Mata Mineira region and is 322 km southeast of the state capital, Belo Horizonte . As of July 1, 2019, the population was estimated at 52,587 inhabitants, who are called Leopoldinese and live on an area of around 943 km².
Toponymy
The place is named after Leopoldina of Brazil , daughter of Emperor Peter II of Brazil .
history
Originally the area was settled by Botocuds and Puri Indians (Puris). At the end of the 18th century it was part of the gold mining heyday of the Minas Gerais captaincy . The first sesmarias were awarded on the territory in 1813, but the Leopoldina City Archives only recorded a documented increase in population from 1824. At the beginning of the 19th century it was known as Arraial do Feijão Cru ("raw beans"). On April 27, 1854, the place was elevated to Vila de Leopoldia . This date is considered to be the founding date, although the self-government came into force in 1855 and in 1861 the vila became a cidade. Leopoldina was profiting from the coffee boom at the time and at times had the second highest number of slaves in Minas Gerais. In 1874 the Estrada de Ferro Leopoldina railway line was inaugurated.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the immigration of Italian immigrants who founded the agricultural colony Colônia Agrícola da Constança was important .
geography
Surrounding places are in the north of Cataguase , in the north-east Laranjal , in the east Recreio , in the south-east Pirapetinga and Estrela Dalva , in the south Volta Grande and Além Paraíba , in the south-west Santo Antônio do Aventureiro , in the west Argirita and São João Nepomuceno and in the north-west Descoberto and Itamarati de Minas .
In 2017, the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) allocated Leopoldina to the purely geostatistical regions Região geográfica intermediária Juiz de Fora and with nine other cities to the Região geográfica imediata Cataguases .
climate
The city has a tropical climate (Aw) according to the Köppen and Geiger climate classification . The average temperature is 22.9 ° C. The average rainfall is 1263 mm per year.
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Leopoldina
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |||
| Temperature ( ° C ) | 25.8 | 26th | 24.9 | 22.9 | 20.8 | 19.8 | 19.6 | 20.8 | 22.2 | 23.4 | 24.1 | 24.4 | O | 22.9 |
| Precipitation ( mm ) | 211 | 175 | 135 | 65 | 34 | 22nd | 17th | 17th | 47 | 115 | 169 | 256 | Σ | 1263 |
City administration
José Roberto de Oliveira of the right-wing Partido Social Cristão (PSC) has been the city prefect (mayor) in Brazil since the local elections in 2016 for the 2017 to 2020 term of office .
The legislature lies with a city council made up of 15 elected city councilors ( vereadores ).
City structure
The seat of the municipality is divided into 48 bairros, smaller districts in the urban center:
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Outside in the rural area are the small settlements of São Lourenço in the mountain region and São Martinho.
Population development
Source: IBGE (figure for 2019 is only an estimate).
In 1872 of the 41,286 counted inhabitants, 26,033 were free people and 15,253 were slaves. In 1940 10,385 people lived in urban areas, but 30,325 people lived in rural areas. This relationship changed around the 1960s, when the former rural people settled in the new Bairros. In 2010, of 51,130 inhabitants, only 5424 were counted in the extensive inland areas of the municipality.
Ethnic composition
Ethnic groups according to the statistical classification (nomenclature) of the IBGE (as of 2010 with 51,130 inhabitants):
| group | proportion of | annotation |
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| Brancos | 23,848 | (Whites, descendants of Europeans ) |
| Pardos (mixed race) | 16,386 | ( Mulatto , mestizo ) |
| Pretus | 10,617 | ( Blacks ) |
| Amarelos | 209 | (Asians) |
| Indigenous people | 25th | (indigenous population) |
| without specification | 42 |
Average income and standard of living
The average monthly income in 2016 was 1.6 times the Brazilian minimum wage ( Salário mínimo ) of R $ 880.00 (exchange rate February 2019: around € 335). The Human Development Index (HDI) is rated high at 0.726 for 2010. The gross national product per capita was around R $ 18,448 in 2016.
Economy and Infrastructure
The Leopoldines find employment in the service, small industry and agriculture sectors.
The place can be reached via the federal highways BR-116 , which connects the states of Rio de Janeiro and Bahia, the BR-120 and BR-267 as well as the state road MG-454 , which connects Ferrovia Centro Atlântica with the railway network. With the Aeroporto de Leopoldina , Leopoldina has a small airport that is not served by scheduled services.
sons and daughters of the town
- João Moojen (1904–1985), zoologist
Web links
- City Prefecture website , Prefeitura Municipal Citizens' Portal (Brazilian Portuguese)
- City Council website , Câmara Municipal (Brazilian Portuguese)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c IBGE : Leopoldina - Panorama. In: cidades.ibge.gov.br. Retrieved February 8, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese).
- ↑ a b Zé Roberto 20 (Prefeito). In: com.br. Eleições 2016, accessed February 8, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese).
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20090715021841/http://www.arquivohistorico-mg.com.br/leopoldina/index.html#
- ^ Leopoldina - Leitura de realidade municipal. (PDF) In: web.archive.org. Plano Diretor Participativo de Leopoldina, 2006, archived from the original on January 22, 2016 ; Retrieved January 8, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese).
- ↑ IBGE : Divisão Regional do Brasil em Regiões Geográficas Imediatas e Regiões Geográficas Intermediárias 2017. In: ibge.gov.br. Retrieved February 9, 2019 (Brazilian Portuguese).
- ↑ Climate data , accessed on February 8, 2019.
- ↑ Censos demográficos do IBGE (1872-2010). Evolução da divisão territorial do Brasil 1872-2010. ( Memento of November 5, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Online; PDF; 1.3 MB, accessed January 9, 2019.
- ↑ Tabela 2093: População residente por cor ou raça, sexo, situação do domicílio e grupos de idade - Amostra - Características Gerais da População. In: sidra.ibge.gov.br. Retrieved February 9, 2019 . Sidra database query on Leopoldina.