List of paintings by Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was one of the leading artists of the Renaissance .
The estate
The number of paintings by Leonardo da Vinci that have survived is small. At present, only fifteen surviving paintings are wholly or partially ascribed to him. The dating of the works is often uncertain. Most of them are available as oil paintings , on wood as picture carriers . The mural in the refectory of the monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan has also been preserved: “ The Last Supper ”.
The attribution of further pictures is controversial. Some are missing and today only witness reports, copies by contemporary artists and Leonardo's studies and drafts for the preparation of the paintings indicate their previous existence. It is assumed, however, that no more than a handful of works that are entirely or largely his own have been lost. And of those paintings that are now considered to be Leonardo's major works, he seems to have never given up five or six, including the “ Mona Lisa ”.
The most recent example of a previously controversial attribution is the portrait “ La Bella Principessa ”. In 2009, the British art historian Martin Kemp caused a stir with the rewriting of the painting. Kemp justified the attribution of the "Bella Principessa" by forensic investigation methods. It would be the first discovery of a previously unknown Leonardo work in 100 years.
The small number of paintings is often explained by Leonardo's slow working method and his chronic habit of always delaying the completion of the works. Sometimes it is assumed that he was unable to bring projects that have already started to completion. On the other hand, it is believed that as an imaginative engineer and inventive technologist, he did not have to rely on making his income from the production and sale of works of art.
Nevertheless, Leonardo's few works, along with his notebooks , sketches, drawings and scientific treatises, became groundbreaking for later generations of artists.
Leonardo's workshop
Leonardo received his artistic training from around 1470 to 1477 as a student of the painter and sculptor Andrea del Verrocchio (1435 / 36–1488) in Florence . Some of Verrocchio's paintings from this period, such as Tobias and the Angel (dated around 1470–1475) and The Baptism of Christ (dated around 1472–1475), are attributed to a participation by Leonardo.
From around 1477 Leonardo da Vinci ran his own studio in Florence. In Milan , where he worked from 1482, he only founded a workshop (Italian: bottega ) at the end of the 1480s , in which he trained students and employed journeymen, but also craftsmen such as the metallurgist and paint mixer Tommaso Masini (1462 / 66– around 1520). From 1490/92 the workshop was in the “Corte Vecchia” (Italian for old court ), on the site of today's Palazzo Reale , in the south of the Piazza del Duomo . It gave rise to artists such as Ambrogio de Predis (around 1455– after 1508), Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio (1467–1516), Cesare da Sesto (1477–1523) and Marco d'Oggiono (around 1475– around 1530).
It is reported that the journeymen carried out the master's orders according to his instructions and that Leonardo occasionally lent a hand himself. In later epochs it was quite common for the master to also sign the work of his employees. However, the artists of the 15th and 16th centuries rarely signed their work. None of Leonardo's paintings or those that can be proven to have been made in his workshop bears a signature .
Leonardo's probably last painting, John the Baptist , is dated around 1513–1516. It is believed that in the last few years of his life he suffered from the effects of a stroke , a right-sided hemiparesis . Since Leonardo was left-handed and drew and wrote with his left hand, he was still able to make drawings and sketches. However, no paintings from the years 1516 to 1519 are known.
Well-known plants and their locations
Locations of the paintings by Leonardo da Vinci in Europe |
The paintings are now in various collections in Europe and North America.
The " Portrait of Ginevra de 'Benci " is currently the only painting by Leonardo da Vinci that is currently in a collection outside Europe, in the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC
The National Gallery of Art acquired the work in 1967 for 5 million US dollars . This made the portrait of Ginevra de 'Benci the most expensive painting to date .
In the same museum you can find the Madonna picture “Maria with the child and a pomegranate” (also called “Madonna Dreyfus”). However, the authorship is controversial and is today attributed to Lorenzo di Credi (around 1459-1537).
On November 15, 2017, the painting " Salvator mundi " was sold to an unknown bidder in an auction by Christie's auction house for the record amount of 450.3 million US dollars (the equivalent of around 382 million euros). According to Christie's, it is the most expensive work of art ever to be auctioned. In December 2017 it was announced that the painting will be on view in the Louvre Abu Dhabi in the future .
exhibition
From November 9, 2011 to February 5, 2012, the National Gallery in London showed nine of the fifteen paintings by Leonardo da Vinci and a large number of his sketches and drawings in the exhibition “Leonardo da Vinci - Painter at the court of Milan”.
The following list of well-known works by Leonardo da Vinci includes lost paintings and works that are not clearly attributed to him.
Title (version; format) |
Dating | Museum / collection | Location | Attribution | Illustration |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tobias and the Angel ( tempera on wood; 66 × 84 cm) |
around 1470-1475 | National Gallery | London | Andrea del Verrocchio , Leonardo da Vinci's involvement controversial | |
The baptism of Christ (oil on wood; 152 × 180 cm) |
around 1472-1475 | Uffizi Gallery | Florence | Andrea del Verrocchio and Leonardo da Vinci | |
The Annunciation (oil and tempera on wood; 98 × 217 cm) |
around 1472-1475 | Uffizi Gallery | Florence | secured | |
The adoration of the child with two angels in a landscape (tempera on wood; 47 × 60 cm) |
around 1473–1478 | Institute of Arts | Detroit | Circle of Andrea del Verrocchio, participation of Leonardo da Vinci controversial | |
Madonna with the Carnation (oil on panel; 47.5 × 62 cm) |
around 1473–1478 | Old Pinakothek | Munich | secured | |
Portrait of Ginevra de 'Benci (oil on panel; 37 × 43 cm) |
around 1474–1478 | National Gallery of Art | Washington | secured | |
Madonna Dreyfus (oil on panel; 13 × 16 cm) |
around 1475-1480 | National Gallery of Art | Washington | controversial, presumably Lorenzo di Credi | |
Madonna Benois (oil on canvas ; 31 × 48 cm) |
around 1475–1478 | Hermitage | St. Petersburg | secured | |
Saint Jerome (oil and tempera on wood; 73.5 × 103 cm; unfinished) |
around 1480 | Vatican Museums | Vatican | secured On the person depicted, see Hieronymus (Church Father) . |
|
The Adoration of the Magi of the Orient (oil on panel; 247 × 246 cm, unfinished) |
around 1481 | Uffizi Gallery | Florence | secured. For the depicted subject, see Three Kings . |
|
The Rock Grotto Madonna , 1st version (oil on wood; 122 × 199 cm) |
around 1483–1486 | Louvre | Paris | secured | |
The Lady with an Ermine (oil and tempera on wood; 40 × 55 cm) |
around 1483-1490 | National Museum | Krakow | secured | |
Portrait of a musician (oil and tempera on wood; 32 × 45 cm) |
around 1485-1490 | Pinacoteca Ambrosiana | Milan | controversial For the biography of the person presumably represented, see Franchino Gaffurio . |
|
Madonna Litta (oil and tempera on canvas; 33 × 42 cm) |
around 1490–1495 | Hermitage | St. Petersburg | controversial | |
La Belle Ferronnière (oil on panel ; 44 × 62 cm) |
around 1490–1496 | Louvre | Paris | controversial For the biography of the person depicted, see La Belle Ferronière . |
|
La Bella Principessa (chalk and ink on vellum ; 22 × 33 cm) |
around 1490? | Privately owned | controversial | ||
The Rock Grotto Madonna , 2nd version (oil on wood; 120 × 189.5 cm) |
around 1493–1508 | National Gallery | London | secured | |
The Last Supper ( Secco painting ; 422 × 904 cm) |
around 1494–1498 | Santa Maria delle Grazie monastery | Milan | secured | |
Salvator Mundi (oil on panel; 66 × 46 cm) |
around 1500 | Privately owned, Louvre Abu Dhabi |
Abu Dhabi | controversial | |
Madonna with the spindle | around 1501 | lost, various copies available |
Leonardo's work on this painting is considered certain | ||
The battle of Anghiari (presumably unfinished) |
around 1503–1506 | lost, original location as a mural in Palazzo Vecchio , Florence. Studies available in the holdings of the Royal Collection , Windsor |
Leonardo's work on this painting is considered certain. For the event of the battle, see Battle of Anghiari . |
||
Portrait of the Mona Lisa (oil on panel; 53 × 77 cm) |
around 1503–1505 | Louvre | Paris | secured | |
Leda with the swan | around 1503–1508 | lost, various studies available |
Leonardo's work on this painting is considered certain. For the depicted subject, see Leda (mythology) . |
||
Anna selbdritt (oil on panel; 130 × 168 cm) |
around 1508-1510 | Louvre | Paris | secured | |
La Scapigliata (oil on panel; 21 × 24.7 cm) |
around 1508 | Galleria nazionale di Parma | Parma | secured | |
Bacchus (oil on wood; 115 × 177 cm) |
around 1510–1515 | Louvre | Paris | secured | |
John the Baptist (oil on wood; 57 × 69 cm) |
around 1513-1516 | Louvre | Paris | secured |
literature
- Daniel Arasse : Leonardo da Vinci . Dumont Literature and Art Verlag, Cologne 2002, ISBN 978-3-8321-7150-6 .
- David Alan Brown : Leonardo da Vinci: Origins of a Genius . Yale University Press, New Haven, 1998, ISBN 0-300-07246-5 .
- Martin Kemp: Leonardo . C. H. Beck, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-406-56821-3 .
- Charles Nicholl : Leonardo da Vinci - The biography . S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 978-3-10-052405-8 .
- Franziska Windt: Andrea del Verrocchio and Leonardo da Vinci: collaboration in sculpture and painting . Rhema, Münster 2003, ISBN 3-930454-39-4 .
Web links
- Works by Leonardo da Vinci at Zeno.org .
- Leonardo da Vinci's paintings on the University of the Arts London website , accessed March 3, 2011
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Kemp, p. 20
- ↑ Tom O'Neill: La Bella Principessa - a real da Vinci? In: National Geographic Germany . February 2012, pp. 122–129.
- ↑ New da Vinci discovered? - Dear princess. ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , October 14, 2009.
- ↑ Da Vinci code decoded: Real picture, wrong woman ?, by Ulli Tückmantel. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: RP Online , October 15, 2009.
- ↑ Kemp, p. 7
- ↑ Kemp, p. 288
- ↑ Brown, p. 51
- ↑ Nicholl, p. 122 ff
- ↑ Nicholl, p. 323
- ↑ Nicholl, p. 300
- ↑ Angela Ottino della Chiesa (ed.): The Complete Paintings of Leonardo da Vinci. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London 1969, ISBN 0-297-17702-8
- ↑ Nicholl, p. 600
- ↑ Ingeborg Walter , Roberto Zapperi : The portrait of the beloved: stories of love from Petrarch to Titian . C. H. Beck, Munich 2007, p. 57 ISBN 978-3-406-55502-2
- ↑ Da Vinci painting auctioned for $ 450,312,500 , spiegel.de, October 16, 2017.
- ↑ a b c The most expensive painting in the world will hang in Abu Dhabi in future , sueddeutsche.de, December 7, 2017.
- ↑ Exhibition “Leonardo da Vinci - Painter at the court of Milan” ( Memento of the original from April 24, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the official website of the National Gallery (London)
- ↑ Da Vinci in London - The ruler of souls In: faz.net , November 8, 2011
- ↑ Kemp, p. 27