List of the most expensive paintings

This list of the most expensive paintings includes the highest prices at which works of the painting have been sold. She currently has paintings for which a sales contract for more than 50 million US dollars has become publicly known.

The earliest sale on the list is from 1987, when a record $ 53.9 million was paid for a Van Gogh flower painting . In the second half of the 1980s, works of art, especially paintings, repeatedly reached sensational high prices. Until then it was mainly the so-called Old Masters , for whose works fractional amounts had been paid, now the French Impressionists and modern art of the early 20th century were particularly popular. This high phase culminated in May 1990 when the Japanese collector Saitō Ryōei in New York within two days at Sotheby’s for over 78 million dollars Renoir's dance in the Moulin de la Galette and at Christie's for over 82 million dollars van Gogh's portrait of Dr. Gachet bid. After that, prices went down again. The general recession in the early 1990s also affected the art trade, and record prices stayed away for a few years.

From the mid-2000s, more recent works appeared on the list, for example by Francis Bacon or Willem de Kooning . At around the same time, a clear rise in prices can be observed again. In 2004, for example, Picasso's Boy with a Pipe was auctioned for the first time for more than 100 million dollars. In May 2015, Picasso 's Les femmes d'Alger (version "O") was valued at $ 179.4 million in an auction at Christie's . The picture went to an unknown bidder.

In spring 2011, according to newspaper reports, a picture from Paul Cézanne's series The Card Players is said to have been sold privately for a record sum of 250 to 275 million dollars; However, since neither the seller nor the buyer nor an auction house have confirmed the purchase so far, this is not taken into account here. In May 2017, a painting by Jean-Michel Basquiat was the first to be auctioned off after 1980 for more than $ 100 million.

Older maximum prices are far exceeded by the sums of the boom phase that began in 1987. In the previous year, a record was set at $ 11 million; in 1980 the peak was still $ 6.4 million. Some previous price records are included in a second list below.

The currently most expensive painting went to Mohammed bin Salman in November 2017 for $ 450.3 million . The painting is about Salvator mundi and is attributed to Leonardo da Vinci .

Demarcation

This list covers paintings solely on the basis of their purchase price; other types of valuation - such as estimates, rejected price offers or price requests - are left out. Many important paintings are not available to the art market for evaluation in this form, for example because they are in museum possession. The works of old masters in particular are seldom privately owned. The 1999 Guinness Book of Records , for example, names the Mona Lisa on display in the Louvre in Paris as the painting with the highest insurance value: It was valued at $ 100 million on December 14, 1962, which equates to about $ 843 million in 2020 taking inflation into account . Purchase prices do not necessarily reflect the fair market value of a work of art; they are often speculative or collector's prices .

Only the highest price at which it was sold is recorded for each painting. If the image was later traded for a lower amount, its price on the list will not be reduced. Therefore, for example, Renoir's dance in the Moulin de la Galette continues with the $ 78.1 million in 1990, although the work was sold again seven years later for just under $ 50 million. Nor does the list mention previous sales of the same image at a lower price.

As painting sales do not necessarily become public knowledge, this list cannot claim to be complete. The Unsecured Sales section gives some examples of sales that have not been confirmed or where relevant details such as the exact purchase price have not been disclosed.

The list contains only works of painting . This excludes other types of work, in particular drawings ( e.g. Degas ' Danseuse au repos from 1879, auctioned on November 3, 2008 for $ 37 million at Sotheby's in New York), prints ( e.g. Andy Warhol's Eight Elvises , in October 2008 for 100 Million dollars sold privately), calligraphy (e.g., a scroll by Huang Tingjian , sold at Poly Auction on July 3, 2010 for $ 63.8 million), and photographs . Also illuminations were not considered, since the painted can be difficult valued by the book isolated (for example Gospels of Henry the Lion , 1983 as previously auctioned most expensive art object for 11.9 million US dollars at Sotheby's).

The most expensive paintings

The following table is missing the following important information:

See the notes on the talk page for this article .

Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

The following table gives an overview of the most expensive paintings sold. The first column contains the title or the most common German name of the picture, in the case of translations the original title (in italics) is also given. In the second column is the name of the artist, in the third the year of creation of the work.

The next columns provide information about the relevant sale. First of all, the agreed purchase price is stated in US dollars. If the amount was set in another currency, it was converted at the exchange rate at that time . Some of the sums are rounded. This is followed by the date of purchase and - if known - buyer and seller. If the picture was auctioned, the next column names the auction house . Sales outside an auction are marked here as private sales ; an auction house that may act as an agent is also named in this case.

If freely available, the picture column shows a picture of the painting; an external link to one is provided as an alternative. The last column contains footnotes with sources for each piece of information.

The list is pre-sorted according to the purchase price and can be sorted by other columns by clicking in the header. Price records, i.e. the highest prices achieved so far, are highlighted in gray.

title	Artist	year	Price [million $]	Purchase date	Seller	Buyers	Auction house	image	swell
Salvator Mundi	Leonardo da Vinci	around 1500	450.3	Nov 15, 2017	Dmitri Yevgenyevich Rybolovlev	Mohammed bin Salman	Christie's
Les femmes d'Alger (version "O")	picasso	1955	179.4	May 11, 2015	unknown	unknown	Christie's	link
Nu couché	Modigliani	1917	170.4	0Nov 9, 2015	Laura Mattioli Rossi	Long Museum	Christie's
Nu couché (sur le côté gauche)	Modigliani	1917	157	May 14, 2018			Sotheby’s New York
Three Studies of Lucian Freud ( Triptych )	Bacon	1969	142.4	Nov 12, 2013			Christie's	link
No. 5, 1948	Pollock	1948	140, 0	0Nov 2, 2006	David Geffen	unknown	Private sale via Sotheby’s	link
Woman III	de Kooning	1953	137.5	Nov 2006	David Geffen	Steven A. Cohen	Private sale via Larry Gagosian	English Wikipedia
Adele Bloch-Bauer I.	Klimt	1907	135, 0	June 19, 2006	Maria Altmann	Ronald Lauder for the Neue Galerie	Private sale via Christie's
The Scream (pastel version from 1895)	Munch	1895	119.9	0May 2, 2012	Petter Olsen	Leon Black	Sotheby’s New York
Fillette à la Corbeille Fleurie	picasso	1905	115	0May 8, 2018	Peggy and David Rockefeller	Nahmad family	Christie's New York
Meules (haystack)	Monet	1890	110.7	May 14, 2019	unknown	Hasso Plattner	Sotheby’s New York
Untitled	Basquiat	1982	110.4	18th May 2017	unknown	Yusaku Maezawa	Sotheby’s New York
Nude with green leaves and bust (also: Nackte, green leaves and bust ) Nu au Plateau de Sculpteur	picasso	1932	106.5	0May 4, 2010	Sidney F. Brody	unknown	Christie's	link
Boy with a pipe Garçon à la pipe	picasso	1905	104.2	0May 5, 2004	John Hay Whitney	unknown	Sotheby's	link
Nurse	Lichtenstein	1964	95.3	0Nov 9, 2015	unknown	unknown	Christie's New York	link
Dora Maar with cat Dora Maar au chat	picasso	1941	95.2	0May 3, 2006			Sotheby's	link
Chop Suey	Hopper	1929	91.9	Nov 13, 2018	Barney A. Ebsworth	unknown	Christie's	link
Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures)	Hockney	1972	90.3	Nov 15, 2018	Joe Lewis	unknown	Christie's New York	link
Adele Bloch-Bauer II	Klimt	1912	87.9	0Nov 8, 2006	Maria Altmann	Oprah Winfrey	Christie's
Orange, Red, Yellow	Rothko	1961	86.9	0May 8, 2012	David Pincus	unknown	Christie's	English Wikipedia
Triptych, 1976	Bacon	1976	86.3	May 14, 2008	Jean-Pierre Moueix	Roman Abramovich	Sotheby's	link
Suprematist Composition	Malevich	1916	85.8	15th May 2018	unknown	unknown	Christie's
Nymphéas en fleur	Monet	1914-1917	84.7	0May 8, 2018	Peggy and David Rockefeller	unknown	Christie's New York
Triptych Inspired by the Oresteia of Aeschylus	Bacon	1981	84.6	June 30, 2020	Hans Rasmus Astrup	unknown	Sotheby's	link
Portrait of Dr. Gachet	van Gogh	1890	82.5	May 15, 1990	Heirs of Siegfried Kramarsky	Saitō Ryōei	Christie's New York
No. 10	Rothko	1958	81.9	May 13, 2015	unknown	unknown	Christie's	link
Meules, 1891	Monet	1891	81.4	Nov 16, 2016	unknown	unknown	Christie's
Field with plowing farmers Laboreur dans un champ	van Gogh	1889	81.3	Nov 13, 2017	Nancy Lee and Perry R. Bass	unknown	Christie's New York
Odalisque couchée aux magnolias	Matisse	1923	80.8	0May 8, 2018	Peggy and David Rockefeller	unknown	Christie's New York
Le Bassin aux Nymphéas water lily pond	Monet	1919	80.5	June 24, 2008	Heirs of Xenia S. and J. Irwin Miller	unknown	Christie's London
False start	Johns	1959	80, 0	Oct 2006	David Geffen	Kenneth C. Griffin	private sale	link
Dance in the Moulin de la Galette Bal au Moulin de la Galette	Renoir	1876	78.1	May 17, 1990	Betsey Cushing Roosevelt Whitney	Saitō Ryōei	Sotheby’s New York
The massacre of the innocent (also: child murder of Bethlehem )	Rubens	1609/11	76.7	July 10, 2002		Kenneth Thomson donated to the Art Gallery of Ontario	Sotheby's
No. 1 (Royal Red and Blue)	Rothko	1954	75.1	Nov 13, 2012		unknown	Sotheby's	link
White Center (Yellow, Pink and Lavender on Rose, 1950)	Rothko	1950	72.8	May 15, 2007	David Rockefeller	Hamad bin Chalifa Al Thani	Sotheby's	link
Self-portrait without a beard Portrait de l'artiste sans barbe	van Gogh	1889	71.5	Nov 20, 1998	Heirs to Jacques Koerfer	unknown	Christie's New York
Diana and Actaeon	Titian	1556/59	71.3	0Feb 1, 2009	Francis Egerton	National Gallery of Scotland and National Gallery (London)	Private purchase
Untitled, 1968	Twombly	1968	70.5	Nov 11, 2015			Sotheby's	[2]	-
Contrasts de formes	Casual	1913	70.0	Nov 13, 2017	Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Foundation	unknown	Christie's New York
Untitled, 1970	Twombly	1970	69.6	Nov 12, 2014			Christie's	[3]	-
Femme au béret et à la robe quadrillée (Marie-Thérèse Walter)	picasso	1937	69.4	02nd 2018	unknown	unknown	Sotheby’s London	link
Nu assis sur un divan (La Belle Romaine)	Modigliani	1917	68.9	0Nov 2, 2010			Sotheby's
The Gross Clinic The Gross Clinic	Eakins	1875	68, 0	0Dec. 4, 2007	Thomas Jefferson University	Philadelphia Museum of Art and Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts	private sale
Buste de femme (Femme à la résille)	picasso	1938	67.4	May 11, 2015	Steve Wynn	unknown	Christie's	link
La Gommeuse	picasso	1901	67.4	0Nov 5, 2015	William I. Cook	unknown	Sotheby’s New York	link
L'Allée des Alyscamps	van Gogh	1875	66.33, 0	0May 5, 2015	unknown	unknown	Sotheby's
The spring	Manet	1881	65.1	0Nov 5, 2014	Heir to Harry Payne Bingham	Getty Museum	Christie's New York
Police Gazette	de Kooning	1955	63.5	Oct 2006	David Geffen	Steven A. Cohen	private sale	link
Moving Zhichuan	Wang Meng	1350/70	62.1	0June 4, 2011	unknown	unknown	Poly Auction	link
Vase with cornflowers and poppies	van Gogh	1890	61.7	0Nov 4, 2014	unknown	Wang Zhongjun	Sotheby’s New York
1949-A-No. 1	Quiet	1949	61.7	0Nov 9, 2011	City and County of Denver		Sotheby’s New York	link
Sixty Last Suppers	Warhol	1986	60.8	Nov 15, 2017	unknown	unknown	Christie's New York
Still life with curtain, jug and bowl of fruit Rideau, Cruchon et Compotier	Cezanne	1893/94	60.5	May 10, 1999
Suprematist composition	Malevich	1916	60.0	0Nov 3, 2008	Heirs to the artist	Nahmad family	Sotheby’s New York
Bouilloire and fruits	Cezanne	1888-1890	59.3	May 13, 2019	SI Newhouse junior	unknown	Christie's New York
Cottage garden (flower garden)	Klimt	1907	59	01st Mar 2017	unknown	unknown	Sotheby’s London
No. 19, 1948	Pollock	1948	58.3	May 15, 2013	Emily and Mitchell P. Rales	unknown	Christie's New York	link
Grain field with cypress trees	van Gogh	1889	57, 0	May 1993	Heirs of Emil Georg Bührle	Walter Annenberg donated to the Metropolitan Museum of Art	private sale
Jeanne Hébuterne (au foulard)	Modigliani	1919	56.7	June 21, 2016	unknown	unknown	Sotheby’s London
Benefits Supervisor Resting	Freud	1994	56.1	May 13, 2015	unknown	unknown	Christie's	link
Woman With Flowered Hat	Lichtenstein	1963	56.1	May 15, 2013	Ronald Perelman	Laurence Graff	Christie's New York	English Wikipedia
Colored Mona Lisa	Warhol	1963	56.1	May 13, 2015	unknown	unknown	Christie's	link
Woman with crossed arms femme aux bras croisés	picasso	1902	55.0	0Nov 8, 2000			Christie's
Femme au chien	picasso	1962	54.9	May 14, 2019	unknown	Wynn Fine Art LLC	Sotheby’s New York
Girl on the bridge	Munch	1902	54.4	Nov 14, 2016	unknown	unknown	Sotheby’s New York
Nymphéas	Monet	1905	54	0May 5, 2015	unknown	unknown	Sotheby’s New York
Irises (also: Iris flowers ) Les Iris	van Gogh	1889	53.9	Nov 11, 1987	John Whitney Payson	Alan Bond	Sotheby’s New York
Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X	Bacon	1962	52.7	May 15, 2007	unknown	unknown	Sotheby's	English Wikipedia
Hurting the Word Radio # 2	Ruscha	1964	52.5	Nov 11, 1987	Joan and Jack Quinn	unknown	Christie's New York
Portrait of Angel Fernández de Soto (also: The Absinthe Drinker )	picasso	1903	51.8	June 23, 2010	Andrew Lloyd Webber	unknown	Christie's London	English Wikipedia
Pierrette's wedding Les Noces de Pierrette	picasso	1905	51.6	Nov. 30, 1989	Frederick Roos	Tomoro Tsurumaki	Binoche et Godeau	English Wikipedia
Composition No. III with red blue, yellow and black	Mondrian	1929	50.5	May 14, 2015	unknown	unknown	Christie's

Unsecured sales

title	Artist	year	Price [million $]	Purchase date	Seller	Buyers	Auction house	annotation	image	swell
Nafea faa ipoipo Nafea faa ipoipo	Gauguin	1892	300, 0	2015	Rudolf Staechelin Family Trust	unknown	Private purchase	Buyer and purchase price unconfirmed
The card players Les Joueurs de cartes	Cezanne	1892/93	250-275, 0	2011	Georges Embiricos or his heirs	unknown	Private purchase	Purchase has not been confirmed
Darmstädter Madonna (also: Madonna of Mayor Meyer )	Holbein d. J.	1526	70.3	July 12, 2011	Heinrich Donatus of Hesse	Reinhold Würth	Private sale via Christoph Graf Douglas	Price is based on estimate
Portrait of Alfonso d'Avalos with a bellboy	Titian	1533	70, 0	Nov 2003	Axa Oeuvres d'Art	Getty Museum	private sale	Price has not been confirmed

The once most expensive paintings

The following table is missing the following important information:

See the notes on the talk page for this article .

Help Wikipedia by researching and pasting it .

The following table lists the paintings that were the most expensive at the time they were sold. In addition to the information in the first table, the price adjusted for the increase in purchasing power due to inflation is given here. The basis for the extrapolation is the annual inflation rate of the US dollar.

title	Artist	year	Original price [million $]	Purchase date	Adjusted price [million $]	Seller	Buyers	Auction house	image	swell
Three Studies of Lucian Freud ( Triptych )	Bacon	1969	142.4	Nov 12, 2013	156			Christie's	link
No. 5, 1948	Pollock	1948	140, 0	0Nov 2, 2006	177.2	David Geffen	unknown	Private sale via Sotheby’s	link
Adele Bloch-Bauer I.	Klimt	1907	135, 0	June 19, 2006	170.9	Maria Altmann	Ronald Lauder for the Neue Galerie	Private sale via Christie's
Boy with a pipe Garçon à la pipe	picasso	1905	104.2	0May 5, 2004	140.8	John Hay Whitney	unknown	Sotheby's	link
Portrait of Dr. Gachet	van Gogh	1890	82.5	May 15, 1990	161.1	Heirs of Siegfried Kramarsky	Saitō Ryōei	Christie's New York
Irises (also: Iris flowers ) Les Iris	van Gogh	1889	53.9	Nov 11, 1987	121.1	John Whitney Payson	Alan Bond	Sotheby’s New York
Fifteen sunflowers in a vase Vase avec quinze tournesols	van Gogh	1889	39.9	30th Mar 1987	89.6	Heir to Helen G. Beatty	Yasuda fire insurance company	Christie's London
The rue Mosnier with pavement La rue Mosnier aux paveurs	Manet	1878	11.1	Dec 1986	25.8	Heirs to Rab Butler	unknown	Christie's London
Adoration of the Magi	Mantegna	1495/1505	10.4	Apr 18, 1985	24.7	Spencer Compton	Getty Museum	Christie's London
Seascape: Folkestone	Gymnast	1840	8th, 0	1984	19.6			Sotheby’s London	link
Juliet and Her Nurse	Gymnast	1836	6.4	May 30, 1980	19.8	Flora Whitney Miller	María Amalia Lacroze de Fortabat	Sotheby’s New York	link
Portrait of Juan de Pareja	Velazquez	1649/50	5.5	Nov 1970	36.1	Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie	Metropolitan Museum of Art represented by the Wildenstein Gallery	Christie's
Portrait of Ginevra Benci	Leonardo da Vinci	1474/80	5, 0	Feb. 1967	38.2	House of Liechtenstein	National Gallery of Art
Aristotle looks at Homer's bust Aristotle painfully bij een borstbeeld van Homerus	Rembrandt	1653	2.3	Nov 16, 1961	19.6	Heir to Anna Edith McCann Erickson	Metropolitan Museum of Art	Parke-Bernet
Madonna Benois (also: Madonna with flower )	Leonardo da Vinci	1478	1.5	1914	39.5	Leonti Benois	Nicholas II for the Hermitage	Private purchase
Portrait of Gaspar de Guzmán, Duke of Olivares	Velazquez		0.65	1913	17.3	Joseph Duveen	Arabella Huntington
Small Cowper Madonna	Raffael		0.565	1913	15th	Joseph Duveen	Peter Widener
The mill	Rembrandt		0.50	1911	13.9	Lord Lansdowne	Peter Widener	Private purchase via Arthur Sulley
Pala Colonna	Raffael		0.4	1901	12.4	Charles Sedelmeyer	JP Morgan
Madonna Ansidei	Raffael	1505	0.35	1885	9.6	George Spencer-Churchill, 8th Duke of Marlborough	National Gallery (London)

Remarks

1. ↑ ^{a b} There were irregularities in the processing of the purchase. Only in retrospect did it become public that the auction house had supported the purchase with $ 27 million. Still, the buyer was unable to raise the money to pay the purchase price. The painting ultimately ended up in the Getty Museum for an undisclosed sum . - See: Robert Hughes: Art: Rooted At Last . In: Time . April 2, 1990 ( article online [accessed August 30, 2011]).
2. ↑ for the details of the calculation see template: inflation
3. ↑ The work is sometimes incorrectly referred to as Die Rue Mosnier with flags (La Rue Mosnier aux drapeaux) . However, this is another Manet painting that was purchased by the Getty Museum for $ 26.4 million in November 1989 . The price was a new record for a work by this artist, but not for a painting at all. - See: Suzanne Muchnic: Getty Purchases 1878 Manet Work for $ 26.4 million . In: Los Angelos Times . November 15, 1989 ( article online [accessed September 1, 2011]).

See also

• Art compass

literature

• Dirk Boll and others: Heroes of the art auction . Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2014, ISBN 978-3-7757-3902-3 .
• Thomas Gonz: Art Investment: The Art of Making Money with Art . Gabler Verlag, 2012, ISBN 978-3-322-84641-9 .
• Katja Blomberg: How artistic values ​​are created . Murmann-Verlag GmbH, 2008, ISBN 978-3-86774-006-7 .
• Piroschka Dossi: Hype! Art and money . Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-423-24612-5 .
• Friederike Sophie Drinkuth: The modern auction trade: the science of art and the art business . Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar 2003, ISBN 3-412-13702-2 .
• Alexander Goepfert: Liability problems in the art and auction trade . Duncker & Humblot, 1991, ISBN 3-428-07225-1 .

Web links

• Details and large illustrations of the 10 most expensive paintings in the world.
• Stefan Buchberger: List of the most expensive paintings in the world. Created by Sotheby's and Christies’s as of August 2013.
• About Les femmes d'Alger (Version "O"): Discover the secrets of the record-breaking Picasso

Individual evidence

1. ^ Friederike Sophie Drinkuth: The modern auction trade: art history and the art business . 2003, Chapter 1.2.3 Records, Millions and Billions, p. 25th ff .
2. ^ Friederike Sophie Drinkuth: The modern auction trade: art history and the art business . 2003, Chapter 1.2.4 Recession and Recovery, p. 27 ff .
3. ↑ Rose-Maria Gropp: Interview with Tobias Meyer Why there are no more nouveau riche. In: Online edition of the FAZ . February 8, 2012, accessed February 8, 2012 . 
4. ^ ^{A b} Georgina Adam: The Art Market: High stakes. In: Online edition of the Financial Times . March 11, 2011, accessed August 21, 2011 . 
5. ↑ ^{a b} Stefan Koldehoff: The riddle of the most expensive painting in the world. In: Welt Online . July 31, 2011, accessed July 31, 2011 . 
6. ↑ ^{a b} Shane Harris, Kelly Crow, Summer Said: Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Identified as Buyer of Record-Breaking da Vinci . In: Wall Street Journal . December 8, 2017, ISSN  0099-9660 ( wsj.com [accessed December 8, 2017]).
7. ↑ ^{a b} Da Vinci painting auctioned for $ 450,312,500 , spiegel.de, October 16, 2017.
8. ↑ Mark C. Young (Ed.): The Guinness Book of World Records 1999 . Bantam Books, 1999, ISBN 978-0-553-58075-4 , pp. 319 .
9. ↑ Andrew Decker: The Silent Boom. In: artnet . November 5, 1998, accessed August 29, 2011 . 
10. ↑ Carol Vogel: Auction Season Opens With Little Enthusiasm . In: New York Times . November 4, 2008, p. A29 ( article online [accessed August 29, 2011]).
11. ^ The Pop master's highs and lows . In: The Economist . ( Article online on the Economist website [accessed August 22, 2011]).
12. ^ Louise Chen: Poly Auction Sells a Hand Scroll for $ 63.8 million, Shattering a Record. June 4, 2010, accessed August 25, 2011 . 
13. ↑ ^{a b c} William Wilson: Getty Pays $ 10.5 Million For Painting . In: Los Angeles Times . April 19, 1985 ( article online [accessed August 23, 2011]).
14. ↑ zeit.de
15. ↑ Record auction: $ 170.4 million for Modigliani's "Nu couché" , Spiegel Online from November 10, 2015
16. ↑ [1]
17. ↑ tagesschau.de ( Memento from November 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
18. ↑ nytimes.com
19. ↑ rp-online.de
20. ^ ^{A b} Carol Vogel: A Pollock Is Sold, Possibly for a Record Price. In: Online edition of the New York Times . November 2, 2006, accessed August 20, 2011 . 
21. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} art market: The ten most expensive paintings in the world. In: Welt Online . May 17, 2007, archived from the original on October 18, 2008 ; Retrieved May 5, 2010 . 
22. ↑ Carol Vogel: Landmark De Kooning Crowns Collection. In: Online edition of the New York Times . November 18, 2008, accessed August 20, 2011 . 
23. ↑ ^{a b} Carol Vogel: Lauder Pays $ 135 million, a Record, for a Klimt Portrait. In: Online edition of the New York Times . June 19, 2006, accessed May 5, 2010 . 
24. ^ Edvard Munch's 'The Scream' fetches record $ 119.9 million at auction. (No longer available online.) In: Online edition of the Chicago Sun-Times . May 2, 2012, archived from the original on November 25, 2012 ; Retrieved May 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
25. ↑ To Art Mystery Solved: Mogul Is 'Scream' Buyer. In: Wall Street Journal . July 11, 2012, accessed August 8, 2012 . 
26. ↑ Robin Pogrebin: Pulled From Rockefeller Walls, Picasso, Matisse and Monet Fetch Big Prices. In: Online edition of the New York Times . May 8, 2018, accessed May 9, 2018 . 
27. ↑ Gareth Harris: Nahmads confirm Picasso's $ 115m flower girl will go to Paris. In: The Art Newspaper. May 15, 2018, accessed October 17, 2018 . 
28. ↑ Scott Reyburn: A Monet Sells for $ 110.7 million, an Auction High for an Impressionist Work. In: Online edition of the New York Times . May 14, 2019, accessed on May 15, 2019 . 
29. ^ SAP co-founder Plattner bought Monet paintings. In: Online edition of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . February 21, 2020, accessed April 6, 2020 . 
30. ↑ Basquiat painting achieves auction record. May 19, 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2017 . 
31. ↑ sueddeutsche.de: Report on the auction with photo ( Memento from November 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
32. ↑ ^{a b} Ranking: The Most Expensive Paintings in the World - Boy with a Pipe. Retrieved August 22, 2011 . 
33. ↑ ^{a b} The most expensive paintings in the world. In: Online edition of the manager magazine . May 6, 2004, accessed August 25, 2011 . 
34. ↑ christies.com
35. ^ Scott Reyburn: Hopper Painting Sells for Record $ 91.9 million at Christie's. In: Online edition of the New York Times . November 13, 2018, accessed November 15, 2018 . 
36. ↑ Eric Platt, James Pickford: David Hockney painting sets new record for living artist. In: online edition of the Financial Times. November 15, 2018, accessed November 16, 2018 . 
37. ↑ georg.leyrer: 150 million dollars for Klimt restituted from the Belvedere - to Oprah Winfrey. Accessed May 1, 2019 . 
38. ↑ Ranking: The Most Expensive Paintings in the World - Adele Bloch-Bauer II. Accessed August 22, 2011 . 
39. ↑ Rothko's 'orange' painting squeezes record $ 86.9m. Retrieved May 9, 2011 . 
40. ↑ Unfiltered: Château Pétrus Makes a Record-Breaking Sale — of Art. May 21, 2008, accessed on August 22, 2011 (English). 
41. ↑ Roman Abramovich brings home the $ 86.3m Bacon and the $ 33.6m Freud . In: The Art Newspaper . No. 192 June 2008 ( article online [accessed August 22, 2011]).
42. ↑ www.christies.com/lotfinder
43. ↑ Robin Pogrebin: Pulled From Rockefeller Walls, Picasso, Matisse and Monet Fetch Big Prices. In: Online edition of the New York Times . May 8, 2018, accessed May 9, 2018 . 
44. ↑ Information about the auction on the website of the auction house Sotheby’s
45. ↑ ^{a b} Ranking: The Most Expensive Paintings in the World - Portrait of D. Gachet. Retrieved August 22, 2011 . 
46. ↑ ^{a b} Rita Reif: A van Gogh Now at Met Is to be Auctioned. In: Online edition of the New York Times . January 24, 1990, accessed September 1, 2011 . 
47. ↑ www.christies.com/lotfinder
48. ↑ www.christies.com/lotfinder
49. ↑ christies.com
50. ↑ Robin Pogrebin: Pulled From Rockefeller Walls, Picasso, Matisse and Monet Fetch Big Prices. In: Online edition of the New York Times . May 8, 2018, accessed May 9, 2018 . 
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72. ↑ sothebys.com
73. ↑ Robin Pogrebin: Van Gogh Painting Is Star During Sotheby's Auction collective work = New York Times . May 6, 2015 ( article online [accessed May 6, 2015]).
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78. ↑ Wang Meng's ZHICHUANYIJU Got RMB 402.5Million. (No longer available online.) In: Poly Auction website . June 5, 2011, archived from the original on September 1, 2011 ; accessed on August 25, 2011 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
79. ↑ Thanks to Giacometti, Sotheby's Hits Its Highest Total Ever at Fall Opening. nytimes.com, accessed November 5, 2014 . 
80. ↑ China Movie Mogul Wang Zhongjun Buys Vincent Van Gogh Painting for $ 61.8 million. online.wsj.com, accessed November 6, 2014 . 
81. ^ Clyfford Still masterpieces soar in Sotheby's contemporary art evening sale in New York. artdaily.org, accessed January 15, 2012 . 
82. ↑ christies.com
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87. ^ Scott Reyburn: As Klimt Painting Sells for $ 59 Million, Auction Houses Cross Their Fingers . In: New York Times . March 2, 2009 ( article online [accessed March 5, 2017]).
88. ↑ Carol Vogel: Christie's Contemporary Art Auction Sets Record at $ 495 million. In: Online edition of the New York Times . May 15, 2013, accessed May 16, 2013 . 
89. ↑ Michael Kimmelman: Annenberg Donates A van Gogh to the Met . In: The New York Times . May 15, 1993 ( article online [accessed September 5, 2011]).
90. ^ Wheat Field with Cypresses. Metropolitan Museum of Art , accessed September 5, 2011 . 
91. ↑ Robin Pogrebin: Picasso's 'Femme Assise' Sells for $ 63.7 million, to Auction High for Cubism. Online edition of the New York Times , accessed August 23, 2016 . 
92. ↑ www.christies.com/lotfinder
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94. ↑ www.christies.com/lotfinder
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96. ↑ sothebys.com
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98. ↑ ^{a b c d} Friederike Sophie Drinkuth: The modern auction trade: the art science and the business with art . 2003, plate 4: The most expensive works in auction history, p. 286 f .
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108. ↑ Anna Somers Cocks: Greatest German Renaissance Madonna sold by prince. In: Online edition of The Art Newspaper . Retrieved August 24, 2011 . 
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110. ↑ Portrait of Alfonso d'Avalos, Marchese del Vasto, in Armor with a Page. Getty Museum , archived from the original on May 2, 2009 ; accessed on September 5, 2011 (English). 
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113. ↑ nytimes.com
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116. ↑ Van Gogh's 'Bridge' Sells in London For $ 20 Million . In: New York Times . June 30, 1987 ( article online [accessed August 23, 2011]).
117. ↑ Dinitia Smith: Art Fever . In: New York Magazine . tape 20 , no. 16 , April 20, 1987, ISSN  0028-7369 , pp. 36 .
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119. ↑ Bruce Arnold: Landmarks to 1901. (No longer available online.) November 2011, archived from the original on April 13, 2013 ; Retrieved January 18, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
120. ^ ^{A b} Lindsay Pollock: Art market analysis: Why works make records in a recession . In: The Art Newspaper . No. 213 , May 2010 ( online [accessed August 24, 2011]). Art market analysis: Why works make records in a recession ( Memento of the original from June 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
121. ↑ Juliet and her nurse. November 18, 2007, accessed August 24, 2011 . 
122. ^ Collection Database - Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved September 1, 2011 . 
123. ↑ Ingeborg Walter , Roberto Zapperi : The portrait of the beloved: stories of love from Petrarch to Titian . CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-55502-2 , p. 57 .
124. ^ National Gallery of Art Presents "Ginevra's Story," A New Documentary that Uncovers the Mysteries of Leonardo da Vinci's First Known Portrait, Narrated by Meryl Streep, to Air on Public Television Stations Nationwide. (No longer available online.) In: National Gallery of Art website . December 7, 2000, archived from the original on August 14, 2011 ; accessed on September 1, 2011 (English, press release). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
125. ↑ ^{a b} Curves of Taste . In: Der Spiegel . No. 34 , 1962, pp. 49 ( online ).
126. ↑ Carol Vogel: A Special Appearance for Rembrandt's 'Titus'. In: Online edition of the New York Times . April 20, 2007, accessed August 28, 2011 . 
127. ^ Collection Database - Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved September 1, 2011 . 
128. ↑ Meryle Secrest: Duveen: A Life in Art . University of Chicago Press, 2005, ISBN 0-226-74415-9 , pp. 105 .
129. ^ Artis . tape 31 . Neinhaus-Verlag, 1979, p. 34 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed August 27, 2011]).
130. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Cynthia Saltzman: Old Masters, New World . Penguin Group, 2008, ISBN 978-0-670-01831-4 .
131. ↑ Key Facts; Raphael; The Ansidei Madonna - National Gallery. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on May 18, 2011 ; Retrieved January 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.