Forest honeysuckle

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Forest honeysuckle
Inflorescence of forest honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum)

Inflorescence of forest honeysuckle ( Lonicera periclymenum )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Cardigans (Dipsacales)
Family : Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae)
Genre : Honeysuckle ( Lonicera )
Type : Forest honeysuckle
Scientific name
Lonicera periclymenum
L.

The forest honeysuckle ( Lonicera periclymenum ), also known as wild honeysuckle , German honeysuckle or forest honeysuckle , is a species of the honeysuckle family (Caprifoliaceae).

description

The typical formation of lianas in the forest honeysuckle

Lonicera periclymenum grows up to 25 meters long as a liana .

The plant divides into several loops that can literally "spin" a tree. The loops even resist the growth in thickness of branches and trunks, so that over time they create screwy indentations in their bark. The lianas lie spread out on the ground on rocky stretches of coast.

The forest honeysuckle has creamy white to yellowish flowers that give off a sweet scent.

Small, red berries are formed.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18, 36 or 54.

Occurrence

This climbing plant is common over large parts of Europe. Their northernmost distribution areas are in southern Norway and southwestern Sweden . It grows wild in forests and bushy areas. It is a character species of the Pruno-Rubion association, but also occurs in societies of the Quercenion roboris-petraeae sub-association or, more rarely, in acidic societies of the order Fagetalia.

Systematics

One can distinguish between two subspecies:

  • Lonicera periclymenum L. subsp. periclymenum : It occurs in Europe from Portugal and Greece to southern Norway and southern swathes.
  • Lonicera periclymenum subsp. hispanica (Boiss. & Reut.) Nyman (Syn .: Lonicera hispanica Boiss. & Reut. ): It occurs in Morocco, Portugal and Spain.

Toxicity

Again and again the berries tempt small children to snack, but often with a subsequent hospital stay, because the fruits of the forest honeysuckle are poisonous and cause diarrhea and irritation of the digestive system.

ecology

Forest honeysuckle in the forest

The forest honeysuckle is a winter-bare climbing wood, a liana . In contrast to most other bindweed plants - but similar to our flora, the hops, the knotweed and the cobblestone - it is a right-hand wind, i.e. it winds clockwise when viewed from above. It is also deep-rooted.

Fruits of the forest honeysuckle

The flowers rest under the warm and bright times of day and only unfold their full splendor in the evening. They are usually visited in the evening by owl butterflies and long-nosed swarmers , which can pollinate the flowers with their long suction tubes.

The flowers are strictly pre-male "real lip flowers" and are in stalked, heady cymes. The visitors are touched by dust bags and scar on their belly side. The species is a typical night owl flower, i. H. the flowers only open in the evening around 7 p.m. with a strong fragrance, the flowers have oily, smooth lips and corolla tubes up to 4 cm long. There is a change in color of the flowers from red to white to yellow. The nectar is also accessible to long-nosed bumblebees when it is abundantly secreted . The pollen of the stuck out anthers is also accessible to hover flies. Flowering time is from June to August.

The red berries promote the digestive spread of the plant. Fruit ripening is from August to September.

Vegetative reproduction occurs through underground runners .

Common names

For the forest honeysuckle there are or existed, in some cases only regionally, the other German-language common names : Alfranke ( Mecklenburg , Western Pomerania ), Baumlilie, Beinweide ( Bern , Graubünden ), Durchholz ( Eifel ), our women Lien, honeysuckle, St. Georgenrosen ( Leipzig , Mark Brandenburg ), Gilgencurort ( Middle High German ), Hahnenfüsslen ( Alsace ), Henenblomen, Herzfreud (Middle High German), The longer the better ( Meißen , Mark Brandenburg), Klommbock (Eifel near Altenahr ), Kotitten ( Altmark , Low German ), Lehlheck (Eifel near Nürnburg ), line flowers, lilies from Hiericho, lily fruit, Memmekenskraut, wild milk tree, wild beetroot, roses from Jericho (Leipzig, Nuremberg , Schaffhausen ), sickle herb, bacon lily (Alsace, Mecklenburg), bacon (Middle High German), Süchelt (Middle High German ), Sügelke, Sugha, Sughe, Sughake, Waldgilgen, Waldlilgen (Middle High German), Waldmeister ( Silesia ), Waldrebe, Waldried (Mecklenburg, Alsace, Bern), Waldwinde (Middle High German) sch), grot Wede, grot Wedewynde, grot Wyde, Wildranken, Wynde (Middle High German), Wynden (Middle High German), Zauling (Middle High German), Zaungilge ( Thuringia ), Zaunlilien (Alsace), Zaunling, Zuckerfuß and Zwickholz (in the sense of wood for Cobbler purposes).

use

Several varieties are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 878 .
  2. ↑ a b c Lonicera periclymenum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  3. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 77. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Honeysuckle ( Lonicera periclymenum )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files