Męcinka
| Męcinka | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Yes | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 4 ' N , 16 ° 6' E | ||
| Height : | 200 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 610 | ||
| Postal code : | 59-424 | ||
| License plate : | DJA | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Rail route : | Jaworzyna Śląska – Legnica | ||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Rural community | ||
| Gmina structure: | 14 school offices | ||
| Surface: | 147.78 km² | ||
| Residents: | 4995 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 34 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 0205032 | ||
| Administration (as of 2007) | |||
| Community leader : | Zbigniew Przychodzeń | ||
| Address: | Męcinka 11 59-424 Męcinka |
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| Website : | www.mecinka.pl | ||
Męcinka [mɛɲ'ʨiŋka] (German Herrmannsdorf ) is a Polish village and seat of the rural community of the same name in the powiat Jaworski of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship .
The place is eight kilometers northwest of Jawor ( Jauer ) in the northeastern hill country of the Katzbach Mountains in about 200-230 m altitude. Its highest peaks, however, are the Heßberg (445 m above sea level) and Eichberg (460 m above sea level). The northeastern area of the community corridor is bounded by the angry Neisse , flowed through or flooded by the dammed water.
history
Męcinka originally goes back to a small Slavic settlement called Dobrowice (?). The place is first mentioned in a document in 1297 (falsified to 1202). Around 1200 the German settlement took place by farmers from Franconia and Hesse . The village originally showed a certain unity through its planned layout. As a street village with the two streets running through the place and a long anger area in the middle, along the village stream, called "Dorpicht" and fixed on the outside with a surrounding village wall made of field stones. The old village church stands in the middle of the village.
The church, consecrated to St. Andrew the Apostle, is said to have existed as early as the time of St. Hedwig von Andechs was first mentioned in 1327. Its rich interior suggests the piety of the residents and their willingness to donate. Until 1327 Herrmannsdorf belonged to the parish of Schlaup and thus to the deanery of Jauer.
The area belongs to the oldest settlement district in Silesia. Goldberg was founded in 1211 as the first city under German law ( Magdeburg city law ). (Löwenberg 1217 - also Magdeburg city law). Together with other neighboring villages, the place was a monastery village of the Cistercian monastery Leubus , the oldest Cistercian monastery in Silesia (1163) until secularization in 1810. The monastery bought areas of the former place as early as 1291, which was recorded in a document: “... Bolko , Duke of Silesia, by the knight Henricus, called Bohemus, 25 feudal hooves to the abbot of the Leubus monastery ... “.
The numerous crosses, crucifixion groups, chapels and wayside shrines in the private properties were remarkable for the well-kept townscape. In addition to the religious care and support provided by the monks of the Leubus monastery, their program also included upbringing, education and art as well as instruction in agriculture and forestry.
The Heßberg (446 m above sea level - a jagged basalt mountain) was built early on, up the system of a wooden way of the cross by monks of the monastery, which was then renewed and consecrated again in 1748. The approximately 2 meter high, stone stations were listed and have been preserved to this day. The Way of the Cross, which is difficult to walk due to its steep ascent, was nevertheless used for many devotions and processions over many centuries until today. The planting of the two vineyards (former basalt vines) with vines and their care also goes back to the monks from Leubus.
After a major fire in 1826 of 10 farms in Niederdorf, the district of Neu Herrmannsdorf (called Neudorf) was created in 1827 by the damaged farmers. As a replacement for the much too small, old school, a new, modern country school was built in 1938.
The outcrops and deposits in the entire area around Męcinka bear witness to the most diverse eras of geological development. In addition to the sand and clay deposits, there are numerous basalt deposits and vein areas in which various ores were mined.
Among other things, the old Rudolph tunnel , which has been more or less successfully excavated over centuries, testifies to this . Basalt was mined in several quarries over many years.
Herrmannsdorf and its surroundings were often the scene of battles and wars, starting with the Mongol invasions in 1241 ( Battle of Wahlstatt ), through the Battle of the Katzbach (1813) to the Second World War beginning in the winter of 1944 .
The "Goldberger Chaussee ", an old trade and military road, which leads past the site, has been one of the most important connections on the edge of the Katzbach Mountains to the west since ancient times.
In 1939 there were 968 inhabitants in Hermannsdorf. The area covered approx. 1250.2 hectares, in addition there was the forest district "Mönchswald" with 796.1 hectares of forest.
Sights and excursion destinations
The bush houses and the Mönchswald were among the most popular excursion destinations, especially for townspeople. The entire monk's forest (silvae moncharum) was also owned by the Leubus monastery until the secularization in 1810. Although the bush houses were right on the border with Herrmannsdorf, they still belonged to Hennersdorf. The entire Mönchswald was well developed by the Giant Mountains Association and provided with observation towers. From them one had a wonderful view over large parts of Lower Silesia. The forestry office in the bush houses was responsible for the management of the entire monk forest and ensured a prosperous timber industry.
The area around Męcinka is rich in finds from prehistoric times. The Heßberg, the Burg-Berg and other elevations reveal the remains of fortifications and places of worship. The most remarkable find was made at the foot of the Heßberg, (at the devil's stones). A golden headband from the Illyrian era, approx. 900–700 BC, was found there in 1907. Many finds in neighboring towns indicate a very early settlement before 1000. There you found ounces and utensils that were dated to the Bronze Age or Iron Age.
Timeline (selection)
Around 900 a castle was founded in what would later become Breslau by the Bohemian Duke Vratislavia. In 966: Mieszko I joins the Roman Church after he recognized the German Emperor Otto I as a liege lord in 963 . In the year 1000 the diocese of Wroclaw was founded. In 1017 Thietmar von Merseburg mentioned the first German settlement Nimptsch in Silesia . In 1172, Duke Boleslaw the Tall One brought the first 12 Cistercian monks from the Pforta (Saale) monastery to Leubus. In 1175 the convent in Leubus came into effect and intended to create German farming settlements in sparsely populated Silesia. Duke Heinrich I , the bearded, of Liegnitz wed Hedwig, the daughter of the Bavarian Duke of Meranien Berthold von Andechs .
Around 1200, many Franks , Thuringians and Flemings came to the sparsely populated area of Silesia as German settlers. In just a few decades, 1,500 German villages and 63 cities were founded here. In 1241 Duke Heinrich II , son of St. Hedwig and Heinrich I, with allies in the battle of the Mongols and fell on April 9, 1241 at Wahlstatt. In 1242 Pastor Valentin (Valentius) von Jauer was named as a witness in a document for Duke Boleslaus. In 1291 the first secure confirmation from Herrmannsdorf was mentioned in the Hayn (Bolkenhain) document of March 13, 1291. The monastery bought 25 Lehnhufen in Herrmannsdorf for 200 silver marks from the knight Henricus dictus Boehemus. 1303 Jauer becomes the capital of the principality.
1314–1346 Jauer was an independent principality. In 1327 in Herrmannsdorf, previously a branch of Schlaup, Pastor Michael von Schlaup (Slub) ceded the claimed right of collation and patronage to Abbot Johann von Leubus. In 1329 (1327?) All Silesian Piast princes placed themselves under the suzerainty of the Bohemian crown. On August 24, 1335 Trenčín - King of Poland Kazimir III. , the great, forever in Silesia and makes no more claims on it. He sealed this with a contract. In 1348, Silesia was solemnly incorporated into the crown of Bohemia by Charles IV , the German king, and from October 9, 1355, as the Roman emperor (Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation). In 1392 the Duchy of Jauer fell to Emperor Charles IV (he married "Fräulein von Jauer" - a niece of Bolko II).
In 1427 the Hussite War took place with great devastation. In 1453 the plague broke out in the entire area (in Jauer about 2000 inhabitants die of the plague). In 1742 Silesia fell to Frederick the Great and became Prussian. 1748: the Stationsweges to Herrmannsdorfer Heßberg is reissued by Abbot Thomas von Leubus. In 1810 the secularization of the monasteries Leubus, Grüssau, Wahlstatt (among others) took place. Leubus Monastery was the most powerful monastery in Silesia. King Friedrich Wilhelm III. dissolves all monasteries, including the prince-bishop's cathedral in Wroclaw. In 1818 the church was rebuilt (as it was in 1945). The bell tower was taken over from the previous church. Pastor Christian names 1228 as the year of construction. In 1826 there was the second major fire in Herrmannsdorf. A year later, Neu-Herrmannsdorf was re-established and the farmers who lived in the burned-down Hermannsdorf moved in. In 1854 the railway line from Jauer to Liegnitz and Königszelt was completed.
In 1904 the nurses' house and in 1937: the new three-class country school was built in Herrmannsdorf. The country school was occupied in 1938 and the first classes started school. In 1938 three settlement houses were built for five large families. During the Second World War, which began on September 1, 1939, the German Wehrmacht (Goldberger Chaussee and other nearby transport links) were increasingly moved in the village in 1944. In January / February 1945 German troops took up further positions on the Breiten Berg and the surrounding area as well as in the village. Because of the heavy fighting in the area (Jauer, Striegau, Liegnitz and others), the Wehrmacht and SS expelled the residents of the place to less endangered places, including Czechoslovakia. On February 12, 1945, the Red Army occupied the district town and other places in the area. Heavy fighting followed in the area around Herrmannsdorf. On May 8, 1945 the war was officially over. Silesia came under Polish administration. Many residents of Herrmannsdorf (including refugees who had arrived) had already left or fled from January 1945 in different stages and in different directions. A part remained in substantial parts of the former empire, the majority returned to Herrmannsdorf. In the following months, an increasing number of Poles and their families came to the town, had apartments and houses vacated and moved into them.
In June 1945 the Polish militia tried to evict the residents. The Soviet troops ordered the return home. Until October 1946, the villagers still present were expelled in various treks . The first trek was sent to Sandkrug / Oldenburg, the second to Stadthagen , the third to the Ore Mountains and the last to the Berlin area .
traffic
The Przybyłowice stop and the disused Brachów station on the Katowice – Legnica railway line are in the municipality.
local community
The rural community of Męcinka has an area of 147.78 km² with 4800 inhabitants. The community has 14 Schulzenämter ( German names until 1945 ) and 4 other places to live.
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Other localities are: Bogaczów, Jerzyków, Raczyce ( Rätsch ), Nowa Męcinka ( Neu-Herrmannsdorf )
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ The Genealogical Place Directory