Marie Victor Nicolas de Fay de La Tour-Maubourg

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Marie Victor de Fay de Latour-Maubourg

Marie Victor Nicolas de Fay de Latour-Maubourg (born May 22, 1768 in La Motte-de-Galaure , today the Drôme department ; † November 11, 1850 in Dammarie-les-Lys , Seine-et-Marne ) was a French general .

Life

Marie Victor Nicolas de La Tour-Maubourg, younger brother of Charles César de Fay de La Tour-Maubourg , was captain of the cavalry at the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 and joined the Gardes du Corps as a sous-lieutenant . On the night of October 6th to 7th, 1789, he and two comrades protected the life of Queen Marie Antoinette and led the fleeing from the mob to King Louis XVI.

As colonel of a regiment of hunters on horseback, La Tour-Maubourg served in the vanguard of the army commanded by the Marquis de La Fayette during the campaign of 1792 , took part in various battles, and joined him and his brother after the imprisonment of the royal family in the Temple on 19 / 20. August 1792 to Austrian territory. Here he was caught by the Austrians, but released again after a month. He lived on neutral soil and did not return to France until 1797.

As an adjutant to Jean-Baptiste Klébers , La Tour-Maubourg took part in the expedition to Egypt . In 1800 he brought the news of the coup d'état of 18th Brumaire VIII (November 9, 1799), through which Napoleon Bonaparte made himself the sole ruler of France, to Kleber from France , but no promise of speedy help for the troops in need, which were just after the surrender of al -Arisch prepared to return home. At the head of the 22 e régiment de chasseurs à cheval , he was badly wounded in the defense of Alexandria against the British.

At the Battle of Austerlitz (December 2, 1805) La Tour-Maubourg was promoted to Général de brigade by Napoleon . He then took part in the campaign against Prussia and Poland without caring about his wounds, advanced to Général de division and was wounded again during the Battle of Friedland (June 14, 1807). In 1808 he commanded the cavalry of the southern army in Spain and distinguished himself among others at Cuenca and Badajoz .

In 1812, La Tour-Maubourg moved to Russia with Napoleon's Great Army , distinguished himself at Moshaisk and was seriously injured by a saber blow on the head when his cuirassiers attacked the Borodino redoubt . After retreating from Moscow , he was given command of the rest of the cavalry in Smolensk, and in winter he tried hard to collect new horses in France for the campaign of 1813. He then fought during the Battle of Dresden (August 26-27, 1813) and the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig (October 16-19, 1813), in which he lost a leg.

Although Napoleon made Count of the Empire , La Tour-Maubourg agreed to the removal of the French ruler in 1814 and joined the council of war established by the Count of Artois on May 6th of that year . Louis XVIII appointed him peer of France during the first restoration on June 4, 1814 . In contrast to his older brother, he stayed in the background during Napoleon's brief return to power, the rule of the Hundred Days . Louis XVIII elevated him to Marquis in 1817 and sent him to London as an envoy .

On November 19, 1819, La Tour-Maubourg became Minister of War in the cabinet of Élie Decazes . He had never taken part in political battles; but his personal inclinations belonged to the right; politically he didn't mean anything. He kept his portfolio in Richelieu's cabinet. In June 1820 there was violent unrest in Paris , which was suppressed by force of arms, which gave rise to many unjust complaints against the Minister. La Tour-Maubourg could not be of any particular support to the Cabinet; even if his loyal character was generally honored and he was respected by the army , Richelieu had too much influence over him to let him ever perform independently; This was particularly evident in the course of the preparatory reorganization of the army.

The Bonapartist officers who left La Tour-Maubourg worried him with their open hostility, especially since the conspiracy of August 19, 1820; he had to show General Gabriel Donnadieu the door and threaten him if he did not let up in his passion. His position was uncomfortable for him and it was said that he wanted to exchange it for that of the governor of the invalids. On September 30, 1820, the king awarded him the Order of the Holy Spirit . His opponents were constantly shaking his position, while his general secretary, Perceval, pulled him more and more to the right and he carried out new weedings of Bonapartist officers. But it could never suffice the ultra-royalists ; with Richelieu he resigned as Minister of War on December 14, 1821 and was succeeded by the Duke of Belluno .

On December 17, 1821, Louis XVIII appointed La Tour-Maubourg as Minister of State and member of the Privy Council, on December 13 he had already appointed him Governor of the Hôtel des Invalides in place of the late Marshal von Coigny . After the July Revolution of 1830 , however, he resigned this post and retired to his estate near Melun . Following King Charles X's exile to Prague in 1830 , he was appointed tutor of Henri d'Artois, comte de Chambord , Duke of Bordeaux in 1835 . La Tour-Maubourg died on November 11, 1850 at the age of 82.

Honors

His name is entered on the triumphal arch in Paris in the 17th column (LTr MAUBOURG).

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME La Tour-Maubourg, Marie Victor Nicolas de Fay de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Latour-Maubourg, Marie Victor de Fay de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French general
DATE OF BIRTH May 22, 1768
PLACE OF BIRTH La Motte-de-Galaure
DATE OF DEATH November 11, 1850
Place of death Dammarie-les-Lys , Seine-et-Marne department