Martin Andersen Nexø

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Martin Andersen Nexø in the 1950s
Martin Andersen Nexø
Memorial plaque on the house at Collenbuschstrasse 4 in Dresden, the last residence of MA Nexö.

Martin Andersen Nexø , also Andersen-Nexö ; actually Martin Andersen (born June 26, 1869 in Christianshavn , Copenhagen , †  June 1, 1954 in Dresden ) was a Danish writer .

Live and act

Andersen came from a poor background, was born in one of the poorest districts of Copenhagen and felt a lifelong bond with the dispossessed class. He was the first major exponent of working-class literature in Denmark, which gained in importance from the beginning of the 20th century . His family moved to Neksø on the island of Bornholm in 1877 . There he began an apprenticeship as a shoemaker in 1884.

Andersen continued his education at a community college from 1889 and around this time began to write his first newspaper articles. At the end of 1893 he fell ill with tuberculosis . He traveled to Italy and Spain to heal . These and other journeys were later incorporated into his book Sun Days . Because of a politically justified entry ban to Italy, Andersen Nexö stopped at Lake Constance and met Fritz Mauthner there .

After studying at the Askov Adult Education Center, Andersen-Nexö passed the teacher's exam in 1897 and found a job in Odense . In 1898, the year he married Margrethe Thomsen, he wrote his first cycle of short stories.

Probably his best-known and most translated work is Pelle the Conqueror (1910), in which Andersen also comes to terms with his own childhood and sensitively describes the hard life of the farmers, fishermen and workers of his time on the island of Bornholm. This part of the novel in 1987 by Danish director Bille August filmed and 1988 with the Palme d'Or from Cannes and an Oscar as Best Foreign Language Film Award. The multi-volume novel also encompasses the life of the adult Pelle, who becomes the leader of the Social Democrats.

In 1913 Andersen married Nexø for the second time; Margrethe (Grethe) Frydenlund Hansen (1889-1953) was 20 years younger than him and had trained as a teacher. After the founding of the International Workers' Aid in 1921, she was elected to the leadership of the Danish section and in 1922 invited as a delegate to the 4th World Congress of the Communist International in Moscow.

Andersen Nexø had five children with Margrethe Frydenlund: Storm, Inge, Oluf, Rolf and Morten.

In 1919 Andersen Nexø and Marie Nielsen joined the Socialistisk Arbejderparti , which in the same year merged with two other parties to form the Venstresocialistisk Parti . In 1920 the party was renamed Danmarks Kommunistiske Parti (DKP). He married for the third time in the mid-1920s; Johanna born May (1902–1977) bore him three more of his ten children and was his professional assistant until the end of his life.

As a member of the DKP, Andersen was arrested in 1941 during the German occupation of Denmark . In 1943 he escaped from prison via Sweden to the Soviet Union .

After the end of the Second World War , Andersen initially returned to Denmark. After several trips to the GDR , he moved to Radebeul in 1951 at the invitation of the then Saxon Prime Minister Max Seydewitz and finally settled in Dresden - Weißer Hirsch in 1952 . He died there on June 1, 1954 at the age of 84. He was buried in the Assistens Cemetery in Copenhagen.

Honors

In 1949 Andersen Nexø received an honorary doctorate from the University of Greifswald and in 1953 he was made an honorary citizen of the city of Dresden .

In Dresden, after Nexø's death, the villa he lived in at Collenbuschstrasse 4 was used as the Martin Andersen Nexö memorial between 1958 and 1990 . The study and its living rooms on the first floor remained unchanged.

The Martin-Andersen-Nexö-Gymnasium , the youth home "Martin Andersen Nexö" and the Martin-Andersen-Nexö-Kunstpreis were named after Nexø . Nexø is also an honorary citizen of the university and Hanseatic city of Greifswald , where a school and a square bear his name. Greifswald also honored the poet with a boulder placed under a huge poplar tree on which a metal plaque with his profile is attached. In Rüdersdorf near Berlin, the monumental, listed cultural center bears the name of the writer. Schools were also named after him in Zschopau, Marienberg, Zwickau and Briesen (Mark) . In Ilsenburg , the former Hotel Prinzess Ilse and later the rest home (demolished in 2010) at the entrance to the Ilsetal bore his name, and the Bräunsdorf youth work center near Freiberg was named after him as early as 1950 . The largest urban nursing home in Leipzig also bears his name. In 1954 the Offizin Haag Drugulin in Leipzig was renamed to Offizin Andersen Nexö (OAN).

Works

In the Danish original language

  • Det bødes der for , 1899 (German: atonement , 1902)
  • En Moder , 1900 (German: A mother , 1923)
  • The Frank family , 1901 (German: The Frank family , 1920)
  • Dryss , 1902 (German: Abundance , 1914)
  • Conquer Pelle , 1906-10 (German: Pelle the Conqueror , from 1912)
  • Ditte menneskebarn , 1917–21 (German: Ditte human child , from 1920)
  • Midt i en Jærntid , 1929 (German: Im Gottesland , 1929)
  • Erindringer , the work was originally published in Danish in 4 volumes under its own titles (1932, 1935, 1937 and 1939, German: memories , 1949)
  • Morten hin Røde , 1945 (German: Morten the Red , 1949)
  • The fortabte generation , 1948 (German: The lost generation , 1950)
  • Jeanette , 1957 (German: Jeanette , 1958; unfinished)

In German translation

  • Abundance . Translated by Hermann Kiy, Langen-Müller, Munich 1914.
  • Third human child. Translated by Hermann Kiy, Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1948. Aufbau-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-7466-5123-9 .
  • Pelle the Conqueror .
  • Memories . Translated by Ernst Harthern , Dietz, Berlin 1st edition 1949.
  • Morten the Red. Memory novel. Dietz, Berlin 4th edition 1959.
  • The Frank family. 1920.
  • Atonement. Der Bücherkreis, Berlin 1925. (Cover design: Hans Windisch ).
  • The passengers of the empty seats . Translated by Ellen Schou , Dietz, Berlin 1951.
  • The doll . Translated by Ellen Schou, Dietz, Berlin 1956.
  • Migratory birds . Translated by Ellen Schou, Insel-Verlag, Leipzig 1957 ( Insel-Bücherei 584).
  • Flying summer . Übers. Ellen Schou, Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin 1969.
  • Abundance. Rowohlt, Reinbek. ISBN 3-499-40025-1 .
  • Sunny days. Travel pictures from Andalusia. (Travel reports from Italy and Spain; construction edition, Berlin 2000 with subtitles ... from the south. ) Georg Merseburger, Leipzig 1909, frequent new editions.
    • Excerpt: The Gypsies . Translated by Emilie Stein. In Adalbert Keil (ed.): The people of the night. Gypsy stories. Row: Goldmanns Yellow TB # 1614. Munich 1964. (anthology) pp. 12–24.
  • Bornholm novels. Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin, Weimar 3rd edition 1991, ISBN 3-351-00560-1 .

Film adaptations

literature

  • KK Nicolaisen: Martin Andersen Nexö, a literary sketch. Oskar Wöhrle Verlag, Konstanz 1923.
  • Svend Erichsen: Martin Andersen Nexø. H. Hirschsprungs Forlag, Copenhagen 1938.
  • Walter Berendsohn: Martin Andersen Nexö's way into world literature. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1949.
  • Max Zimmering : Martin Andersen Nexö. New Life Publishing House, Berlin 1952.
  • Børge Houmann: Martin Andersen Nexø, bibliografi - med indledning and biografiske noter pa dansk and tysk. Forlaget Sirius, Arhus 1961.
  • Franz Hammer: Martin Andersen Nexö. His life in pictures. Publishing house encyclopedia, Leipzig 1963.
  • Max Zimmering: Martin Andersen Nexö, A Life Picture. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1963.
  • Walter Berendsohn: Martin Andersen Nexö as a poet and a person. 1966.
  • Martin Andersen Nexö, life and work. Martin-Andersen-Nexö-Memorial, Dresden undated
  • Martin Andersen Nexö, on the 110th birthday and 25th anniversary of death. City and District Library, Dresden 1979.
  • Børge Houmann: Martin Andersen Nexø og hans samtid 1869–1919, ~ 1919–1933, ~ 1933–1945 (Martin Andersen Nexö and his time, comprehensive biography) Gyldendal , Copenhagen 1981.
  • Faith and Niels Ingwersen: Quest for a Promised Land: The Works of Martin Andersen Nexø. Greenwood Press, Westport / London 1984, ISBN 0-313-24469-3 .
  • Henrik Yde: Det grundtvigske i Martin Andersen Nexø's liv. (The Grundtvig element in the life of Martin Andersen Nexös) Dissertation . 2 volumes. Wind rose, Copenhagen 1991, ISBN 87-7456-405-6 .
  • Aldo Keel: The defiant Dane Martin Andersen Nexø. A biography. Construction Verlag, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-7466-2051-1 .

Web links

Commons : Martin Andersen Nexø  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Martin Andersen Nexø  - Quotes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mauthner reports on this in the dedication of the new edition of his Spinoza script from 1906 in 1921. (online)
  2. ↑ Kathrin Wallrabe (Ed.): Johanna Andersen Nexö, born. May. Wife and employee of Martin Andersen Nexö. In: Frauenzimmer - women in the room? Text collection. City of Radebeul, Radebeul 2005, p. 24.
  3. ↑ Collenbuschstrasse. dresdner-stadtteile.de, accessed on March 28, 2016 .
  4. ↑ Herbert Wotte, Siegfried Hoyer: City Guide Atlas Dresden . 1st edition. VEB Tourist Verlag, Berlin / Leipzig 1978, p. 87 .
personal data
SURNAME Andersen Nexø, Martin
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Andersen Nexö, Martin; Andersen, Martin (real name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Danish writer
DATE OF BIRTH June 26, 1869
PLACE OF BIRTH Copenhagen
DATE OF DEATH June 1, 1954
Place of death Dresden