Mulberry-leaved nettle

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Mulberry-leaved nettle
Urtica morifolia kz2.JPG

Mulberry-leaved nettle ( Urtica morifolia )

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Nettle family (Urticaceae)
Tribe : Urticeae
Genre : Nettles ( urtica )
Type : Mulberry-leaved nettle
Scientific name
Urtica morifolia
Poir.

The Maulbeerblättrige nettle ( Urtica morifolia ) is a plant from the genus of nettle ( Urtica ). It is native to the Canaries and Madeira and is referred to by the common Spanish name Ortigón.

description

The mulberry-leaved nettle grows as a subshrub and reaches heights of 40 to 100 cm. The branch axle woody at the bottom and is like many other nettle with fuel and bristle hair occupied. The oppositely arranged, long-stalked leaves are 5 to 10 cm long and 3 to 7 cm wide, ovate to ovate-lanceolate and heart-shaped to slightly heart-shaped at the base. The leaf margin is roughly serrated to notched with sometimes irregularly large teeth. Per node there are two stipules with two columns at the tip, 4 to 6 mm long.

The small, inconspicuous unisexual panicles stand on a relatively long inflorescence stalk. The female inflorescences are always shorter than the leaves and are usually in the lower part of the stem. In contrast, the male inflorescences are as long as the leaves or longer and are at the top. The male flowers sit exclusively on the upper side of the inflated inflorescence axis.

The flowering period extends from April to July.

ecology

The mulberry-leaved nettle is known as a host plant for the following polyphagous butterflies:

Occurrence

The mulberry-leaved nettle is native to the western Canary Islands El Hierro , La Gomera , La Palma , Tenerife and Gran Canaria and to Madeira , where it is only found on the main island. The few occurrences on the Azores islands of Sao Miguel and Terceira are considered to be introduced.

This shade-loving nettle occurs mainly on the north side of the islands in the laurel forest level . It mainly settles blackberry hedges and the undergrowth of laurel forests and their substitute bushes (Fayal-Brezal) and gorges at altitudes between 500 and 1400 meters. The mulberry-leaved nettle grows in moist, nitrogen-rich and warm soils .

In the plant sociological system, the Urtica morifolia is regarded as a character species of the Rubio periclymeni-Rubion ulmifolii association, which includes the Canary Islands blackberry hedges.

The mulberry-leaved nettle is considered safe in the Canary Islands.

Use as a medicinal plant

In Canarian folk medicine, the mulberry-leaved nettle was used for tuberculosis and pneumonia . It is an expectorant and is therefore in cough , bronchitis , asthma and other diseases of the respiratory tract used. The leaves and shoot tips are used. The main active ingredients are mucilage , tannins , amines ( histamine and acetylcholine ) and mineral salts . The plant is also used against kidney stones and osteoarthritis and as a tonic for the scalp , as it has a diuretic and cleansing effect. The mulberry-leaved nettle is given as an infusion or pressed juice .

literature

  • David Bramwell, Zoë Bramwell: Wild Flowers of the Canary Islands . 2nd Edition. Editorial Rueda SL , Alorcón 2001, ISBN 84-7207-129-4 , p. 108 .
  • Hanno Schäfer: Flora of the Azores. A field guide . Markgraf, Weikersheim 2002, ISBN 3-8236-1368-5 , p. 50 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ HA Weddell: Monograph des Urticées. Gide et J. Badry, Paris 1856, p. 92, ( preview in the Google book search) (lat.)
  2. ↑ a b c d e f J. Robert Press, MJ Short (Ed.): Flora of Madeira. The Natural History Museum and HMSO, London 1994, ISBN 0-11-310017-5 , p. 60.
  3. ^ A b Adalbert Hohenester, Walter Welss: Excursion flora for the Canary Islands. With views of the whole of Macaronesia . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3466-7 , pp. 55 ( PDF file; 23.2 MB ).
  4. ↑ a b Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder: Kosmos Atlas Mediterranean and Canary Islands flora. Over 1600 species. Updated special edition of the 2nd edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-440-12571-7 , p. 22.
  5. ↑ Peter Schönfelder, Ingrid Schönfelder: The Kosmos-Kanarenflora. Over 1000 species of the Canary Islands flora and 60 tropical ornamental trees. 3. Edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2012, ISBN 978-3-440-12607-3 , p. 68.
  6. ↑ Wolfgang Wagner: Butterflies and their ecology: Euplexia euplexina . , accessed December 22, 2012.
  7. ↑ Wolfgang Wagner: Butterflies and their ecology: Vanessa vulcanica (Canary Admiral). , accessed December 22, 2012.
  8. ↑ Lepiforum (Ed.): Identification aid for the butterfly species found in Europe. Vanessa vulcania (Godart, 1819) - Canary Admiral . Retrieved December 22, 2012.
  9. ↑ Wolfgang Wagner: Butterflies and their ecology: Mniotype schumacheri . , accessed January 12, 2013.
  10. ^ Hanno Schäfer: Flora of the Azores. A field guide . Markgraf, Weikersheim 2002, ISBN 3-8236-1368-5 , p. 50 .
  11. ↑ Eduardo Barquín Díez, Volker Voggenreiter: Prodromus del atlas fitocorológico de las Canarias occidentales. Part I: Flora autóctona y especies de interés especial. VII. ICONA, 1988, p. 1224 PDF file (with distribution maps).
  12. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer: Plant-sociological studies on Tenerife and Gomera (Canary Islands). In: Contributions to natural history research in southwest Germany. Volume 24, 1965, ISSN  0005-8122 , pp. 47-104.
  13. ↑ a b Salvador Rivas-Martínez , Wolfredo Wildpret de la Torre, Marcelino del Arco Aguilar, Octavio Rodríguez, Pedro Luis Pérez de Paz, Antonio García Gallo, Juan Ramón Acebes Ginóves, Tomás E. Diaz, Federico Fernández González: Las comunidades vegetales de la Isla de Tenerife (Islas Canarias). In: Itinera Geobotanica. Volume 7, ISSN  0213-8530 , pp. 169-374 (here: pp. 223-225).
  14. ↑ Luis Ceballos y Fernández de Córdoba, Francisco Ortuño Medina: Estudio sobre la vegetación y la flora forestal de las Canarias occidentales. Ministerio de Agricultura. Dirección General de Montes, Caza y Pesca Fluvial. Instituto Forestal de Investigacionse y Experiencias, Madrid 1951, p. 336, PDF file
  15. ↑ a b Jorge Cruz: Plantas Medicinales. Ortigón. In: Bienmesabe. Volume 338, 2010, ISSN  1885-6039 , online.

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