Mikinosuke Kawaishi

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Kawaishi (center) 1951 honoring the European champion Jean de Herdt

Mikinosuke Kawaishi ( Japanese 川 石 酒 造 之 助 , Kawaishi Mikinosuke ; born August 13, 1899 in Himeji ; † January 30, 1969 in Le Plessis-Robinson ) was a Japanese Jiu Jitsu and judo professor ( Sensei ) and a pioneer of judo in France . He was posthumously honored by the International Judo Federation with the 10th Dan in Judo and Jiu Jitsu.

Life

Kawaishi began his career as a jiu jitsu and judo professor in Kyoto , where he was extensively introduced to the Budo arts of Japan as a student in Butokuden , the dojo of Dainippon Butokukai . He then studied at Waseda University and became a teacher. It is not known exactly which Jiu Jitsu fighting style he preferred. In England there are still practice groups today who practice his fighting style, a variant of Aiki Jiu Jitsu , under the name Kawaishi Ryu Jiu Jitsu . In the mid-1920s, Kawaishi traveled through the United States , where he demonstrated Budo martial arts in various locations. In New York City and San Diego he gave courses in Jiu Jitsu, Judo and self-defense . In 1928 he came to Great Britain and founded a Jiu Jitsu and Judo school in Liverpool with Gunji Koizumi , with whom he worked for more than 10 years . Koizumi, who founded the first Japanese martial arts sports club in Europe in 1918, the Budokwai in London , and who taught judo at Oxford University, is the founding father of English judo. In 1931 Kawaishi founded the Victoria Working Men's Club , an Anglo-Japanese judo club, in London . He also participated with Koizumi in the Jiu Jitsu and Judo training of students in Oxford. Asian martial arts were still relatively unknown in England at that time, so that Kawaishi could not make a living with it alone. That is why he also performed successfully as a professional wrestler under the name Matsuda and fought against wrestlers and professional boxers in event halls .

At the end of 1931 he returned to Japan for a short time, where the Kodokan awarded him the 3rd Dan Judo. He renewed his acquaintance with Jigoro Kano , with whom he remained in contact from Europe even after his return from Japan. After the Kōdōkan Kawaishi had awarded the 4th Dan in 1935, the French police hired him as a hand-to-hand combat instructor . In October 1935 he moved to Paris , where in July 1936 he founded the first Jiu Jitsu school in the Latin Quarter , the Club Franco-Japonais . There he welcomed his first Paris judo student, Maurice Cottreau, on July 28th . Through Kano's mediation, Moshé Feldenkrais also began to study Jiu Jitsu and Judo with Kawaishi. With Feldenkrais, to whom the Kōdōkan had awarded the 1st Dan as the first European, Kawaishi founded the Jiu Jitsu Club de France in 1936 . At the end of 1937, Kawaishi and Feldenkrais finally integrated the Franco-Japonais Club into the Jiu Jitsu Club de France .

Evening event of the Jiu Jitsu Club de France on February 10, 1939. Row of visitors in the center of the picture from left: Charles Faroux , Irène Joliot-Curie , Jean Zay with his wife, Frédéric Joliot and Léon Eyrolles . In the row behind it, marked from the left: Jean Andrivet, Mikinosuke Kawaishi and Moshé Feldenkrais

Kano awarded Kawaishi the 5th Dan in 1938 and empowered him to carry out Dan exams and awards for the Kōdōkan in Europe. Kawaishi then awarded his first French student, Maurice Cottreau, the black belt in 1939 . Together with Feldenkrais, Kawaishi began to document judo teaching methods and fighting techniques in a series of photos. However, work with this teaching material was interrupted by the Second World War. Kawaishi and Feldenkrais later used the photographs in several publications and judo books after the war.

During the war, Kawaishi returned to Japan in 1943 and was captured in Manchuria . After his release from captivity, he resumed teaching in Europe. Together with Feldenkrais and the French Budo athletes Jean Andrivet , Henri Birnbaum , Maurice Cottreau, Jean de Herdt , Henry Plée and Paul Bonet-Maury , he founded the Judo Club de France in 1946 , from which the French Judo Federation (Fédération française de judo, jujitsu , kendo et disciplines associées, FFJDA ). The FFJDA is now the national sports association of judoka and budo athletes in France. With Koizumi, Kawaishi organized an international judo competition for the first time in 1947, with the best British and French judoka competing against each other in the fight for the Kawaishi Cup . In the French Judo Federation , Kawaishi took over the function of technical director from 1948 to 1961 and shaped the successful development of judo in France for a long time with his coaching and teaching activities. For his services he was awarded the 10th Dan. Kawaishi lived in the Paris area from 1948 to 1969 and is buried in the cemetery in Le Plessis-Robinson.

Kawaishi method

With his many years of experience as a judo teacher in England and France, Kawaishi had come to the conviction that the methods of the Japanese judo school, as represented by the Kōdōkan, did not fit well with the mentality and culture of European martial artists. In Europe, wrestling and boxing had their own traditions, which Kawaishi wanted to take into account when introducing Japanese martial arts with appropriate adaptations and changes. In coordination with the Kodokan and in collaboration with Koizumi and Feldenkrais, he developed the Kawaishi method for judo and judo self-defense. This method is an intuitive teaching system with a special sequence of techniques that judoka should learn, train and develop in order to acquire the Kyū and Dan degrees. The belt colors he introduced for the Kyu degrees and the mastery of particular attack and defense techniques, which can be demonstrated for the respective Kyu, first established themselves in England and France and then throughout Europe. Kawaishi attached great importance to kata training and made Kyuzo Mifune's Gonosen No Kata known in Europe with his special counter techniques. The Kawaishi method was adapted in many European judo associations from the mid-1950s with minor and major modifications.

Influence on judo training in Germany

Since the 1920s there has been a relatively independent development of Jiu Jitsu and Judo in Germany. In doing so, they dwelt less on Japanese Kodokan traditions. The instructors and trainers responsible for martial arts in Germany referred instead to the methods of Erich Rahn and Alfred Rhodes , with the International Judo Summer School of the 1st DJC in Frankfurt am Main making a decisive contribution in the 1930s. During visits to Germany, Jigoro Kano last tried to establish a stronger relationship with the Kodokan in 1938, but was unable to prevent the Specialist Office for Heavy Athletics of the National Socialist Reich Association for Physical Exercise (NSRL) from developing and enforcing independent German competition, examination and graduation regulations . In the positions responsible for judo in the NSRL, Kawaishi had discredited himself in particular through his close cooperation with the Jew Feldenkrais. So the NSRL heavy athletics denied Kawaishi and carried out their own Dan graduations independently of the Kodokan. After the end of the Second World War, judo was banned by the occupying powers in Germany until 1948/49. After the ban was lifted, the rules of NSRL heavy athletics were initially revived in the occupation zones. The few German Dan bearers in East and West Germany were in the lead.

In East Germany , the Dan bearers, led by Hans Becker , the chairman of the Dan-Kollegium in the GDR , Lothar Skorning , the president of the "Judo Section" in the German Sports Committee and Horst Wolf , the chairman of the Judo coaching council, when judo began again in the 1950s, to increasingly rely on the teachings of the Kodokan and the Kawaishi method . The methods and regulations of the NSRL heavy athletics should not play a role in the training of judo trainers and the design of judo training in the GDR. Based on the traditional Gokyo from 1920 and the Kawaishi method , teaching material for the development of the training and graduation system in GDR judo was created, which Horst Wolf published in book form.

In West Germany , the Deutsche Dan-Kollegium , founded by Alfred Rhode in 1952, based on the revised graduation rules of the former NSRL heavy athletics with stronger references to the Kodokan, was authorized to teach judo in Germany in the name of the Kodokan and to teach both Kyū and Dan exams to decrease. Kawaishi, who in the meantime had been awarded the 7th Dan by the Kodokan, did not (yet) play a role, so that elements of the Kawaishi method are traditionally more within the scope of the former German Judo Association of the GDR.

Works (selection)

  • Ma method de judo. , Éd. Cario, 1951.
  • Ma method de self-defense. , Éd. Cario, 1952.
  • Enchainements et contreprises du Judo debout. , Éd. Publi-Judo, 1959.
  • Standing Judo: The Combinations and Counter-attacks. , Foulsham, Marlow , 1963.
  • Ma méthode secrète de judo , Adapté par Bouthinon André, Éd. Publi-Judo, 1960 et 1964.
  • Les Katas complets du Judo. , Éd. Chiron, 1967 (Translation into English: The Complete 7 Katas of Judo. , Overlook, London, 1982, ISBN 0-879-51156-7 ).

literature

  • Henry Plée: Judo in France (Published in: Robert W. Smith: A Complete Guide to Judo: It's Story and Practice. , Charles E. Tuttle Co., Clarendon , 1958)
  • James G. Shortt, Katsuharu Hashimoto : Beginning Jiu-Jitsu: Ryoi Shinto Style. , Paul H. Crompton Ltd., London, 1979, ISBN 978-0-901764-42-3 .
  • John Corcoran , Emil Farkas : Martial Arts: History, Traditions, People. , Gallery Books, New York City, 1987, ISBN 978-0-8317-5805-9 .
  • Michel Brousse: Les racines du judo français. Histoire d'une culture sportive , Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, 2005, ISBN 2-867-81368-9 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bernard Lachaise , Jean-Luc Rougé : Les racines du judo français: histoire d'une culture sportive. , Presses universitaires de Bordeaux, 2005, ISBN 978-2-86781-368-9
  2. ↑ See: Standing Judo: The Combinations and Counter-attacks.
  3. ↑ See: Higher Judo. Ground Work (KATAME-WAZA).
  4. ↑ Mikinosuke Kawaishi: Ma méthode de Judo. , 1951, and Ma méthode de self-defense. , 1952, Éd. Cario
  5. ↑ See Kata (Jūdō) (Kawaishi Version)
  6. ↑ Systems: Â Kodokan - Gokyo no Waza from 1920. Retrieved January 22, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Horst Wolf: Judo-Kampfsport , 1955, Judo for advanced learners , 1957, and Judo self-defense , 1958, Sportverlag Berlin
personal data
SURNAME Kawaishi, Mikinosuke
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kawaishi, Mikonosuke; Matsuda; Kawaeshi; 川 石 酒 造 之 助 (Japanese)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Japanese Jiu Jitsu and Judo professor, pioneer of Jiu Jitsu and Jūdō in France
DATE OF BIRTH August 13, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Himeji
DATE OF DEATH January 30, 1969
Place of death Le Plessis-Robinson