Yellow juggler flower

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Yellow juggler flower
Yellow juggler flower (Mimulus guttatus)

Yellow juggler flower ( Mimulus guttatus )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Juggler flower family (Phrymaceae)
Genre : Juggler flowers ( Mimulus )
Type : Yellow juggler flower
Scientific name
Mimulus guttatus
DC.

The yellow Gauklerblume ( Mimulus guttata ), also spotted Gauklerblume or Ordinary Gauklerblume called, is a species of the genus of Mimulus ( Mimulus ). It originally comes from North America, is naturalized in Europe and is also used as an ornamental plant. It is also placed as Erythranthe guttata (DC.) GLNesom in the genus Erythranthe .

description

illustration
The yellow juggler flower grows on moist soils and on clean river banks.

Vegetative organs

The yellow juggler flower is an annual or perennial herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 30 to 50 (5 to 90) centimeters. The green stem is upright or arching and can be branched simply or expansively. It is slightly square, hollow and more or less hairy in the upper area.

Of the opposite leaves , the lower ones are stalked and the upper ones seated or partially encompassing the stem. The simple leaf blade is ovate or sometimes heart-shaped with a length of 2 to 10 centimeters and a width of up to 6 centimeters. In the inflorescence area, the leaf size can be greatly reduced ( bracts ). The leaf edge is irregularly serrated, but can also be almost smooth.

Inflorescence, flower, fruit and seeds

The flowering period extends from June to September. The loose, racemose inflorescence is hairy glandular to downy. It typically bears three to seven flowers in pairs in the axils of the upper leaves. The flower stalks are 12 to 25 millimeters long.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five green sepals are fused. The calyx teeth are clearly unequal, the upper two slightly larger than the rest. The five yellow petals are fused into a 2 to 4.5 centimeter long corolla tube. The upright to turned back upper lip is bilobed. The three-lobed lower lip is often red-dotted and its hairy ridges often close the throat to a large extent. There are only four stamens . The stylus ends in a two-lobed scar.

The double capsule fruit contains numerous, small seeds.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28, 48 or 56.

ecology

The yellow juggler flower is a hemikryptophyte (half rosette or stem plant) or a marsh plant .

The flowers are pronounced two-lipped, imperfect "mask flowers ". The entrance to the crown is closed with the exception of a narrow gap through the lips. The bilobed scars are seismonastic due to vibrations and collapse within a few seconds. If no pollen is deposited, the movement is reversible. The recovery phase is ½ to 1 hour. The pollination carried out by insects, especially bees .

The seeds spread by wind or by swimming . Due to the spread of people, the yellow juggler flower is a refugee from culture. The seeds are light germs .

Occurrence

The yellow juggler flower originally comes from western North America . It was first introduced to Europe as an ornamental plant and then feral. It was first observed as a wild plant in Scotland in 1814, and then also in England and Northern Germany in 1824. It spreads along the rivers. In the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria, it rises on a forest road east of the Lower Wilhelmine to an altitude of 1360 meters.

The yellow juggler flower occurs in damp and wet places such as brook and river banks, ditches and springs. It prefers lime-poor, basic, gravelly or sandy-loamy soil . It spreads quickly via rapidly rooting runners . Where the neophyte is naturalized, it fits into the vegetation without displacing other species. In Central Europe it occurs mainly in societies of the associations Sparganio-Glycerion fluitantis, Cardamino-Montion or Agropyro-Rumicion.

use

The juggler flower is also used as a decorative component in plant mats for bank reinforcement, e.g. B. in ponds and lakes, which can be seen as a flora falsification in near-natural areas .

literature

  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 5 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Buddlejaceae to Caprifoliaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3342-3 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 4 : Nightshade plants to daisy plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Mimulus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  833 .
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 428.

Web links

Commons : Yellow Juggler Flower ( Mimulus guttatus )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files