Sphagnum magellanicum
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Sphagnum magellanicum |
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Sphagnum magellanicum is a peat moss belongingto the genus Sphagnum , Section Sphagnum, and iseasily recognizable by its reddish color and the strikingly large leaves. It is mainly called “Magellan's Peat Moss” or “Middle Peat Moss” in German-speaking countries. It was developed by the members of the Bryological-Lichenological Working Group for Central Europe e. V. (BLAM) voted Moss of the Year 2016.
features
Sphagnum magellanicum forms plants up to 20 cm long, which can be dull dark or bluish red, purple to deep purple or carmine red in color and whose red color is caused by sphagnorubine . Occasionally, greenish plants also appear. They always grow in cushions or form bulbs. 4 to 5 branches come together in clusters, from which 2 or 3 branches protrude. The other hanging branches are close to the trunk.
The weakly fibrous, thin-walled epidermis of the trunk is usually four-layered, with the outer walls usually having 1 or 2 (rarely up to 4) small holes. The scleroderma is reddish, reddish brown, or purple. The flat, almost rectangular, tongue-shaped stem leaves lie close to the carmine-red stem and have no wing cells.
The hollow, lanceolate branch leaves run out into a broad, rounded tip. They are usually tiled on the branches. They are seldom slightly protruding. The hyalocytes have large, round pores on the inner surface of the leaf near the lateral edges. On the outside, the pores stand together in twos or threes. The small, elliptically shaped chlorocytes are usually smooth, appear centered in the cross-section of the branch leaves and are completely enclosed by the large hyalocytes.
There is actually only a risk of confusion with reddish forms of Sphagnum palustre . In the cross-section of the branch leaves, however, it can be clearly distinguished by the centered position of the chlorocytes.
Distribution and location
Sphagnum magellanicum is circumpolar and occurs throughout Central Europe. The peat moss is characteristic of the central areas of intact, ombrotrophic rain bogs , where it grows or forms on so-called bulten . Today it is particularly widespread in not excessively drained raised bog remains. It is rarely involved in the formation of vibrating lawn . Its pH optimum is in the very acidic range between 2 and 4.5. In addition, the mean peat moss can be found in strongly acidic intermediate bogs and in bog forests. The peat moss can withstand a certain amount of shade, but then mostly remains green. It prefers evenly moistened peat soils and avoids areas that are flooded for longer. It is relatively insensitive to temporary dehydration and can regenerate.
The middle peat moss is the characteristic species of the plant communities of the raised bog societies (Oxycocco-Sphagnetea). Typical companion mosses are the reddish peat moss ( Sphagnum rubellum ), the narrow-leaved or short-leaved peat moss ( Sphagnum angustifolium ), the deceptive peat moss ( Sphagnum fallax ), the brown peat moss ( Sphagnum fuscum ) or Girgensohns Torfmoos ( Sphagnum fuscum ).
Hazards and protective measures
Sphagnum magellanicum is endangered by habitat destruction.
At European level, like all peat mosses, the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive (FFH Directive for short) provides the option of taking protective measures that can regulate extraction or use (Appendix V) and prescribe the establishment of protected areas ( Appendix I).
In German federal law, the species - again like all peat moss - is listed in Appendix 1 of the Federal Species Protection Ordinance - BArtSchV for short - and thus placed under special protection. The Federal Republic of Germany assesses the species nationwide in hazard category 3 as endangered.
literature
- Christian Berg: Mosses Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania VII: Determination aid for incorporation into the genus Sphagnum (peat moss). In: Nature and nature conservation in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Vol. 31, 1995, ISSN 1430-3361 , pp. 93-102.
- Klaus Dierßen: Identification key of the peat moss in Northern Germany (= notifications from the Geobotany Working Group in Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg. Issue 50). Geobotany Working Group in Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg, Kiel 1996, ISBN 3-00-000730-X .
- Wolfgang Frey , Jan-Peter Frahm , Eberhard Fischer, Wolfram Lobin : The moss and fern plants of Europe (= small cryptogam flora. Vol. 4). Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart et al. 1995, ISBN 3-437-30756-8 .
- Gerhard Ludwig: Excursion identification key of the Sphagnes of Central Europe. BfN-Schriftenvertrieb im Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 2005, ISBN 3-7843-3856-9 .
- Martin Nebel, Georg Philippi (ed.): The mosses of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 3: Special Part (Bryophyta: Sphagnopsida, Marchantiophyta, Anthocerotophyta). Ulmer, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8001-3278-8 .
- Anthony JE Smith: The Moss Flora Of Britain And Ireland. 2nd, revised edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge et al. 2004, ISBN 0-521-54672-9 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Search in the website "Species Protection in the Federal Nature Conservation Act" and the list of the species currently occurring in Baden-Württemberg in Annexes II, IV and V of the Habitats Directive. (No longer available online.) State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg, September 30, 2006, archived from the original on November 3, 2013 ; Retrieved May 12, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Lists of particularly protected plant and fungus species in Thuringia. (No longer available online.) Free State of Thuringia State Institute for Environment and Geology, archived from the original on November 3, 2013 ; Retrieved November 1, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Moss of the year 2016 ( Memento of the original from November 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Sphagnaceae. In: Korseby Online. Retrieved October 11, 2010 .
- ↑ Sphagnum girgensohnii . with reference to Sphagnum magellanicum . In: Flora of North America. eFloras.org, accessed October 11, 2010 .
- ↑ List of the species occurring in Germany in Annexes II, IV, V of the Habitats Directive (92/43 / EEC). (PDF 5.17KB) Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, March 29, 2010, accessed on May 12, 2010 .
- ↑ Directive 92/43 / EEC (Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive) in the consolidated version of January 1, 2007 , accessed on May 12, 2010
Web links
Silver pear moss (2005) | Spring moss (2006) | Upholstery pillow moss (2007) | Pretty Gold Hair Moss (2008) | Common white moss (2009) | Golden Women's Hair Moss (2010) | Tännchenmoos (2011) | Green Koboldmoss (2012) | Well liver moss (2013) | Hedwigia ciliata (2014) | Leuchtmoos (2015) | Sphagnum magellanicum (2016) | Soft Combed Moss (2017) | Genuine apple moss (2018) | Cryphaea heteromalla (2019)
