Monrepos (research center)

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Monrepos - Archaeological Research Center and Museum of Human Behavioral Evolution
Monrepos - Archaeological Research Center and Museum of Human Behavioral Evolution
Logo of the research center Monrepos
Membership: Leibniz Association
Facility location: Monrepos Castle, 56567 Neuwied
Type of research: archeology
Management: Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser
Employee: approx. 30
Homepage: monrepos-rgzm.de

Monrepos - Archaeological Research Center and Museum for Human Behavioral Evolution in Neuwied is a facility of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum , Leibniz Research Institute for Archeology.

The research center is dedicated to researching the development of our current behavior in the Paleolithic and Mesolithic by examining archaeological finds from all corners of the earth and placing them in a development-historical context.

It is one of the leading institutions for research into early human history .

The knowledge he has gained is conveyed in a lifelike and memorable way both in the interactive exhibition "Human Understanding" and with the help of a wide range of events and workshops.

It is housed in the former "Prinzessinnenpalais" of the former summer residence Monrepos .

structure

Monrepos is a facility of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum - Research Institute for Archeology (RGZM) , which is one of the research museums of the Leibniz Association . It is also the training location of the Institute for Classical Studies at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz . Another sponsor is the Prince Maximilian zu Wied Foundation . Furthermore, the Förderkreis Altsteinzeit eV supports research, communication and teaching.

location

Monrepos Castle ( French: "My peace") is located in the historical recreational area between the UNESCO World Heritage Upper Middle Rhine Valley and Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes . The former summer residence of the Princely House of Wied is located on the heights above the town of Neuwied , in the midst of extensive forests on the edge of the Westerwald . Long-distance hiking trails such as the Rheinsteig , the Limeswanderweg and the Rheinhöhenweg intersect here . Monrepos Castle was the focal point of the historic building ensemble of the Princes of Wied from the 18th and 19th centuries.

history

Monrepos Castle 2013 after the renovation work

The former widow's residence, originally called "Waldheim", was built in 1909. Prince Friedrich Wilhelm zu Wied brought the palace into the Prince Maximilian zu Wied Foundation in 1986 .

Two years earlier, the discovery and research of world-famous Paleolithic sites in the Neuwied Basin (e.g. Niederbieber , Gönnersdorf , Bad Breisig ) led to the establishment of the Paleolithic research area of ​​the RGZM , which moved into Monrepos Castle in 1988 . In the same year, the Museum for the Archeology of the Ice Age at Monrepos Castle was opened.

Under its founder, Gerhard Bosinski , the Paleolithic research area was closely linked to the Institute for Prehistory and Protohistory at the University of Cologne . Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser , Institute for Pre- and Protohistory at the University of Mainz , has been the head of the house since 2003 .

In 2005, the permanent exhibition of the Museum of Ice Age Archeology was modernized. Comprehensive renovation and expansion measures at Monrepos Castle caused the museum to be temporarily closed in 2011. The new permanent exhibition “Human Understanding” opened on July 15, 2014.

Until 2012 Monrepos was called the “Research Area Paleolithic” of the RGZM and “Museum for the Archeology of the Ice Age”. As part of the redesign of the museum and the strategic realignment of the research institute and museum, they were renamed Monrepos - Archaeological Research Center and Museum for Human Behavioral Evolution .

Temporal and geographical research framework

Research at Monrepos covers the early human history of the Old World from its inception to the beginning of agriculture and ranching. In the 1980s and early 1990s, the focus was on researching the rich sites of the Neuwied Basin and its surroundings: The 600,000 year old site in Miesenheim is one of the oldest settlement sites in Central Europe. The Neanderthal sites on the Eastern Eifel volcanoes such as the pig's head, the "Wannen", the Tönchesberg and the Plaidter Hummerich are the only places where this type of Neanderthal man settled in the world. Important archives of the Magdalenian were excavated and researched at the Andernach and Gönnersdorf sites . The sites of Niederbieber , Bad Breisig , Kettig, Urbar and Andernach-Martinsberg explored by Monrepos date back to the late Ice Age (penknife) , the correlation of which allows unique insights into the use of the landscape at that time.

Since the late 1990s, the geographical scope of research in Monrepos has expanded. The Ubeidia and Gesher Benot Ya'aqov (Israel) sites were investigated in international cooperation projects. With Dmanisi (Georgia) Monrepos has excavated the oldest Eurasian site with human remains. Current excavation projects are investigating the oldest sites in Eastern Europe in Romania and the behavior of early modern people in Morocco at the Taforalt site . The oldest jewelry known to man was found here.

Research on the Mesolithic, such as at the Duvensee or Bedburg-Königshoven sites , is the most recent in MONREPOS chronologically.

Research model

The aim of the research and communication work is the understanding of the essential behavioral characteristics of today's humans, the bases of which developed in the Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age 2.5 million years ago to about 7500 years ago.

Monrepos is one of the few archaeological research institutions that are based on their own research model. It defines the research goal and conveys the procedure necessary to achieve it. The research model is based on an integrative, holistic understanding of research. It thus removes the traditional faculty boundaries between humanities and natural sciences . The research model links various sources and contexts diachronically with one another. They are bundled into three research units: "Time slices", "Strategies" and "Social organization". “Time slices” is dedicated to the complex of questions where, when and under what framework conditions human behavior manifests itself. The research units “Strategies” and “Social Organization” seek to identify survival strategies and behavioral patterns as well as their social embedding.

The research model is oriented diachronically and in perspective. This means that it systematically takes perspectives from different time and resolution levels. Large image areas offer orientation, smaller ones a selectively high resolution. Through the synthetic comparison of the three investigation units and the comparative transfer between the different levels of time and resolution, the development of human behavior in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic can be reconstructed.

Research priorities

Particularly relevant research topics for the understanding of early human behavior development are the development of nutrition, mobility, settlement behavior and landscape use of the Paleolithic and Mesolithic hunters and gatherers.

Calibration and dating programs

Since the mid-1980s, Monrepos has been working on building and refining the absolute chronology of the European Paleolithic. To this end, extensive dating programs for the Upper Paleolithic were initiated. Innovative calibration methods were discovered by Olaf Jöris (Monrepos) and Bernhard Weninger (University of Cologne). By linking them to high-resolution climate data, they allow increasingly more accurate calibration of increasingly older radiocarbon data. The Calpal calibration program based on this was developed by Olaf Jöris and Bernhard Weninger in the mid-1990s.

nutrition

Big game hunting plays a special role in the development of early human nutrition. In their research, Monrepos has set international standards through a sophisticated apparatus of archaeozoological methods and diachronic research. This is the first time that archaeological evidence of early human big game hunting and its evolutionary significance was made. Currently hunting from the Neanderthal period in the context of landscape use is being investigated at cave sites such as the Balver Cave or Kulna Cave and at the largest open-air site of the Middle Paleolithic, in Neumark-Nord .

Further research projects on the subject of nutrition focus on the late Ice Age and the early Holocene . Work on the residential areas of Duvensee was the first to demonstrate the importance of plant food (hazelnuts) in the early post-ice age.

Settlement behavior

Analyzes of the development of settlement behavior and landscape use or their deciphering from the archaeological findings are a further research focus in Monrepos. Area excavations of large Paleolithic or Paleolithic open-air sites, such as those in Gönnersdorf in particular, focused on the systematic research of settlement structures from the start. Current research uses innovative GIS-based geostatistical methods that enable verifiable quantitative analyzes of settlement dynamics. The large spectrum of examined settlement areas enables a diachronic reconstruction of the development of settlement behavior and landscape use as a function of environmental change and socio-economic backgrounds. Current research projects are investigating the development of settlement behavior and landscape use in Bilzingsleben, Neumark-Nord, Niederbieber , Breitenbach , the Magdalenahöhle , Duvensee , Gönnersdorf , Andernach, Oelknitz .

art

Representations of Venus from Gönnersdorf

The analytical-integrative approach to Paleolithic art is another special feature of the work in Monrepos. It began with the discovery and processing of the famous Magdalenian-era engraved slate slabs in Gönnersdorf by Gerhard Bosinski . For the first time, comprehensive evidence of palaeolithic art was also available in Central Europe. Since then, women of the "Gönnersdorf type" have been a permanent and internationally adapted figure in art research. The art analyzes in Monrepos are characterized by their contextual approach and focus on design principles and manufacturing techniques. They are currently being examined through 3D analyzes of the slate slabs.

Experimental archeology

In Monrepos, systematic controlled experiments have been carried out under laboratory conditions on hunting techniques, animal cutting and taphonomy since the 1980s .

In this context, as part of an international study led by Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser, the oldest undoubted hunting injuries in human history were investigated and reproduced precisely in an innovative, experimental ballistic test setup with the help of the most modern motion sensors.

Human Roots Award

In 2017, the Archaeological Research Center and Museum for Human Behavioral Evolution founded the Human Roots Award . The aim of the international archeology award is to "promote interdisciplinary scientific dialogue and to create public awareness of the relevance of the findings from research into the incarnation for the future of mankind". The prize is awarded annually at Monrepos Castle near Neuwied and honors archaeologists or scientists from neighboring disciplines for achievements that have had an extraordinary influence on the understanding of human behavioral evolution.

Teaching and promoting young talent

The development of human behavior in the Palaeolithic and Middle Stone Age is regularly the subject of various lectures by Monrepos employees at the Institute for Prehistory and Early History at the University of Mainz. The archaeological training is supplemented by internships, excursions and teaching excavations and enables direct participation in research and communication. Young scientists are individually promoted through a dedicated mentoring program and also financially supported through grants such as the Prinz Maximilian zu Wied grant.

museum

Mammoth culture "Max"

When the Paleolithic research area moved into the Roman-Germanic Central Museum , the Museum for the Archeology of the Ice Age also opened on April 29, 1988 in the former "Prinzessinnenpalais" of the former summer residence of the Princely House of Wied.

The modernization of the permanent exhibition in 2005 was followed by extensive renovation and expansion measures from 2011 to 2014, which resulted in the museum being temporarily closed, and the institute was renamed Monrepos - Archaeological Research Center and Museum for Human Behavioral Evolution .

Since the reopening of the museum on July 15, 2014, the new permanent exhibition "Human Understanding" has been located in the museum area of ​​Monrepos Castle. In it, the research results of the institute can be experienced. Exhibits can be discovered, experienced and interpreted. The classic museum »Please do not touch« has been suspended. All the more memorable are the insights you take home about yourself, your ancestors and your contemporaries. The message: curiosity is worth it - today as it was over 2.6 million years ago.

The exhibition is barrier-free.

The museum management was held by Marcus Coesfeld from 2018 to 2019 and Frank Moseler since August 2019.

Mediation

Science communication is a fundamental part of research in Monrepos. Before the new conception of the museum, special exhibition concepts such as that of the exhibition “VERY OLD - the archeology of the Ice Age implemented by Otmar Alt ” combined the Paleolithic with modern art and current social issues. At Pentecost, the “Stone Time Travel” made a practical, tangible reference to life in the Paleolithic and experiments on Stone Age handicrafts, food preparation, hunting and archaeological practice could be tried out by everyone. From 1987 to 2016 the Rudolf Virchow Lecture was one of the oldest public lecture series on Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archeology.

With the reopening of the museum in 2014 and the new permanent exhibition, new communication formats followed, which have been continuously developed since then in order to make the current research results comprehensible to a wide audience. These include, on the one hand, the dialogues on Pleistocene archeology (DiPa for short) - a public event that enables scientific exchange. On the other hand, there is a wide range of indoor and outdoor workshops and guided tours on nutrition and health issues, climate change and the experience of nature, or on the emergence of faith or the role of women in the Paleolithic. The aim of these formats is to show what the life of our ancestors has to do with today's society and how much prehistory or even ancestor is still in each of us.

As a certified extracurricular learning location, the research center also offers content for the subjects of history, biology, geography, art, but also ethics and philosophy. The museum educational program is structured differently for school classes of all ages and school types.

Furnishing

Laboratory for traces of use research and controlled experiments

The Laboratory for Traceology and Controlled Experiments (TraCEr: Laboratory for Traceology and Controlled Experiments) represents a novel contribution to the research goal of the institute through its specific objective: Through experimentally supported functional studies, methodological developments and fundamental research within the Pleistocene and Early Holocene archeology are combined.

Laboratory for zoo archeology and taphonomy

The osteological collection mainly contains animal bones in addition to a small basic stock of human skeletal parts. The focus of the collection is on the faunas of Europe today and during the Ice Age. In addition to large mammals, it also contains a collection of recent small animal remains. The taphonomic collection is a special feature. It contains comparative material for determining the age and for identifying cut and blow marks in contrast to natural modifications such as B. root corrosion or pathologies.

Library

The library at Monrepos Castle comprises more than 70,000 titles on Palaeolithic and Middle Stone Age archeology and is constantly updated with new publications. An extensive collection of offprints and an electronic magazine library complete the inventory.

Lithothek

The raw material collection includes samples of silices that were processed into tools in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic. The collection currently consists of a good 230 rock samples from various origins with a focus on the Rhineland.

Study collection

The study collection contains approximately 4,500 artifacts from the Old World Paleolithic and Mesolithic. They are originals and high quality copies from the restoration workshops of the RGZM. The Venus statuette archive is an important part of the study collection. With over 50 statuettes, it is the world's largest collection of its kind. In addition to some originals, it contains casts of almost all female figures from the Middle Upper Palaeolithic that have been discovered to date. Engraved slate slabs from Gönnersdorf and statuettes from the early and late Upper Palaeolithic are further focal points of the collection.

Image archive

The image archive documents the research center's excavations in Europe and Asia and the most important finds from the Paleolithic and Mesolithic times worldwide. The digitization and retro-inventory of the over 38,000 slides was completed in 2014; the database will soon be publicly accessible on the Internet. An important part of the picture archive is the Heidelof donation, a valuable collection of 298 pictures of French and Spanish cave paintings, some of which are now closed caves, which allow a 3D projection of the rock art.

CalPal

The CalPal program converts 14C age information into calendar years. The calibrated 14C data are compared with relevant paleoenvironmental archives. Archeology and environmental change can thus be precisely correlated with one another. CalPal was developed in a long-term collaboration with the University of Cologne.

literature

  • Gerhard Bosinski: Ice Age settlements preserved from pumice. The history of the creation of the Museum of Archeology of the Ice Age in Monrepos. In: Westerwald. Volume 81, 1988, pp. 185-187.
  • Martin Street: The Paleolithic Research Area of ​​the Roman-Germanic Central Museum, Mainz. In: Newsletter of the Osteoarchaeological Research Group. Volume 9, 1995, pp. 7-10.
  • Hannelore Bosinski: 15 years of the Museum for the Archeology of the Ice Age. A very personal review. In: Homeland yearbook of the Neuwied district. 2005, pp. 53-60.
  • Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Olaf Jöris (Ed.): 600,000 years of human history in the center of Europe. Book accompanying the exhibition in the Museum for the Archeology of the Ice Age, Monrepos Castle, Neuwied. Publishing house of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum, Mainz 2006, ISBN 3-7954-1968-9 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Other carriers
  2. ↑ a b Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Olaf Jöris (Ed.): 600,000 years of human history in central Europe. Book accompanying the exhibition in the Museum for the Archeology of the Ice Age, Monrepos Castle, Neuwied. Publishing house of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum, Mainz 2006, ISBN 3-7954-1968-9 .
  3. ↑ Permanent exhibition "Human UNDERSTANDING" ( Memento of the original from March 20, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / monrepos-rgzm.de
  4. ↑ M. Baales: Archeology of the Ice Age. (= Archeology on the Middle Rhine and Moselle. 16). Koblenz 2005.
  5. ^ E. Turner, I. Miesenheim: Excavations at a Lower Palaeolithic Site in the Central Rhineland of Germany. 2000, ISBN 3-88467-049-2 .
  6. ^ S. Gaudzinski-Windheuser, O. Jöris (Ed.): 600,000 years of human history in the center of Europe. Verlag des Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz, Mainz 2006, pp. 18–26.
  7. ↑ M. Baales: Archeology of the Ice Age. (= Archeology on the Middle Rhine and Moselle. 16). Koblenz 2005.
  8. ^ M. Street, F. Gelhausen, S. Grimm, F. Moseler, L. Niven, M. Sensburg, E. Turner, St. Wenzel, O. Jöris: L'occupation du bassin de Neuwied (Rhénanie centrale, Allemagne) par les Magdaléniens et les groupes à penknives (aziliens). In: Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française. Volume 103, No. 4, 2006, pp. 753-780.
  9. ^ S. Gaudzinski-Windheuser: Subsistence strategies of early Pleistocene hominids in Eurasia. Taphonomic observations of the fauna of the 'Ubeidia Formation (Israel). Bonn 2005, ISBN 3-88467-079-4 .
  10. ^ R. Rabinovich, S. Gaudzinski-Windheuser, L. Kindler, N. Goren-Inbar: The Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov. Mammalian Taphonomy. The assemblages of Layers V-5 and V-6. Springer, Dordrecht 2011.
  11. ↑ O. Joris: The old Paleolithic site of Dmanisi (Georgia, Caucasus). Archaeological finds and findings of the recumbent find complex in the context of early human development. Mainz 2008, ISBN 978-3-88467-121-4 .
  12. ↑ A. Bouzouggar, N. Barton, M. Vanhaeren, F. d'Errico, S. Collcutt, T. Higham, E. Hodge, S. Parfitt, E. Rhodes, J.-L. Schwenninger, C. Stringer, E. Turner, S. Ward, A. Moutmir, A. Stambouli: 82,000-year old shell beads from North Africa and implications for the origin of modern human behavior. In: PNAS. 104, No. 24, 2007, pp. 9964-9969.
  13. ^ D. Holst: Hazelnut economy of early Holocene hunteregatherers: a case study from Mesolithic Duvensee, northern Germany. In: Journal of Archaeological Science. Volume 37, 2010, pp. 2871-2880.
  14. ^ Martin Street: The Bedburg-Königshoven site. Forensics. In: Archaeological preservation of monuments in the Euregio Meuse-Rhine. 1992, pp. 427-431.
  15. ↑ monrepos-rgzm.de
  16. ↑ monrepos-rgzm.de
  17. ^ O. Jöris, M. Street: At the End of the 14C-Scale: Scenarios at the Transition from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic. In: Journal of Human Evolution. Volume 55, 2008, pp. 782-802.
  18. ↑ Equipment - Archaeological Research Center and Museum for Human Behavioral Evolution ( Memento of the original from October 29, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.calpal.de
  19. ^ S. Gaudzinski: Wallertheim Revisited: a Re-analysis of the Fauna from the Middle Palaeolithic Site of Wallertheim (Rheinhessen / Germany). In: Journal of Archaeological Science. Volume 22, 1995, pp. 51-66. doi: 10.1016 / S0305-4403 (95) 80162-6
  20. ^ S. Gaudzinski: Subsistence patterns of Early Pleistocene hominids in the Levant - Taphonomic evidence from the 'Ubeidiya Formation (Israel). In: Journal of Archaeological Science. Volume 31, 2004, pp. 65-75. doi: 10.1016 / S0305-4403 (03) 00100-6
  21. ^ R. Rabinovich, S. Gaudzinski-Windheuser, L. Kindler, N. Goren-Inbar: The Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov. Mammalian Taphonomy. The assemblages of Layers V-5 and V-6. Springer, Dordrecht 2011.
  22. ^ The Role of Early Humans in the Accumulation of European Lower and Middle Palaeolithic Bone Assemblages. Results of a colloquium, 1999, ISBN 3-88467-044-1 .
  23. ↑ S. Gaudzinski-Windheuser, L. Kindler, (Ed.): The evolution of hominin food resource exploitation in Pleistocene Europe: Recent studies in Zooarchaeology. In: Quaternary International. Volume 252, Special Issue, 2012, pp. 1-202.
  24. ^ S. Gaudzinski-Windheuser, L. Kindler: Research Perspectives for the study of Neandertal subsistence strategies based on the analysis of archaeozoological assemblages. In: Quaternary International. Volume 247, 2012: The Neanderthal Home: spatial and social behaviors, pp. 59-58. doi: 10.1016 / j.quaint.2010.11.029 .
  25. ^ D. Holst: Hazelnut economy of early Holocene hunter-gatherers: a case study from Mesolithic Duvensee, northern Germany. In: Journal of Archaeological Science. Volume 37, 2010, pp. 2871-2880.
  26. ^ S. Gaudzinski-Windheuser, O. Jöris, M. Sensburg, M. Street, E. Turner (eds.): Site-internal spatial organization of hunter-gatherer societies: Case studies from the European Palaeolithic and Mesolithic. (= RGZM - conferences. Volume 12). 2011, ISBN 978-3-88467-190-0 .
  27. ^ E. Cziesla, S. Eickhoff, N. Arts, D. Winter (eds.): The big puzzle. International symposium on refitting stone artefacts. Monrepos 1987. (= Studies in Modern Archeology. Volume 1). Bonn 1992.
  28. ↑ conference issue of the 53rd Annual Meeting of Hugo Obermaier Society in Herne 2011. Erlangen 2011, ISBN 978-3-933474-75-9 (obermaier-gesellschaft.de)
  29. ^ Conference booklet of the 53rd annual meeting of the Hugo Obermaier Society in Leipzig 2010.
  30. ^ The Art of the Ice Age in Germany and Switzerland. Habelt, Bonn 1982, ISBN 3-7749-1832-5 .
  31. ^ A. Güth: New scientific findings confirming "The Oldest Representation of Childbirth". A 3D re-vision of an engraved slate plaquette from the Magdalenian site of Gönnersdorf (Neuwied / Rhineland). In: Program for the 53rd annual meeting of the Hugo Obermaier Society. Herne 2011, pp. 20-21. ( online ; PDF; 8.4 MB)
  32. ^ S. Gaudzinski-Windheuser, O. Jöris: Contextualizing the Female Image - Symbols for Common Ideas and Communal Identity in Upper Palaeolithic Societies. In: F. Wenban-Smith, F. Coward, R. Hosfield, M. Pope (Eds.): Settlement, Society, and Cognition in Human Evolution. Cambridge University Press, New York 2015, ISBN 978-1-107-02688-9 .
  33. ^ G. Bosinski: Animal representations from Gönnersdorf. Supplements to the mammoth and horse as well as the other depictions of animals. With contributions by Alexandra Güth and Wolfgang Heuschen. Redrawing of the slates by Gisela Fischer and Petra Schiller. (= Monographs of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum. Volume 72). 2008.
  34. ↑ ptb.de
  35. ^ R. Rabinovich, S. Gaudzinski-Windheuser, L. Kindler, N. Goren-Inbar: The Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya'aqov. Vol. 3: Mammalian Taphonomy. The assemblages of Layers V-5 and V-6. Springer, Dordrecht 2011, ISBN 978-94-007-2158-6 .
  36. ^ Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Elisabeth S. Noack, Eduard Pop, Constantin Herbst, Johannes Pfleging: Evidence for close-range hunting by last interglacial Neanderthals . In: Nature Ecology & Evolution . tape 2 , no. 7 , June 25, 2018, ISSN  2397-334X , p. 1087-1092 , doi : 10.1038 / s41559-018-0596-1 ( nature.com [accessed August 15, 2018]).
  37. ↑ "Human Roots Award" presented to evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins. Retrieved August 16, 2018 .
  38. ↑ archaeologie.geschichte.uni-mainz.de
  39. ↑ Training of the next generation of scientists. 2008 annual report of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum, Mainz 2010, pp. 106–111.
  40. ↑ Training of the next generation of scientists. Annual report 2009 of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz 2010, pp. 110–115.
  41. ↑ Training of the next generation of scientists. Annual report 2010 of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz 2011, pp. 116–122.
  42. ↑ New opening
  43. ↑ Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Regina Höfer, Olaf Jöris (eds.): How colorful was the past really? Very old - the archeology of the Ice Age implemented by Otmar Alt. An unusual juxtaposition of hunting archeology and contemporary art. 2007, ISBN 978-3-88467-107-8 .
  44. ↑ Stone Age Journey: Pentecost Sunday in Monrepos Castle. In: Annual report 2009 of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum. Mainz 2010, ISBN 978-3-88467-166-5 , pp. 142-143.
  45. ↑ Annine Fuchs: Human Understanding. New ways of communication in MONREPOS - Archaeological Research Center and Museum for Human Behavioral Evolution, Roman-Germanic Central Museum, Leibniz Research Institute for Archeology . In: Ancient World . No. 4 , 2018, p. 86-89 .
  46. ↑ S. Wolf: A new Venus statuette from the Upper Paleolithic site Dolní Vĕstonice (Moravia). In: Yearbook of the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum 2008. Mainz 2011, pp. 1–42.
  47. ↑ Image archive

Coordinates: 50 ° 28 ′ 51.9 ″  N , 7 ° 26 ′ 34.5 ″  E