Morinda

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Morinda
Noni tree (Morinda citrifolia), fruit, flowers and leaves

Noni tree ( Morinda citrifolia ), fruit , flowers and leaves

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family : Red family (Rubiaceae)
Genre : Morinda
Scientific name
Morinda
L.

Morinda are a genus within the family of the redness plants (Rubiaceae). It isdistributed almost worldwidein the tropics to subtropics .

The best-known species of the genus is the noni tree ( Morinda citrifolia ), from whose fruit, noni, a juice ("noni juice") that is lavishly marketed as a health product, but which is allegedly health-promoting, is obtained.

description

Illustration of the Noni tree ( Morinda citrifolia )

Morinda species are woody plants: trees , shrubs or lianas . The stalked, mostly opposite leaves are medium to very large, simple and often leathery. Stipules are present.

Simple or compound, often dold-like inflorescences are formed. The fragrant flowers are hermaphroditic or functionally male and three to seven-fold with a double flower envelope . The sepals are preserved for a long time. The petals are white, cream, yellow or purple. There is only one stamen circle made up of four to seven stamens. Two carpels have become an under constant ovary grown. A stone fruit is formed. The seeds are winged.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Morinda was set up by the Swedish naturalist Carl von Linné - in the course of the first publication of the species Morinda citrifolia and Morinda umbellata - in his work Species Plantarum published in 1753 on page 176. Since 2011 there are only five synonyms for Morinda L .: Appunettia R.D.Good , Belicea Lundell , Belicia Lundell , Rojoc Adans. , Sarcopygme Setch. & Christoph.

Morinda species are widespread in the tropics to subtropics of Asia , Africa , Australia, and the New World . Borneo , New Guinea , Northern Australia and New Caledonia have the greatest biodiversity . There are 27 species in China, 18 of them only there.

The genus Morinda belongs to the tribe Morindeae in the subfamily Rubioideae within the family Rubiaceae .

The genus Morinda sl contained 80 to 130 species until 2011 . Numerous species were placed in 2011 by Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison and Birgitta Bremer in Nomenclatural changes and taxonomic notes in the tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae) in Adansonia , Séries 3, 33, p. 288 in the genus Gynochthodes flower . Since 2011 there are only about 43 species in the genus Morinda s. st. The genus Gynochthodes sl contains 93 species since 2011.

Inflorescences with flower buds and an open flower of the noni tree ( Morinda citrifolia )
Habit of the Noni tree ( Morinda citrifolia )
Branch with leaves and inflorescence of Morinda coreia
Branches with leaves and unripe fruits of Morinda geminata
Morinda geminata
Inflorescence of Morinda panamensis
Morinda pubescens
Branch with leaves and unripe fruits of Morinda royoc

In the genus Morinda s. st. only 43 species have been included since 2011:

Since 2011 no longer in the genus Morinda but in the genus Gynochthodes flower :

Ethnobotany

The best-known species is the noni tree ( Morinda citrifolia ), the second most important medicinal plant in Hawaii , which contains anthraquinones in particular as an effective component.

The African Morinda species Morinda lucida is also used naturopathically against malaria . Effectively contained here seem iridoid - glycosides to be.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Morinda. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 3, 2018.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Tao Chen, Charlotte M. Taylor: Morinda , p. 220 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of China Editorial Committee : Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 19 - Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 28. February 2011. ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9 .
  3. ↑ Morinda in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
  4. ↑ a b c Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison, Birgitta Bremer in Nomenclatural Changes and Taxonomic Notes in the Tribe Morindeae (Rubiaceae). In: Adansonia , Séries 3, 33, December 2011, p. 288. doi : 10.5252 / a2011n2a13
  5. ↑ H. Khurana, M. Junkrut, T. Punjanon: Analgesic activity and genotoxicity of Morinda citrifolia. In: Thai J. Pharmacol. , Volume 25, No. 1, 2003, p. 86.

Web links

Commons : Morinda  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files