Moritz von Dycke

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Moritz von Dycke (born October 29, 1737 in Rosengarten on Rügen as Moritz Carl Ulrich Diek ; † March 17, 1822 in Losentitz ) was a Swedish major general and landowner on Rügen. He was one of the first in Swedish Pomerania to abolish serfdom on his estates .

Life

He was the oldest of ten children of Johann Diek and Esther Eleonore Helm. The father was a farmer, last worked as an administrator for Moritz Ulrich I , Mr. zu Putbus, and had leased the Rosengarten domain in 1734. The son was tutored by private tutors, attended school for some time in Stralsund and entered the Swedish military service in 1755 with the infantry regiment of Count Gabriel Spens . After he had served up to sergeant- major there, in 1758 he switched to the "blue hussars" of Count Friedrich Ulrich zu Putbus (1732–1764) as a cornet . As a lieutenant he took part in the Seven Years' War with them. While her regiment went to Greifswald in garrison after the Peace of Hamburg (1762) , Moritz Diek fought together with his brother Johann in the Allied Army under Ferdinand von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel . After the peace agreement between England and France , the two traveled to Strasbourg and returned to their regiment in 1763. Moritz Diek spent the next four years with the rank of Rittmeister in Greifswald. He leased the Rappenhagen estate . His brother Johann was the main actor in the violent abduction of Maria Flint from the Stralsund prison in 1765 , which she hid briefly in Rappenhagen. At the University of Greifswald , he heard lectures in physics with Andreas Mayer and history with Johann Carl Dähnert . In 1767 he was squadron chief in Wolgast .

His father bought in 1767 by former Governor General of Swedish Pomerania , Axel Löwen , the feud Losentitz. According to the legal situation at the time, the owner had to be feeble. On August 7, 1769, after their father had already died, Moritz Diek and his brothers were raised to the nobility by Emperor Joseph II under the name of Dycke .

The Moritz von Dyckes regiment was transferred to Sweden in 1772 . He became the site elder in Hälsingborg . There he founded a work center for the poor together with three residents of the city, which employed around 80 people a year. From 1789 he fought in the Russo-Swedish War . In 1790 he was promoted to colonel . Soon after the assassination of the Swedish King Gustav III. asked for his release. In 1793 he was promoted to major general and appointed commander of the Order of the Sword , discharged from active military service.

He dedicated himself to the administration of his estates Losentitz and Kransevitz. In 1802 he followed the example of his friend Gingster prepositus Johann Gottlieb Picht , dismissed his previously serf peasants from natural service and instead employed them as tenants. He separated about 195 hectares from his property and had six farms, a poor house and a school built on it.

Moritz von Dycke took part in the Greifswald state parliament from 1806 . In the same year he carried out the general draft of the Pomeranian Landwehr on Rügen, which was set up on the orders of Gustav IV Adolf . On August 6, 1806, his request for final discharge from military service was granted.

Moritz von Dycke was a close friend of Ernst Moritz Arndt . Arndt's visits to Losentitz are documented from 1809. Arndt praised von Dycke in various writings and dedicated a collection of poems to him, among other things.

Dycke had a son with the gardener's daughter Maria Christina Holmgreen : Otto von Dycke (1791-1858) became a Prussian civil servant and member of the provincial parliament.

literature

  • Erich Gülzow : Prepositus Picht and General von Dycke, two forerunners of EM Arndt in the fight against inherited subservience. In: Rügisch-Pommerscher Geschichtsverein (Hrsg.): Pomeranian year books. Vol. 29, L. Bamberg, Greifswald 1935, pp. 117f.
  • Erich Gülzow :  Memoirs of General von Dycke 1737-1822 . In: Society for Pomeranian History and Archeology (Hrsg): Baltic studies . New series vol. 39, Léon Saunier, Stettin 1937, pp. 261–302 ( digitized version ).
  • Dycke, Moritz Carl Ulrich von . In: Grete Grewolls: Who was who in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania? A dictionary of persons . Edition Temmen, Bremen 1995, ISBN 3-86108-282-9 , pp. 109-110.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rudolf Baier : Stralsundian stories. Publishing house of the Royal Government Printing House, Stralsund 1902, pp. 248–249 ( digitized version ).
personal data
SURNAME Dycke, Moritz von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Dycke, Moritz Carl Ulrich von; Diek, Moritz Carl Ulrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swedish major general, landowner on Rügen
DATE OF BIRTH October 29, 1737
PLACE OF BIRTH Rose garden on Rügen
DATE OF DEATH March 17, 1822
Place of death Loose seat