Mujibur Rahman

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Mujibur Rahman (1950)

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ( Bengali মুজিবুর রহমান Mujibur Rahmān ; born March 17, 1920 in the village of Tungipara, Gopalganj district ; †  August 15, 1975 in Dhaka ) is considered to be the initiator of the independence of East Pakistan from the western part of the country and the establishment of Bangladesh . Before that he was a leading politician in the former eastern part of Pakistan. Occasionally he is given the honorable title Bangabandhu .

biography

His political career began immediately after the division of British India into the independent states of Pakistan and India in 1947 as a co-founder of the East Pakistan Muslim Students' League . The student organization was considered a sub-group of the Muslim League . However, as early as 1949, Rahman and others moved his secular and nationalist ideals to found the Awami League , which campaigned for autonomy and independence from West Pakistan. Initially, he was one of the party's general secretaries and, after the death of party leader Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy in late 1963, took over the chairmanship of the party.

In February 1966, Mujibur Rahman presented a six-point program with the aim of establishing a federation based on the Lahore resolution of 1940. The central government saw the program as a plan to partition Pakistan . Mujibur was arrested, charged, and acquitted in 1968. The indictment sparked violent unrest in East Pakistan in December 1968 . On March 7, 1971, Mujibur declared the independence of Bangladesh in a speech that has now been recognized by UNESCO as part of the intangible documentary heritage . In 1972 he became Prime Minister of the newly founded state of Bangladesh after a bitter war of independence against the Pakistani army , which committed serious human rights crimes against the Bangladeshi civilian population and was beaten after the intervention of Indian troops .

His government was strongly oriented towards socialist and nationalist ideals, and his nationalization policy led to the famine of 1974. He moved closer to conservative Islamic circles in terms of behavior and politics. His increasingly dictatorial rule against the background of the state failure in the mass starvation of 1974 and further supply shortages led to an internal uprising and a military coup , by which he was overthrown on August 15, 1975. He and his family were murdered. Only two daughters who were currently in the Federal Republic of Germany survived. His eldest daughter Hasina Wajed returned to Bangladesh from exile in 1981 and also became the leader of the Awami League and the country's Prime Minister from 1996 to 2001 . On December 30, 2008, she was re-elected to this office.

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is recalling its role during the struggle for independence from Pakistan as Bangabandhu titled ( "friend of Bangladesh").

Criminal investigation of the murder

After a change of political power, criminal investigations were initiated against several persons involved in the crime, which in 1998 led to the conviction of five men to death . After exhaustion of the legal process up to the Supreme Court of the country and the rejection of appeals for clemency addressed to the President , five people involved were hanged on January 28, 2010 in a prison in Dhaka . On April 7, 2020, Abdul Majed, one of the six still fugitive perpetrators, was arrested in Bangladesh and hanged a few days later near the capital Dhaka.

literature

  • Moudud Ahmed: Bangladesh. Era of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (= Contributions to South Asian Studies, Volume 93). Steiner-Verlag, Stuttgart 1984, ISBN 3-515-04266-0 .
  • Ricarda Gerlach: Female Political Leadership and Dueling Dynasties in Bangladesh. In: Claudia Derichs, Mark R. Thompson (eds.): Dynasties and Female Political Leaders in Asia . Lit, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-643-90320-4 , pp. 113-150.
  • Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: The Unfinished Autobiography. Draupadi Verlag, Heidelberg 2018, ISBN 978-3-945191-27-9 .
  • Golam Abu Zakaria (ed.): Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: founding father, social reformer and visionary. Klemm + Oelschläger, Ulm 2020, ISBN 978-3-86281-153-3 .

Web links

Commons : Mujibur Rahman  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Unesco recognizes Bangabandhu's 7th March speech. The Daily Star, October 31, 2017, accessed November 14, 2017 .
  2. ↑ Amnesty International, January 22, 2010: Impending executions. Retrieved January 26, 2012 .
  3. ↑ Amnesty International of February 1, 2010: Five men executed. Retrieved January 26, 2012 .
  4. ↑ Deutsche Welle of August 17, 2010: Bangladesh's bitter legacy. Retrieved January 26, 2012 .
  5. ↑ Bangabandhu Mujibur Rahman's killer Abdul Majed arrested in Bangladesh. The New Indian Express, April 7, 2020, accessed April 7, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Bangladesh executes ex-Army officer Abdul Majed for assassinating Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Retrieved April 12, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Rahman, Mujibur
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rahman, Sheikh Mujibur
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bangladeshi politician, founder of Bangladesh
DATE OF BIRTH March 17, 1920
PLACE OF BIRTH Tungipara village, Gopalganj
DATE OF DEATH 15th August 1975
Place of death Dhaka