Nadia Surovtsova

Nadia Surovtsova 1914

Nadiya Witalijiwna Surowzowa ( Ukrainian Надія Віталіївна Суровцова , Russian Надежда Витальевна Суровцева Nadezhda Wytaljewna Surowzewa ; born March 5, ^jul. / 17th March  1896 ^greg. In Kiev , Kiev Governorate , Russian Empire ; † 13. April 1985 in Uman , Cherkasy Oblast , Ukrainian SSR ) was a Ukrainian - Soviet writer , journalist , historian , philosopher, and translator .

Life

Nadia Surovtsova came on March 5th ^July / March 17,  1896 ^greg. According to other sources, she was born on March 18 to a family of lawyers in Kiev. In 1903 the family moved to Uman. After completing her secondary education, she studied from 1913 to 1917 at the Faculty of History and Philology of University in Saint Petersburg . During the First World War , in addition to her studies and her active involvement in Ukrainian student life, she worked as a nurse in the so-called Ukrainian hospital in Saint Petersburg.

During the Russian Revolution of 1917 , she moved to the Faculty of History and Law at the University of Kiev in the fall to continue her studies . During the time of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1917/18 she edited foreign language publications for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and worked for the Kiev newspaper Trybuna ( Tribun ). As a trainer for the Ukrainian Central Na Rada she was sent to the Uman region, where she was elected a member of the Ukrainian Peasant Union ( Українська селянська спілка ) in Uman. She then worked for a small salary in the Department for Refugees in the General Secretariat for Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian People's Republic under the direction of Volodymyr Vynnytschenko as a typist and was directly subordinate to Oleksandr Schulhyn and Kostjantyn Losskyj (Ukrainian Костянтин Володимировикий 18–1874 . During the hetmanate she was the head of the secretariat of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where it was part of her duties to prepare the accreditation of foreign ambassadors and their meetings with ministers.

At the end of 1918, Nadija Surowzowa emigrated to Austria and graduated from the philosophy faculty of the University of Vienna . With the dissertation " Bohdan Khmelnyzkyj and the idea of ​​the Ukrainian statehood" she became a doctor and thus the first Ukrainian woman with the title of Doctor of Philosophy. After completing her studies, she worked as a teacher at the Agricultural Academy in Vienna and was involved in women's organizations, particularly in the International Women's League for Peace and Freedom . For this she took part as a delegate at congresses in Vienna, Dresden, The Hague, Amsterdam, Paris and Washington DC . She also headed the Ukraine Famine Committee . During this time, Surovtsova also translated the books India Journey by Waldemar Bonsels , The Cricket on the Hearth by Charles Dickens , Little Lord Fauntleroy by Frances Burnett and Ivanhoe by Walter Scott into the Ukrainian language.

1924 marked a visit to the United States and Canada, during which she spoke at numerous rallies. This trip became a turning point in their socio-political worldview. She was inspired by the Marxist ideas and so, after her return to Austria, became a member of the Communist Party of Austria . Together with Franz Koritschoner , Wilhelm Liebknecht, the son of Karl Liebknecht , and W. Kossak she translated works by Lenin and Ukrainian prose by Wassyl Stefanyk and Wladimir Korolenko into German . She has also published dozens of articles and short stories in left-wing newspapers and a book of Ukrainian folk tales.

In 1925 she went to the Soviet Union. First to Moscow and then to Kharkov , where she worked together with Mykola Baschan , Jurij Janowskyj and Oleksandr Dowschenko as a historian at the highest censorship authority Glawlit in film management and at a radio-telegraph agency. She was also a member of the Research Department for the History of Ukraine . In parallel, she attended a postgraduate course by the Ukrainian historian Dmytro Bahalij at the University of Kharkov . The secret police in Kharkov repeatedly suggested to her in 1926 that she should become their agent and communicate with acquaintances of high officials, but she always refused these offers.

In 1927 she was arrested by the GPU for political reasons and sentenced to five years' exile on the Solovetsky Islands for Polish-German espionage . There she met her future husband Dmitry Olytsky, whom she married in January 1935. In November 1936, at the time she was working at the Archangelsk Regional History Museum , she was arrested again. She was sent to prisons in Vologda , Irkutsk , Vladivostok and finally to a gulag in Kolyma . There she had to toil in the greenhouses and in the garden of the Kolyma research station. Her sentence expired in November 1941, but she was not released until the summer of 1942, which obliged her to continue working at Dalstroi . In the following years she worked as a nurse in a mine warehouse hospital.

She spent a total of 29 years in prisons, gulags and in exile. In 1957, thanks to the testimonies of Mykola Bashan and Ostap Wyschnja , she was finally rehabilitated and, together with her husband's sister, the dissident Ekaterina Lvovna Olitskaya ( Екатерина Львовна Олицкая , 1900–1974), settled in her father's house in Uman. There she works in the local history museum and gave private lessons in English and French. She also headed the Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments in Uman. In 1958 she began to write her memoir . Over time, your house developed into a meeting place for dissidents and was under constant supervision by the authorities. She herself tended increasingly towards the national Ukrainian liberation movement. In 1972 her apartment was searched in connection with the arrest of Leonid Pljuschtsch and two volumes of her memoirs were confiscated.

Seriously ill in the last months of her life, she died at the age of 89 in Uman, where she was buried and a small museum was set up in her memory. Much of their creative legacy has not yet been published.

Web links

• Short Biography Nadia Surowzowa on the website of the Sakharov -Centers (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Entry on Nadija Surowzowa in the Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine ; accessed on April 1, 2018 (Ukrainian)
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k} biography Nadija Surowzowa on 1576.ua ; accessed on April 1, 2018 (Ukrainian)
3. ↑ ^{a b} Dissident Movement in Ukraine - The General Democratic Movement - Nadija Surowzowa in the Virtual Museum of the Kharkiv Human Rights Group , April 20, 2005; accessed on April 1, 2018 (Ukrainian)
4. ↑ ^{a b c} I can't stand the suffering of other people Article on Nadija Surowzowa in day.kyiv.ua of January 31, 2006; accessed on April 1, 2018 (English)