Nammer camp
| Nammer camp | ||
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 South side of the wooded Nammer camp |
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| Alternative name (s): | Nammer Castle, nature reserve : Nammer cliffs | |
| Creation time : | 300-100 BC Chr. | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Trenches, ramparts and earthworks | |
| Standing position : | no assignment | |
| Construction: | Wooden posts set in earthwork with palisade and wall | |
| Place: | Ground monument : Nammer camp in the Weser Mountains | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 14 '24 " N , 8 ° 57' 55" E | |
| Height: | 235 m above sea level NHN | |
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The Nammer Lager is a culturally and historically significant ground monument from pre-Christian times. The Wallburg is located at the western beginning of the Weser Mountains, above the eponymous village of Nammen. Nammen is a district of the city of Porta Westfalica .
It is one of the five ring walls that stretch from the western end of the Wiehengebirge to the Süntel . Its construction and occupation phase is from the 3rd to the 1st century BC. During the so-called pre-Roman Iron Age . Historians also speak of the Celtic La Tène period as a cultural epoch. Likewise, the Teutoburg Forest as a southern parallel ridge has four such refuges . The distance to each other is about a day's march.
The Nammer camp was discovered in 1897 by the Hausberg doctor Eduard Braun. The ring wall system was first researched by the Bünden archaeologist Friedrich Langewiesche at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1983 further archaeological investigations were carried out.
The specialty of the Nammer camp lies in its geographical and strategic location, its enormous size by local standards, its unique use during the La Tène period and perhaps in its function as a link between two cultures.
Infrastructure
Geographical location
Porta Westfalica , the Weser breakthrough , has always been the most important geographical, strategic and economic location in West and East Westphalia . Here the Weser leaves the low mountain range and enters the North German Plain . Trade routes from all directions bundled at Porta Westfalica.
The Nammer camp is less than five kilometers as the crow flies from the “Westphalian Gate” and the Weserfurten near Eisbergen, Vlotho and Minden.
The Wallburg
The refuge, sloping to the north, covers an area of 25 hectares. In the north and east, it is bounded by a double wall with a moat. On the south side, rock walls and cliffs serve as protection. For Lehmsiek, which slopes strongly to the west, only one surge was required. Here at the north-western corner is also the facility's only gate entrance. There are three swelling troughs with sufficient capacity in the interior.
Nammer camp (wall remnants)
Nammer camp (wall remnants)
Relation of the East Westphalian hill fortifications
In a clockwise direction, all La Tène hillside settlements from the west of the Wiehengebirge to the west end of the Osnings are listed below , with the corresponding size in hectares. The Schnippenburg (16 ha) followed by the Babilonie (12 ha) and the Dehmer Castle (8 ha) in Wiehen form the beginning. The Süntel has the Amelungsburg (15 ha). The Teutoburg Forest is represented by the Detmolder Grotenburg (11 hectares), the Oerlinghauser Tönsberg Lager (15 hectares), Bielefelds Hünenburg (3 hectares) and the Schweinskopf (Tecklenburger Land) . Herlingsburg (6 ha), Rodenstatt (12 ha) and Piepenkopf (7 ha) should also be mentioned in the Lipper Bergland . They all have only a well or a collecting or spring trough.
The fan-shaped pivot of this “Celtic” enclave seems to have been the Nammer camp.
The contact to the closest Celtic ramparts on the edge of its actual area, in the Lahn valley and in the Wetterau, was presumably made via high-altitude trails. Mention should be made here of Christenberg , Dünsberg and Glauberg .
Link between Teutons and Celts?
Cultures
Finds of stone tools in the Nammer Klippen nature reserve (south side) are an indication of their use in the Neolithic Age (from the 4th millennium BC). The Iron Age use is limited to the period from the 3rd to the 1st century BC. And then ends abruptly. The reason for this can be found in the advance of the Proto-Germanic Harpstedt-Nienburg cultural group into the Münsterland bay. All of the hill castles listed are abandoned, some even razed, even after they have been destroyed by fire.
The clay pot shards found in the Nammer camp and the way it was fastened show clear Celtic style elements. Whether the inhabitants were Celts or an old-established population who only used their epochal style cannot yet be clarified. The Celtic sphere of influence ends in the north at the Wiehen and Weser Mountains, further north nothing has been found of it.
trade
Characteristic for the typical location of a La Téne-era hill fort are iron ore deposits and abundance of wood. Both were available in abundance at the “Westphalian Gate”, as the neighboring community of Kleinenbremen shows. Iron and related products are evidence of this extensive trading establishment and early predecessor of Minden .
Trade was carried out in all directions, including through the Weser with the Germanic tribes that were emerging and their products, for example salt.
literature
- Torsten Capelle : Wall castles in Westphalia-Lippe. Published by the Antiquities Commission for Westphalia, Münster 2010, ISSN 0939-4745 , p. 22 No. FBW10 ( Early Castles in Westphalia special volume 1 ).
- Klaus Günther: The Nammer Castle near Porta Westfalica, Minden-Lübbecke district . Early castles in Westphalia, Vol. 10 . Published by the Antiquities Commission for Westphalia, Münster 1990.
- Klaus Günther: A test excavation in the Wallburg Nammer Lager, City of Porta Westfalica, Minden-Lübbecke district . Excavations and finds in Westphalia-Lippe, year 3 . Mainz 1986. ISBN 3-8053-0894-9
Web links
- Hiking Club Porta Westfalica: The Nammer Camp ( Memento from December 10, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- Dieter Bahe: The Nammer camp
Individual evidence
- ↑ Braun, Eduard: The Wallring on the Nammer Berge, east of the Porta Westfalica, a newly discovered early historical people's castle . Ravensberger Blätter 3, 1903, pp. 13-19
- ^ Günther, Klaus: The Nammer Castle near Porta Westfalica, Minden-Lübbecke district . Early castles in Westphalia, Vol. 10 . Published by the Antiquities Commission for Westphalia, Münster 1990
- ^ Günther, Klaus: A test excavation in the Wallburg Nammer Lager, city of Porta Westfalica, Minden-Lübbecke district . Excavations and finds in Westphalia-Lippe, year 3 . Mainz 1985
- ^ Günther, Klaus: The Nammer Castle near Porta Westfalica, Minden-Lübbecke district . Early castles in Westphalia, Vol. 10 . Published by the Antiquities Commission for Westphalia, Münster 1990
