Beeper head
| Beeper head | ||
|---|---|---|
 Wall rest on the southeastern edge of the Wallburg |
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| Alternative name (s): | Amelungsburg | |
| Creation time : | 3rd century BC Chr. | |
| Castle type : | Spurburg | |
| Conservation status: | Trenches, ramparts and earthworks | |
| Standing position : | no assignment | |
| Construction: | Reading stone masonry and palisade framed with wooden posts | |
| Place: | Dörentrup | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 2 '36 " N , 8 ° 58' 8" E | |
| Height: | 240 m above sea level NHN | |
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The beeper head is a in the 3rd century BC. BC built Wallburg on a south-westerly running spur of the 360 m high Kleeberg in the middle of the Lipper mountains . The settlement, built in the Celtic La Tène period , is located in the municipality of Dörentrup , Lippe district , and is therefore a cultural and historical soil monument . It was not until 1933 that the remnants of the ring wall system were identified as of considerable prehistoric importance, placed under monument protection during the Second World War in 1941 and archaeologically examined in detail by the then head of the Lippisches Landesmuseum , Friedrich Hohenschwert, until 1966 . In the summer of 2017 and 2018, excavations were carried out again by archaeologists from Cardiff University . The excavations are to be continued in the next few years.
Infrastructure
Fortifications
The 7 hectare ring wall on the north side of the Bega Valley and east of the Maibolte stream has a wall that adapts perfectly to the terrain. The eastern side of the mountain spur, which is more in need of protection, is also equipped with a rampart that extends to the foot of the Amelungsburg. As a result, a mountain ridge is enclosed in the system, which has formed an access to the old mountain path system. This only castle bastion is completed by the conical Keuperberg Amelungsburg , which provides an excellent waiting function with a wide view. In the Fliehburg, the water supply is secured by a previously enclosed spring trough which flows through the south wall and was then collected again in a now marshy basin. This basin and the terraces outside of the wall indicate that the area was used as pasture for the residents' livestock. This sloping area is limited in the west and south by the Maibolte. The surge on the north-facing gorge is absent, as only a wooden palisade was sufficient as a shield.
Geographical location in a historical context
The Piepenkopf settlement, which dates back to the pre-Roman Iron Age , has a central role if the geographical conditions are taken into account. It is in the middle between the great Weserbogen and the Osning . At that time, she is a day's march away from these barriers. It is also located in the center of the two low mountain ranges Wiehengebirge and Osning, which cut parallel through the North German Plain. These facts are all the more remarkable when you consider that in the La Tène period all settlements of this type were hilltop settlements. These "castle communities" are also located in Westphalia on the mountain ridges mentioned above. The Wiehen and Weser Mountains each have five such ring walls; an example of this is the babilonia at Lübbecke . The southern Teutoburg Forest is also represented with four hilltop castles, such as the Tönsberg camp . The Herlingsburg and the Rodenstatt in the community of Schieder-Schwalenberg are in the immediate vicinity in the Lipper Bergland . They all form an enclave of the "Celtic world" because the closest facilities are around 150 km away in the southern Hessian mountainous region . The peculiarity of the Piepenkopf lies in the fact that it is the only Westphalian refuge with visual contact to all of the other listed settlements.
Archaeological evidence
Pre-Roman complex
In his writings, which were only published in 1711 , the Lutheran theologian , who was also active in Lemgo and was known as the reformer of Westphalia, mentions a "Hameleburg" (Amelungsburg?) In the Lemgoer Mark. Literally: "A splendid festival on the heights, which remains on the mountain and many circumstances indicate". In 1933 the complex was classified as Iron Age and was investigated by excavations on the wall and inside until the beginning of the war. The excavation results were evaluated in 1966 and re-examined on site. During the excavations, a very thick layer of fire was found everywhere inside the facility. During the investigations on the wall, it was found that the mighty wall posts had not rotted in the ground of the fortification, but were forcibly pulled outwards over the existing moat. This moat is filled with former ramparts. It can therefore be assumed that there was a military conflict that led to the storming, pillage and ultimately to the consequent razing of the fortifications. The destruction was so complete that the beeper head was not rebuilt and therefore inhabited, which is a very good basis for future research. Inside the beeper head, ceramic fragments of storage vessels, drinking cups and saucepans have come to light, all of which suggest a settlement spanning generations than a refuge that was only used when needed. The enormous efforts of the builders would not do justice to those of a fleeing castle in qualitative and quantitative dimensions. Based on the carbon content of the abundant remains of fire, the fortification in the 3rd to 2nd centuries BC was determined with the help of radiocarbon dating . The ceramic fragments can also be clearly assigned to the La Tène period.
Saxon ring wall
To the southwest of the Warthberg Amelungsburg there is a wall ring with an average of 8-10 m and an associated wall section. These earthworks fall into the time of the Saxon Westphalia , thus in a younger period of 1200 years, which is also indicated by the name Amelungsburg. Two similarly La Tène hill settlements, the Grotenburg near Detmold and the same name Amelungsburg towering near Hessisch Oldendorf in the Süntel have such Saxon ramparts that probably served to guard the path system. The name Amelung goes back to one of the two ancestors of the influential Saxon dynasty of the Billunger , with the title and name of Count Amelung († 811 AD), who henceforth form the branch line of the Amelungen , which may be alluded to in the Nibelungenlied .
White quartz sand dune
Since the year 2000, the beginning of the intensive archaeological research of the La Tène-temporal Schnippenburg near Ostercappeln in the Wiehengebirge, pre-Christian glass production in the Westphalian region has also been considered. For millennia, quartz and quartzite have been used for the production of ceramics, metal and, indispensably for glass, because of their hardness and malleability. The raw material quartzite, one of the hardest and most wear-resistant rocks of all, emerges directly at the beeper head. The perfect and most widely used material for simple grinding stones. The point is located less than 30 m west between Wall and the Maibolte. At the end of the Second World War, these stocks were mined in the open quarry due to the scarcity of raw materials in Germany. This did not happen without vehement protests from the Rosenberg office . The recently discovered beeper head was issued for an "outpost of the freedom-loving Cherusci against the yoke of Rome" and a quartzite quarrying, which would have resulted in the destruction of the hilltop settlement, was consistently rejected by the "Rosenberg Cultural Office". Nevertheless, as the floor plan shows, it was dismantled, but not "extinguished" due to the time. An additional raw material deposit is located 2 km further east of the Wallburg. It is a mighty, pure white quartz sand dune that was deposited as debris on the 2 million year old Tertiary during the Ice Ages . Geologically, it is looking for its equal in Westphalia, and parts of it will have been exposed in pre-Christian times.
See also: sand culture
Web links
literature
- Friedrich Hohenschwert: The Lippe District I - introductory essays , Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-8062-0427-6 .
- Friedrich Hohenschwert: Der Kreis Lippe II - Guide to archaeological monuments in Germany , Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-8062-0428-4 .
- Reden, Dv / Linde, R.: Hillentrup. Kirchdorf und Bauernschaft, Heimatverein Hillentrup 1994, ISBN 3-924481-06-7 .
- Friedrich Hohenschwert: "Prehistoric and early historical fortifications in Lippe". Published by the Antiquities Commission for Westphalia, Münster 1978. ISBN 3-921428-21-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lippische Landeszeitung: In Dörentrup Welsh experts examine a mighty hill fort
- ↑ Landesverband Lippe: Iron Age Life in Lippe: International exploration of two ramparts goes into the second round
- ↑ Uta Halle : From "earthenware" to "war-important" product, in - Hillentrup, Kirchdorf and peasantry.
