Narew
Narew Нараў |
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Location of the Narew in the Vistula catchment area |
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Data | ||
location |
Breszkaja Woblasz ( Belarus ); Poland |
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River system | Vistula | |
Drain over | Vistula → Baltic Sea | |
source |
Bjalowescher Heide 52 ° 52 '25 " N , 24 ° 13' 9" O |
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Source height | 159 m above sea level Baltic Sea | |
muzzle |
Vistula near Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki Coordinates: 52 ° 26 ′ 1 ″ N , 20 ° 40 ′ 37 ″ E 52 ° 26 ′ 1 ″ N , 20 ° 40 ′ 37 ″ E |
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Mouth height | 67 m above sea level Baltic Sea | |
Height difference | 92 m | |
Bottom slope | 0.19 ‰ | |
length | 484 km (without Bugonarev lower reaches : 438 km) | |
Catchment area | 75.175 km² (without Bugonarew lower course : 28.856 km²) | |
Discharge at the Zambskach Kościelnych A Eo gauge : 28,000 km² |
MQ Mq |
140 m³ / s 5 l / (s km²) |
Discharge at the mouth of the A Eo : 75,175 km² |
MQ Mq |
328 m³ / s 4.4 l / (s km²) |
Left tributaries | Narewka ( Narauka ), Orlanka , Ślina , Orz , Bug | |
Right tributaries | Supraśl , Biebrza , Pisa , Szkwa , Rozoga ( Rosogga ), Omulew ( Omulef ), Orzyc ( Orschütz ), Wkra | |
Reservoirs flowed through | Zegrze reservoir | |
Medium-sized cities | Łomża | |
Communities | Tykocin | |
Navigable | 312 km | |
Narew in Strękowa Góra |
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Narew in Łomża |
The Narew ( Belarusian Нараў Narau , Ukrainian Нарва Narwa , German historical: Nare ) is a river in Belarus and Poland of 484 km in length, of which 448 km in Poland. 312 km of the Narew are navigable . In terms of natural space, its catchment area lies in the transition zone between the Eastern European lowlands and the Central European lowlands .
Course and valley landscape
The source of the Narew is in the forests of Białowieża in Belarus, north of the city of Brest . The river runs several times in strikingly changing directions through glacial valleys and wide meltwater channels that arose in the run-up to the Ice Age in the Vistula . At Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, north of Warsaw , the Narew flows into the Vistula from the east , shortly after it joins the Western Bug, which is larger at its confluence .
The strongly meandering river is accompanied by numerous oxbow lakes and tributaries and is considered to be one of the last preserved anastomising rivers in Europe. Until a few years ago 151 species of birds bred in high density, such as Spotted Crake , Little Crake , Water Rail , Bittern , Little Bittern , Blaukehlchen or warbler .
The Upper Narew Valley was protected as a Narew Landscape Park in 1985 . Part of it has belonged to the Narew National Park since 1996 . In Poland, it is dammed at the Dębe dam to the Zegrze reservoir .
River system and name question
The Narew is a current example that, contrary to the hydrological features, a name decision can make the tributary appear as the main river. The river system is dominated by two main drainage lines, the Narew and the Bug, which only join shortly before the confluence with the Vistula. The dominance of the bug results from the following characteristics:
Water supply |
Catchment area |
length | |
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Narew | 146 m³ / s | 28,856 km² | 438 km |
Bug | 158 m³ / s | 39,420 km² | 772 km |
Before the Zegrze reservoir (33 km²), located at the mouth of the Bug and Narew, was built in 1962, the Bug was the main river in the neighboring countries. The lower course was also called Bugonarew , Narwio-Bug or Bugo-Narew (among others) . After the damming, the Narew appears to be the more important river because of the wider valley and the local constant flow direction. On December 27, 1962, Prime Minister Jozef Cyrankiewicz declared that the name Narew instead of Bugonarew would henceforth apply to the lower reaches of Poland .
In the upper reaches there is another tributary, the Biebrza , which flows in a glacial valley and with a discharge of 34.9 m³ / s ( Burzynie gauge ) is slightly larger than the Narew itself (32.5 m³ / s, Strękowa Góra gauge ).
At 1,213 kilometers, the Bug - Narew - Vistula drainage route is the longest in the Vistula river system. The Vistula itself has a length of 1048 kilometers.
History
Together with Pisa , Vistula and San , the Narew was supposed to form the border between the German and Soviet spheres of interest , as agreed in the secret additional protocol to the German-Soviet non-aggression pact of August 23, 1939. In the subsequent diplomatic agreements, above all the German-Soviet border and friendship treaty of September 28, 1939, this border was moved east to the Bug at the request of the Soviets and Poland was divided for the fourth time , so that the Narew was no longer relevant as a border played more.
literature
- Johann Christian Wutzke : Description of the Narew river. Compiled in 1818. In: Contributions to the customer of Prussia. Volume 3, Issue 6, Königsberg 1820, pp. 441-485.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Article Narew in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ Dorota Świątek, Stefan Ignar: Modeling of Hydrological Processes in the Narew catchment. Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-642-19059-9 , p. 19, doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-642-19059-9
- ^ Westermann Lexicon of Geography. 2nd Edition. Volume 3, Braunschweig 1973, ISBN 3-14-164013-3 .
- ↑ Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt: Encyclopedia of the European East (EEO) ( Memento of the original from November 22, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Monitor Polski, 1963, no.3, poz. 6th