Narym
| Village
Narym
Нарым
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Narym ( Russian Нары́м ) is a village in Tomsk Oblast ( Russia ). It has 947 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010) and is one of the oldest Russian towns in Siberia .
geography
The village is located in the West Siberian lowlands , about 330 km as the crow flies northwest of the Tomsk Oblast Administrative Center on a right arm of the Ob (Besymjannaja Protoka, "Nameless Arm"). A little above the village, the Ket flows into the Ob with its right branch of the Kopylowskaja Ket.
Narym belongs to Parabelski Rajon and is 25 km as the crow flies north of its administrative center Parabel . In the village is the administrative seat of the rural community Narymskoje selskoje posselenije, which includes the villages of Alatajewo (50 inhabitants; 14 km up the Kopylowskaya Ket beyond the confluence of the Paidugina ) and Lugovskoye (165 inhabitants; 4 km up), as well as the settlements Talinowka (136 inhabitants; 6 km down the right Ob arm) and Shpalosawod (808 inhabitants; immediately beyond the Ob arm to Narym and on the main arm of the river). The total number of inhabitants of the municipality is therefore 2106 (October 14, 2010).
history
Narym is one of the oldest settlements on the other side of the Urals founded by Russian Cossacks during their expansion into Siberia . After Surgut was founded in 1594, Ostrog Narym, more than 500 km upstream, was established in 1596 as the first place on the territory of today's Tomsk Oblast (Tomsk itself was founded in 1604). The name Narym was probably derived from the Selkupic word for swamp .
In 1601 Narym became the “town” as the administrative center of a Ujesd of the same name . The Ostrog was relocated in 1619 and 1632, but the situation on the particularly flat right bank of the Ob, including today's, remained unfavorable: the place often suffers from floods. He was also hit by large fires several times. In 1785 the town charter was renewed and Narym received a coat of arms as the town of the Tobolsk Governorate . In 1822 it came to the Tomsk Governorate , lost its administrative function, but formally remained a city.
Narym played a certain role in the trade in skins , which went from here to the major trade fairs in Irbit and Makarev , later Nizhny Novgorod . An annual "fair" was also held in Narym, but it was mainly of regional importance. The population of the place always remained small and, like its economic importance, finally declined at the turn of the 20th century after the Trans-Siberian Railway was built hundreds of kilometers to the south. In 1925 Narym lost its town charter.
Exile
Narym became known primarily as a place of political exile , especially from the beginning of the 19th century. In the "Narymer exile" (Narymskaja ssylka) were Decembrists (including Nikolai Mosgalewski and Pawel Dunzow-Wygodowski), participants of the Polish uprisings , Populists and finally Social Democrats sent. From this time comes the winged word God created Crimea and the devil Narym ( Бог создал Крым, а чёрт - Нарым ) .
In the 1910s, the majority of those exiled to Narym were Bolsheviks , some of whom were there at the same time, who were able to organize themselves and, in several cases, escape from there. Among them was Josef Stalin as the most prominent for only 39 days in 1904 , but also other high-ranking Soviet functionaries later, such as Jakow Sverdlov (head of state of Soviet Russia ), Valerian Kuibyshev ( People's Commissar and Gosplan Chairman), Alexei Rykow (Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars ), Michail Tomski (Chairman of the All Union Central Council of Trade Unions ) and Alexander Schischkow .
Narym remained a place of exile even during the Soviet period; as a result of the Narym exile - which no longer referred only to the village itself, but to the huge okrug of the same name , which occupied the northwestern part of today's Tomsk Oblast - hundreds of thousands may have passed. Among them was, for example, from 1927 to 1929 the high economic functionary of Latvian origin and director of the Moscow Institute for Economics Ivars (Iwar) Smilga, who was condemned as a “Trotskyist” .
Population development
_(1785).png)
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1633 | 46 |
| 1785 | 827 |
| 1851 | 916 |
| 1867 | 1673 |
| 1879 | 2284 |
| 1897 | 1129 |
| 1911 | 895 |
| 1917 | 1114 |
| 2002 | 1063 |
| 2010 | 947 |
Note: 1897, from 2002 census data
Culture and sights
There is a Museum of Political Exile in Narym . The museum was founded on June 27, 1948 as the Stalin Museum and in 1959 it was converted into a memorial museum for the Bolsheviks exiled to Narym, following the condemnation of the personality cult around Stalin by the XX. Party congress of the CPSU in 1956. Today the role of the place as a place of exile in the Soviet period is also discussed.
The place has retained the character of a Siberian village consisting almost exclusively of wooden houses.
Economy and Infrastructure
For a long time the main branch of industry was forestry ; many residents were also active in the neighboring settlement of Shpalosavod (literally "sleeper factory") in a factory for the manufacture of wooden railway sleepers . The factories were also closed during the economic crisis of the 1990s because of the poor transport connections.
There are only unpaved roads to the neighboring villages. A year-round access to the Russian road network is missing; in winter the ice on the Ob can be skied. In the ice-free season there is also a passenger ship connection on the river.
Sons and daughters of the place
- Vadim Koschewnikow (1909–1984), writer
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ Нарым - Cело Парабельского района Томской области. Narym's story on a private website (in Russian). Retrieved August 30, 2009 .
- ↑ O. Tjapkina: Severnye goroda Zapadnoj Sibiri vo vtoroi polovine XIX v. In: Goroda Sibiri XVIII - načala XX v. Novosibirsk, Barnaul 2001, p. 65–98 ( The northern cities of Western Siberia in the second half of the 19th century , in: The cities of Siberia from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century ; Russian; online ; accessed August 30, 2009).
- ↑ Нарымский музей политической ссылки - Narym Museum of Political Exile - at museum.ru (Russian). Retrieved August 30, 2009 .
