Daffodil anemone

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Daffodil anemone
Hakusanitige.JPG

Daffodil Anemone ( Anemone narcissiflora )

Systematics
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Subfamily : Ranunculoideae
Tribe : Anemoneae
Genre : Anemone ( Anemone )
Type : Daffodil anemone
Scientific name
Anemone narcissiflora
L.

The anemone narcissiflora ( Anemone narcissiflora ), also Narcissus anemones or Alpine Berghähnlein called, is a plant from the genus Anemone ( Anemone ) within the family of Ranunculaceae (Ranunculaceae). It is widespread in the northern hemisphere in Eurasia and North America .

description

Illustration from Anton Hartinger: Atlas of the Alpine flora , 1882
Bloom in detail
Collective fruit with beaten nuts
Habit at the location on the Schynigen Platte (Switzerland) at 2000 meters above sea level

Vegetative characteristics

The narcissus anemone grows as a summer green, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 50 centimeters. The above-ground parts of the plant are hairy ( indument ). The upright stem is protruding shaggy hair. There are always basal leaves that are hand-shaped in three to five parts with a diameter of 4 to 8 centimeters.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to July. Below the inflorescence there are three whorled, sessile, finger-shaped incised bracts (as with all anemone species), they are divided three to five times. Three to eight flowers are grouped together in a golden inflorescence. The hermaphroditic flowers are radially symmetrical with a diameter of 2 to 3 centimeters . The free bracts are white and sometimes reddish on the outside.

The bald nuts have a beaked stylus (in contrast to the pasque flowers ).

The daffodil anemone has diploidy and the number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Occurrence and endangerment

Anemone narcissiflora is widespread in the northern hemisphere in Eurasia and North America . The European distribution area of the narcissus anemone includes the Alps , the Jura , the Vosges and the Sudetes . It is very rare in Central Europe , but at its locations it usually occurs in smaller, conspicuous, but few populations . Outside the Alps, the daffodil anemone can be seen as an ice age relic; this certainly applies to its locations in the foothills of the Alps and in the Swabian Jura.

The daffodil anemone is found in damp and shady mountain meadows. As a relic plant from the Ice Age, it is restricted to certain locations, is moderately common and is therefore protected. It can often be found on the meadows of the Alps, also in crevices and rock rubble . The narcissus anemone can usually be found at altitudes of 700 to 2500 meters; it prefers altitudes between 700 meters in the low mountain ranges and 1800 meters on the edge of the Alps. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises up to 2350 meters above sea level. The daffodil anemone lives in the Alps as well as in the Swabian Jura, in the southern Swiss Jura and in the southern Vosges Mountains in unfertilized mountain meadows, light shrubbery and stony lawns.

It is a very lime-loving plant. The daffodil anemone thrives best on calcareous, even lime-rich , loose, often stony loam or clay soils that are permeated with seepage water and should stay cool in summer. It thrives in societies of the order Seslerietalia, especially those of the associations Seslerion or Caricion ferrugineae, in Elyneten, but also in the association Calamagrostion, in lower altitudes also in Mesobromion.

The narcissus anemone was rated as endangered in Germany's Red List of Endangered Plant Species in 1996. According to the BNatSchG of 1980, it is strictly or particularly protected in Germany.

Systematics

Anemone narcissiflora was first published in 1753 by Carl Linné in his work Species Plantarum in Volume 1 on page 542. Probably due to a printing error, the name Anemone narcissifolia is at this point . Only the word narcissiflora (daffodil-flowered) has a meaning, as the flowers are arranged in a multi-flowered umbel, as in Narcissus tazetta . The word narcissifolia (daffodil-leaved) would have no sense, since the leaves of this species have no resemblance at all to those of the daffodils. In order to correct this error, which has since been passed on in various works as Anemone narcissifolia , the International Botanical Congress in St. Louis (USA) in 1999 decided that the name Anemone narcissiflora should now be defined with this spelling (nomen conservandum). Some authors carry it under the name Anemonastrum narcissiflorum (L.) Holub .

Anemone narcissiflora occurs in Europe in the following subspecies:

  • Anemone narcissiflora subsp. biarmiensis (Juz.) Jalas : It occurs in Europe only in the Urals.
  • Anemone narcissiflora L. subsp. narcissiflora : It occurs in Europe, the Caucasus and Western Asia.

Common names

Common names are narcissus anemone , Narcissus Anemone , mountain chicken , Berghähnlein and Berghünlein and White Sanikel

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Anemonastrum narcissiflorum (L.) Holub, Alpine mountain cockerel. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae. Volume 8 (Nymphaeaceae to Ranunculaceae), Helsinki 1989, ISBN 951-9108-07-6 . Pages 80–81.
  3. ↑ a b c d Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 2 : Yew family to butterfly family . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 527.
  5. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 402-403 .
  6. ↑ data sheet at WISIA .
  7. ↑ Werner Greuter et al .: International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code). In: Regnum Vegetabile. Volume 138, Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein 2000, ISBN 3-904144-22-7 , online version
  8. ↑ Anemone narcissiflora in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
  9. ↑ Anemone narcissiflora at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 2, 2015.
  10. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 28, online.
  11. ↑ Heinrich Marzell : Dictionary of German plant names. (with the assistance of Wilhelm Wissmann and Wolfgang Pfeifer ): Volume I – V, Leipzig, Stuttgart and Wiesbaden 1943–1979, Volume III (from column 481) and IV ed. by Heinz Paul, Volume V (register volume) 1958 with Wilhelm Wissmann; New print Cologne 2000. ISBN 3-88059-982-3 , Volume V, p. 473.

Web links

Commons : Daffodil Anemone ( Anemone narcissiflora )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files