Nature in urban development

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Mill pond in the center of Munster
Playground at Lake Vörder in Bremervörde
Area in front of the historic city wall in Duderstadt

Under the title Natur im Städtebau (abbr. LNS ), three Lower Saxony state exhibitions took place between 1988 and 1994 in three cities in Lower Saxony . They dealt with the consideration and promotion of nature and environmental protection in urban development projects.

Creation and concept

In 1982 the Lower Saxony Ministry of Social Affairs , which was responsible for urban development at the time, held the state competition “Green in the City”, in which many municipalities with more than 8,000 inhabitants took part. Due to its success, this state competition was repeated in 1985, this time municipalities with more than 5000 inhabitants could take part. In 1986 the competition “Citizens, it's about your community” followed at the federal level, in which all Lower Saxony municipalities were able to take part under the motto “Building close to nature in the community”.

However, since the projects in the above-mentioned competitions were individual projects, the idea of ​​the state exhibition "Nature in Urban Development" arose, which was to combine individual projects within a city into an overall project. The focus of the state exhibition was on urban planning and not on horticultural design. No exhibition of gardening and landscaping should be held and no building projects were implemented that only existed during the period of the exhibition. The state exhibition thus deliberately differed from the concept of the state horticultural shows , which had already been successfully carried out in other federal states. While the organization of state horticultural shows should also have been reserved for larger cities, the implementation of a state exhibition “Nature in Urban Development” should also be possible for smaller municipalities.

Exhibitions

The exhibitions took place every three years. As with other state exhibitions, the Prime Minister acted as patron .

1988 in Munster

The city ​​of Munster , located in the Lüneburg Heath , was selected by the Lower Saxony Ministry of Social Affairs under the direction of Hermann Schnipkoweit to host the 1st state exhibition "Nature in Urban Development" due to its green space structure and its urban development policy . The city had previously also participated in the national competitions mentioned above. After an ideas competition in 1986 and two years of preparation, the exhibition took place from May 13th to October 18th, 1988. According to the city of Munster, several 10,000 visitors came to the city on the occasion of the exhibition, the Ministry of Social Affairs wrote of a "quarter of a million" visitors.

The exhibition area stretched in a band along the course of the Örtze river from northwest to southeast through the city and also included the Flüggenhofsee and the Böttcherteich in the north of the city. The measures carried out include the construction and removal of footpaths and cycle paths in places, new construction and upgrading of accompanying greenery on streets and paths, site-appropriate planting and hydraulic engineering measures. In specific projects, for example, the banks of the Örtze and the Böttcherteich were renatured , the Örtze watermill in the city center was renovated and a small animal breeding facility was built on the Flüggenhofsee. In the run-up to the exhibition, the Wilhelm-Bockelmann-Strasse shopping street and the Rathausplatz were redesigned and converted into a pedestrian zone between 1984 and 1986 .

1991 in Bremervörde

All municipalities in Lower Saxony that met specified urban structural requirements and had more than 10,000 inhabitants could apply for the 2nd exhibition in 1991. The city of Bremervörde in northern Lower Saxony emerged as the winner from a selection process in 1987 .

The exhibition area was around Lake Vörder, north of the city center. Parks were created here and linked to the inner-city green spaces. There were also various projects and the creation of themed gardens such as the apothecary garden , the cottage garden and the arboretum . The NABU environmental pyramid is a pyramid-shaped building in which resource-saving construction should be demonstrated in the form of a low-energy house . With the Haus am See , a farm from 1860 has been faithfully restored. In the house of the forest forest-related was environmental education operated. In addition, a world of the senses , a floating stage and a Kneipp facility were built. The exhibition area is reused as a nature and adventure park Bremervörde .

1994 in Duderstadt

Duderstadt in southern Lower Saxony was announced in 1990 as the location of the 3rd state exhibition "Nature in Urban Development". The exhibition took place from April 22nd to October 8th, 1994. During the exhibition, around 300,000 visitors were counted and over 1,000 events were held.

In the run-up to the state exhibition, the ramparts that enclose the historic city center and the remains of the city wall were upgraded in quality and the city park laid out in the east. An open-air theater, playgrounds and community gardens with striking garden huts based on historical models were created here. An environmental factory was set up in the local indoor swimming pool .

Finances

The state exhibitions "Nature in Urban Development" were financially supported by the state of Lower Saxony. From a small inquiry to the Lower Saxony state government in May 1990 it emerges that the preparations for the state exhibitions in 1989 were subsidized with 400,000 DM and in 1990 with 1 million DM from state funds and that this funding provided for 700,000 DM annually from 1991. According to the State Audit Office , the costs of the 1st state exhibition "Nature in Urban Development" amounted to around 6.9 million DM, the state of Lower Saxony made a grant of around 2.7 million DM. The total costs of the 2nd exhibition should be around 42, 5 million DM, of which the city of Bremervörde is said to have contributed 8 million DM and the state around 16 million DM. The income from this exhibition is said to have been around DM 4 million.

Defects identified by the state audit office

The annual report of the Lower Saxony State Court of Auditors criticized for the 1992 financial year, that expenditure of the state government for urban redevelopment measures in Duderstadt in the amount of 5 million DM at the 3rd National Exhibition "Nature in Urban Planning", the Ministry of Finance in violation of the budget law of the State Parliament has been granted were. In its annual report for the 1995 budget year, the State Audit Office notes that measures generally have to be a “specific state interest” in order to be able to receive financial support. The urban and ecological development that is stimulated by the state exhibitions “Nature in Urban Development” is, however, legally the responsibility of the municipalities. For the financial participation in measures that lie outside the specific national interest, an "exemplary impetus" applies as a framework. Since the state exhibition in Bremervörde received large amounts of financial support despite only limited state interest, this framework has been exceeded according to the state audit office.

The report also criticizes the following aspects:

  • The 2nd exhibition in Bremervörde has "commercialized" and thus financially adjusted to the size of federal and state horticultural shows
  • Financial aspects in the form of cost estimates did not play a role in the selection of the exhibition location in the award procedure
  • Unclear areas of responsibility between the state ministries and the district governments that were still in existence at the time led to incorrect approval procedures for subsidies and, as a result, to difficulties in checking the application

Previously, the handling of the financial resources for the state competitions "Green in the City" had been criticized by the State Audit Office.

Aftermath

Commemorative plaque on the occasion of the exhibition in Duderstadt

In the selection process in 1990, the city of Braunschweig also awarded a 4th state exhibition , which was supposed to be held in 1996, but no longer took place.

The Expo 2000 was not directly connected to the state exhibitions “Nature in Urban Development”, but various projects were carried out during the world exhibition that focused on ecology and environmental protection. In the expo settlement Kronsberg in Hanover, special emphasis was placed on environmentally friendly building.

In 2002 the first Lower Saxony State Horticultural Show took place in the Park of the Gardens in Bad Zwischenahn . Since no state horticultural show had taken place in Lower Saxony up to this point in time, the state exhibitions "Nature in Urban Development" were occasionally referred to as "State horticultural shows", although the events conceptually differed (see section Development and Concept ).

In particular, the green structure of the exhibition venues was permanently changed by the state exhibitions. According to the Göttinger Tageblatt , the state exhibition “Nature in Urban Development” for Duderstadt was “the impetus and catalyst for developments that have shaped the city to this day”. Accordingly, the focus was on long-term and sustainable projects to redesign the city as a living space. Individual projects in the exhibitions also had a long-lasting effect. The house of the forest in Bremervörde for example, was used until 2019 as an environmental education center, before it be demolished for structural reasons had.

literature

  • Peter Hübotter, Günter Nagel: 1st State Exhibition Nature in Urban Development - Munster 1988 . Ed .: The Lower Saxony Minister of Social Affairs. Hanover 1988.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Peter Hübotter, Günter Nagel: 1st State Exhibition Nature in Urban Development - Munster 1988 . Ed .: The Lower Saxony Minister of Social Affairs. Hanover 1988. pp. 1-2
  2. ↑ a b Peter Hübotter, Günter Nagel: 1st State Exhibition Nature in Urban Development - Munster 1988 . Ed .: The Lower Saxony Minister of Social Affairs. Hanover 1988. p. 34
  3. ↑ Peter Hübotter, Günter Nagel: 1st State Exhibition Nature in Urban Development - Munster 1988 . Ed .: The Lower Saxony Minister of Social Affairs. Hanover 1988. p. 3
  4. ^ City of Munster: Stadtgeschichte , munster.de, accessed on July 1, 2020.
  5. ↑ Lower Saxony State Parliament - printed matter 11/3713 (PDF, 416 kB) , landtag-niedersachsen.de, accessed on July 1, 2020.
  6. ↑ Peter Hübotter, Günter Nagel: 1st State Exhibition Nature in Urban Development - Munster 1988 . Ed .: The Lower Saxony Minister of Social Affairs. Hanover 1988.
  7. ↑ Böhme-Zeitung: “Natur im Städtebau” gives Munster a boost , boehme-zeitung.de, August 19, 2013, accessed on July 1, 2020.
  8. ↑ Peter Hübotter, Günter Nagel: 1st State Exhibition Nature in Urban Development - Munster 1988 . Ed .: The Lower Saxony Minister of Social Affairs. Hanover 1988. p. 82
  9. ↑ a b Göttinger Tageblatt: Nature in Urban Development: “Climate Conference” in Duderstadt , goettinger-tageblatt.de, June 11, 2019, accessed on July 1, 2020.
  10. ↑ Lower Saxony State Parliament - printed matter 12/943 (PDF, 47 kB) , landtag-niedersachsen.de, accessed on July 1, 2020.
  11. ↑ a b c d Lower Saxony State Parliament - printed matter 13/2900 (PDF, 6.3 MB) , pp. 70–74, landtag-niedersachsen.de, accessed on July 1, 2020.
  12. ↑ Lower Saxony State Parliament - printed matter 12/6240 (PDF, 5.1 MB) , pp. 10–13, landtag-niedersachsen.de, accessed on July 1, 2020.
  13. ↑ Lower Saxony State Parliament - printed matter 11/2570 (PDF, 4.4 MB) , pp. 23–26, landtag-niedersachsen.de, accessed on July 1, 2020.
  14. ↑ a b Göttinger Tageblatt: State Exhibition Nature in Urban Development (LNS) in Duderstadt 20 years ago , goettinger-tageblatt.de, March 17, 2014, accessed on July 1, 2020.
  15. ↑ Haus des Waldes in Bremervörde , landesforsten.de, March 3, 2020, accessed on July 1, 2020.