New Annenfriedhof
The new Anne Cemetery is a cemetery in Dresden district Löbtau , which is a listed building. With the old Annenfriedhof in the Dresden Südvorstadt it belongs to the Association of Annenfriedhöfe Dresden.
history
The Annenfriedhöfe
The New Annenfriedhof is the fourth Annenfriedhof in the city of Dresden. The first Annenfriedhof was laid out around the Annenkirche in 1578 as the Annenkirchhof and was used until the end of the 18th century. In 1828 the first Anne Cemetery was closed. Already in 1712 the second Annenfriedhof was inaugurated not far from the Annenkirche at today's Sternplatz , on which tombs were built in the following years. It owned numerous artistically valuable graves and also became a place for tombstones in the Frauenkirchhof, which was secularized until 1727 . A special feature of the second Annenfriedhof was that it served as the final resting place for all executioners in Dresden. The graves of the Kreuzkantors Johann Christoph Petritz and Basilius Petritz , as well as the founder of education for the blind in Saxony, Emanuel Gottlieb Flemming , were also found in the cemetery. The second Dresden Annenfriedhof was closed in 1854 due to lack of space and secularized until 1914.
The third Annenfriedhof, now known as the “Alter Annenfriedhof”, was consecrated in 1848 and is still in operation today. Selected grave sculptures from the second Annenfriedhof found their new location on it. It houses numerous tombs of well-known personalities, such as Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld , Emil Devrient , Pauline Ulrich , Gustav Anton Zeuner and Johann Karl Ulrich Bähr . Despite an expansion in 1863, the old Annenfriedhof soon became too small for the Annengemeinde, so that on June 23, 1875 the new Annenfriedhof on Wilsdruffer Chaussee, today Kesselsdorfer Straße, was consecrated. The first burials took place on July 8, 1875.
The New Anne Cemetery
The Neue Annenfriedhof is the first cemetery in Dresden "where aesthetic interests in gardening were implemented on a [large] scale." The largest cemetery in the city at the time of its inauguration was designed by garden architect Max Bertram as a regularly designed park. Hawthorn was used to enclose the site, and hundreds of linden, maple and elm trees were supposed to purify the air according to new hygienic findings. The New Annenfriedhof was consecrated on June 23, 1875, the first burial took place on July 8, 1875. Although the cemetery offers space for 44,000 grave sites, from the beginning less than half of the possible sites were actually created as graves due to the facility as a park.
The specialty of the New Anne Cemetery lies in its monumental entrance design, which was based on the Italian Camposanto architecture, according to which the entrance areas to the Monumental Cemetery Staglieno in Genoa , the Cemetery Complex Camposanto Monumentale in Pisa and the Cimitero Monumentale in Milan were designed. In Germany around 1875 only the Old South Cemetery in Munich had a comparable entrance area.
The facility was built from 1875 to 1878 and inaugurated on March 17, 1878. In the center of the complex designed by the architect and Semper student Robert Wimmer in the neo-renaissance style was a 20-meter-high, monumental dome that housed the mourning hall. It was richly decorated with "columns, pilasters, decorated cornices, plastic ornaments and paintings" and contained, among other things, the painting Heavenly Jerusalem by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld . On both sides of the dome there were arcades with columned halls, in which there were a total of 22 tombs. They were preferred by the upper middle class of Dresden as representative burial sites. Here, for example, the technician Friedrich Siemens , brother of the electrical engineer Werner von Siemens , found his final resting place. The sculptor Johannes Schilling created his grave monument of a genius with a lowered torch . Decorative elements such as angel figures facing the street were created by Gustav Adolph Kietz , four reliefs with scenes of the death and resurrection of Christ were by Martin Engelke (1852–1932).
The domed hall was destroyed by a bomb before the air raids on Dresden in January 1945. The arcades and tombs were preserved. The dome was not rebuilt, individual pieces of rubble are now in their original arrangement in the forecourt of the complex. A new celebration hall is located in one of the preserved side wings.
As early as 1897, the “Friede und Hope” cemetery of the Löbtau parish was built on the west side of the New Annenfriedhof. After the end of the Second World War , it was incorporated into the Neue Annenfriedhof.
Parts of the New Annenfriedhof have been partially closed since 1998, which means that no new burials will take place there. Anonymous burial is not possible at either of the preserved Annenfriedhöfe cemeteries.
On October 31, 2017, members of the Ev.-Luth. Parish Peace & Hope and the association Denk Mal Fort! e. V. on the New Annenfriedhof on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation a Luther oak , which is one of the memorial trees in Dresden .
Graves
Memorials
Today there are two memorials for victims of the two world wars on the Neuer Annenfriedhof , as the Neue Annenfriedhof and the “Friede und Hoffnung” cemetery each had their own memorial and both sites are now united. The memorial on the former "Peace and Hope" facility shows a wounded man on a stone plinth with a soldier kneeling over him. The memorial of the New Annenfriedhof is a circular area with a raised metal cross. Boards attached on both sides give the start and end dates of both world wars.
Shortly before the end of the Second World War, more than 600 victims of the air raid on Dresden on April 17, 1945 were buried in a mass grave in the southern part of the New Annenfriedhof. A large wooden cross and an inscription on this grave site today commemorate the victims of the air raids. Only some of the victims were known by name and are named on individual boards. A total of 924 bomb deaths rest in the New Annenfriedhof, most of them in two grave fields. Among them are 56 forced laborers who died in the air raids and two prisoners of war.
Graves of famous people
The family grave of the industrialist Friedrich Siemens is located in the New Annenfriedhof. Many members of the Bierling family found their final resting place in the New Annenfriedhof. In addition to the bells of Dresden churches, the Dresden Gänsediebbrunnen , the “Still Waters” and “Stormy Waves” fountains by Robert Diez on Albertplatz and the Luther memorial in front of the Dresden Frauenkirche also come from their foundry.
In front of the New Annenfriedhof to the right of the entrance area there is a memorial stone for the geologist Abraham Gottlob Werner , who was the founder of scientific geology and professor at the Freiberg Mining Academy . In the immediate vicinity of the memorial stone, on the night of July 2nd to 3rd, 1817, "the mortal Hüller Werner was given the greatest solemnity to the representatives of the mining academy and the mining and metallurgy industry for burial in Freiberg." reminiscent of minerals, was donated in 1818 by the Mineralogical Society of Dresden.
Well-known personalities who were buried in the New Annenfriedhof are:
- Karl Gustav Ackermann , politician
- Roland Adolph , pastor
- Lothar Barke , animator
- C. Albert Bierling , entrepreneur
- Rudolf Braune , writer
- Paul Büttner , composer
- Hermann Friedrich Friedrich , writer
- Christian Habicht , actor
- Ernst Karl Wilhelm Kaps
- Hermann Reichelt , aviation pioneer
- Emmy von Rhoden , writer
- Friedrich Siemens , entrepreneur
- Otto Sprengel , surgeon
- Alfred Thiele , resistance fighter (urn transferred to the Heidefriedhof)
Web links
- The official website of the new and the old Annenfriedhof
- The New Annenfriedhof on dresdner-stadtteile.de
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Christian Hasche: Complicated description of Dresden with all its external and internal peculiarities . Schwickert, Leipzig 1781, p. 705.
- ^ Marion Stein: Cemeteries in Dresden . Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 2000, p. 104.
- ↑ A notice in the cemetery indicates that 40% of the cemetery area is covered with graves, dresdner-stadtteile.de currently indicates 6000 existing graves.
- ^ Saxon Engineers and Architects Association (ed.): The buildings, technical and industrial plants of Dresden . Meinhold, Dresden 1878, p. 158.
- ↑ See information on dresdner-stadtteile.de
- ↑ Text on the plaque in front of the memorial stone.
Coordinates: 51 ° 2 ′ 25.9 ″ N , 13 ° 41 ′ 45.9 ″ E