Nikolassee

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Nikolassee
Nikolassee-001.JPG
Nikolassee, southern part
Geographical location Berlin-Nikolassee
Data
Coordinates 52 ° 25 '27 "  N , 13 ° 11' 33"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 25 '27 "  N , 13 ° 11' 33"  E
Map of Nikolassee
surface 5.6 ha

The Nikolassee is a Grundwassersee with an area of approximately 5.6  hectares in the same Berlin district Nikolassee in the Steglitz-Zehlendorf . The district was created in 1901 as a villa colony and took its name from the lake. With the Wannseebahn station of the same name , the lake and district are integrated into the city's S-Bahn network and have been part of Greater Berlin, which was founded at the time, since 1920 .

Geology and natural space

The Nikolassee forms the last, southern link of the Grunewaldsee chain before the Havel . The character of the chain of lakes as a glacial gully from the Ice Age can be clearly seen in the elongated depression and depression of the Rehwiese , which connects the Nikolassee to the northeast with the Schlachtensee . Since there is hardly any water flowing through the lowland, the Nikolassee is now fed by a pumping station from the Großer Wannsee . The natural drainage took place via the Nikolas Graben , which flows north of Sandwerder into the Großer Wannsee.

Lowering the groundwater level

Restoration of St. Nicholas Lake in 1910

From 1888 the Beelitzhof I waterworks and from 1894 the Beelitzhof II waterworks pumped considerable amounts of groundwater, which led to a lowering of the groundwater level, so that the water level of the lower Grunewald lakes, Schlachtensee, Krumme Lanke, Nikolassee and Riemeistersee, fell by over two meters. The Nikolassee had dried up by 1910, as had the “Riemeistersee” in 1911, which has only existed as a fen since then. A protection association for the preservation of the Grunewald lakes was formed , in which the architect Hermann Muthesius , who lives in Nikolassee, was also involved. Finally, a contract was signed between the operator of the waterworks, the Charlottenburg waterworks, and the royal government of Potsdam on February 26, 1913, in which the waterworks undertook to feed water from the Wannsee into the chain of lakes, “around the currently lower water level to increase to the ordinate +31.6 m above sea ​​level and maintain this height ”. With the excavation of the neighboring Beelitzhof buildings, the lake received a new bed and was refilled from 1913.

Landscape protection areas

Rehwiese and Nikolassee have been designated as a landscape protection area with an area of ​​25.6 hectares since 1960 . Although the Nikolassee is cut through by the heavily frequented AVUS , a section of the federal highway 115 , directly at the Zehlendorf interchange at the intersection with the federal highway 1 , it was able to be preserved as a biotope . Its swampy environment offers the remains of valuable alluvial forests the necessary soaked soil. In addition to the eels , tench , pike , carp , catfish and pikeperch typical of the Grunewald lakes , bitterlings from the carp family are native to the Nikolassee . From the Rehwiese, a wide footpath and bike path leads under the motorway to the lake. Bathing is no longer allowed. In winter, the frozen lake is popular with winter sports enthusiasts, especially ice hockey players.

St. Clawes Lake

Nicholas of Myra (Russian icon by Aleksa Petrov, 1294)

The Nikolassee got its name from the influential Lehnin monastery of the Cistercian order , who owned the lake together with the village "Slatdorp" at the "Slatsee" (Schlachtensee) in 1242 by the ruling Ascanian margraves Johann I and Otto III. bought: "... villa Slauicali, que Slatdorp digitur, et duobus stagnis Slatse et Tusen ..." The lake "Tusen" mentioned in the document after the "Slatse" is very likely to be the Nikolassee, which is then used by the monks in honor of St. Nicholas ( Middle Low German "Klawes") "St. Clawes See “.

A document from 1591 still lists him under this name, and in 1652 the name “Niclas See” appears. The Spandau inheritance register from 1704 contains the entry “Drey Seen als Crummenlancksche, Schlachten und Nicolaus Seen […]” and thus finally makes it “Nikolaus See” or today “Nikolassee”.

See also

literature

  • Gerhard Schlimpert: Brandenburg name book. Vol. 3: Part 3, The place names of the Teltow. Böhlau, Weimar 1972, quotations p. 143.
  • Stephan Warnatsch: History of the Lehnin Monastery 1180–1542, studies on the history, art and culture of the Cistercians. Volume 12.1, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2000 (also: Berlin, Freie Universität, dissertation , 1999), ISBN 3-931836-45-2 , for sale by Nikolassee pp. 64, 239.
  • Stephan Warnatsch: Register of registers. Volume 12.2, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-931836-46-0 , purchase certificate Slatdorp No. 81.

Web links

Commons : Nikolassee  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Am Beelitzhof - Beelitzhof waterworks ( memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. schroederniko.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.schroederniko.de