Riemeisterfenn

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Fenn Canal and the rest of the lake

The Riemeisterfenn is a nature reserve in the Berlin district of Steglitz-Zehlendorf on the edge of the Grunewald . The Fenn is a swampy , swampy depression of the Riemeistersee, which has largely silted up since the beginning of the 20th century and, as one of the last Berlin moors, is one of the remains of the original vegetation. It is part of the Grunewald chain of lakes and connects - today by canal - the south-western Krumme Lanke with the nature reserve Langes Luch to the north .

Hydrogeology

Lowering the groundwater level

Muddy-swampy part

In the 50 years between 1861 and 1910, Berlin's population quadrupled from 500,000 to over two million inhabitants; when it merged in 1920 , the greater Berlin area had almost four million inhabitants. In order to secure the supply of drinking water , various wells were built to extract groundwater . Although the geologically young Berlin glacial valley , like the glacial channel of the Grunewald lake chain, has a high groundwater level, the level sank so far as a result of the extraction that the Grunewald lakes and bogs no longer have a groundwater connection. In 1911, the Riemeistersee fell dry, two years later the Berlin waterworks began the measure, which is still necessary today, of pumping water into the Havel lake chain in order to preserve the wetlands and the banks of the lakes. On the north side, the Fenn Canal leads the water past the site to the Langen Luch and the Grunewaldsee .

Riemeisterfenn waterworks

Riemeisterfenn waterworks

In 1957, the waterworks built the Riemeisterfenn waterworks at the southwest end of the nature reserve , the technical systems of which were buried at great expense to protect the landscape. The building with its huge thatched roof that is pulled down low does not give the impression of a technical structure. The daily delivery capacity of the 28 meter deep horizontal filter well with its 13 filter lines and two submersible pumps is 20,400 m³ of water. The comparatively small plant thus only contributes around 2.3% to the output of all Berlin waterworks and mainly serves to supply the villa districts in the vicinity. Nevertheless, "the problem of groundwater extraction from the forests [...] remains topical to this day," as Reiner Cornelius summarized in 1995 in a statement in the operating plan of the "Berlin Forests" from 1930: For example, the originally abundant prerequisites for the cultivation of demanding hardwoods were so spoiled by the lowering of the groundwater level that their upbringing could only be justified economically today in a limited area. ”In the 1990s, the waterworks was shut down due to need. However, it was operational and ready for use again at any time. From 2007 to 2012 the thatched roof house was rented for catering purposes, after which the building was empty.

On the evening of November 7, 2018, a fire broke out in the thatched roof for an unexplained cause. The building was severely damaged, the roof burned out completely. Even before the fire, it was planned to demolish the building as part of the recommissioning of the horizontal filter well for the Beelitzhof waterworks.

natural reserve

Swan flower Butomus umbellatus
European pike Esox lucius

Protection purpose and flora

The "nature reserve" Riemeisterfenn covers an area of ​​7.2  hectares and, according to the ordinance of May 4, 1987, is to preserve the " flora and fauna of mesotrophic moor ponds and alder forests still existing there " and to open up new settlement opportunities. The "silting vegetation" should develop without disturbance and the layer structure of the moor area should be preserved. Rare wild plants such as the endangered marsh orchid (Orchis palustris) or the swan flower find the nutrient-poor, acidic water that they depend on in the Riemeisterfenn. The alder forests are to be promoted by changing wet zones, alien plants such as the late bird cherry (Prunus serotina) and the ash maple (Acer negundo) are to be eliminated.

Dam break

The consequent implementation of the protective measures with the closure of the area to the moor did not come until twelve years later. In 1998, a Senate ordinance closed a connection between the Fenn and the lakes, which had formed after a dam broke in the 1960s. This measure was controversial, as the original lake had partially formed again and already had a population of eels , pikes and carp . With the water supply, the bog biotope with its nutrient-poor and acidic water and the flora and fauna that depend on it was threatened. The Berlin Senate gave preference to the rare plants and the formation of bog; the fish suffocated after the dam was closed. Since then, however, the lake has again expanded considerably.

Naming

In Zehlendorf, in addition to the Riemeisterfenn, the Riemeisterstraße and the Riemeister primary school are named after Riemeister. The chronicler Fritz Krüger writes:

“In 1251 the margraves sold the village of Crummensee to the Lehnin monastery . 50 years later, the abbot merged the dilapidated village with Zehlendorf and appointed a foreman to oversee the forests and lakes. "Riedmeister" became "Riemeister". The Riemeistersee was named directly after its manager and the name found its way into various names. "

- Fritz Kruger

Uncle Toms Hut

sign

Onkel-Tom-Straße separates the Riemeisterfenn in the northeast from the Long Luch. The street got its name from the former excursion restaurant Onkel Toms Hütte , which was popular and famous among Berliners with its rustic, rustic charm. In 1884 the city granted permission to build a farm house with a massive stable, from which a year later the Riemeister pub emerged near the south-east bank of the lake that was still in existence at the time. The inn was supposed to close the supply gap in the excursion traffic between the local fisherman's hut on the Schlachtensee and Paulsborn on the Grunewaldsee. The thatched wooden hall with coffee garden soon animated the Berlin vernacular to call it Uncle Tom's Hut , which then caught on. In 1978 the building, which had been in disrepair for a long time, was demolished; the site is now used by a riding club of the same name, which operates a public riding bar on its site.
The Onkel Toms Hütte underground station, which opened in 1929 and is located around 700 meters to the east, was also named after the restaurant.

See also

literature

  • Reiner Cornelius: history of forest development . Ed. Senate Department for Urban Development and Environmental Protection Berlin, Series Monitoring Program Naturhaushalt, Volume 3, Distribution by Kulturbuchverlag Berlin, 1st edition 1995 ISSN  0946-3631 Quotation and reproduction from Berliner Forsten 1930, explanation of the operating plan [...] p. 38
  • Katharina Körting: Greens and authorities are fighting over a bog . In: Berliner Zeitung , April 9, 1999; to the dam break and fish deaths

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b The old Riemeisterfenn waterworks. In: rbb 88.8 . Rundfunk Berlin Brandenburg , November 7, 2018, accessed on November 10, 2018 .
  2. ^ Stephan-Peter Müller: Fire of a disused pumping station. In: Mission reports. Berlin Fire Brigade, November 7, 2018, accessed on November 10, 2018 .
  3. ↑ The old waterworks burned. In: Police report. The police chief in Berlin , November 8, 2018, accessed on November 10, 2018 .
  4. ^ Grunewald: Thatched roof burned down by the Riemeisterfenn waterworks. In: Berliner Morgenpost. November 8, 2018, accessed November 10, 2018 .

Web links

Commons : Riemeisterfenn nature reserve  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 52 ° 27 ′ 19 ″  N , 13 ° 14 ′ 37 ″  E