Grünauer Cross

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View from the signal box to the Berlin outer ring with a long-distance train and an S-Bahn on the Görlitzer Bahn , 1980

At the Grünauer Kreuz in the southeast of Berlin, the Berlin outer ring has crossed the Berlin – Görlitz railway line since 1952 . A series of connecting curves allow direct journeys from all in all directions. A rich flora and fauna has developed in the area between the tracks, which is inaccessible to the public. Since 2004 the area has been designated as a nature reserve.

location

The Grünauer Kreuz is located in the southeast of the city on the border of the districts Altglienicke and Grünau . The intersection of the routes is south of the Teltow Canal near the eagle frame at route kilometer 12.0 of the Görlitzer Bahn (counted from the former Görlitzer train station in Kreuzberg ) and at kilometer 40.0 of the Berlin outer ring (counted from Michendorf train station ). The S-Bahn route to Schönefeld Airport and on to Berlin Brandenburg Airport begins at Grünauer Kreuz .

history

Bridge of the former connecting curve from the outer freight ring to Grünau station

The Görlitzer Bahn has been opening up the area since 1866, for a long time without being linked to other routes. Plans for a bypass from the 1920s were not implemented in this area. During the time of National Socialism , the outer freight ring was built instead, with a route that was partially different from the older plans , and was provisionally put into operation on a single track at the turn of the year 1940/1941. The route ran southwest of the Grünauer Kreuz roughly in the position of today's S-Bahn line via Altglienicke, northeast of it roughly like today's Berlin outer ring. The outer freight ring crossed the Görlitzer Bahn in the area of ​​today's Grünauer Kreuz; Connecting curves were created from the south-west both to the Kanne block (and on to Adlershof) and to Grünau train station. After the Second World War , a connecting curve from Grünau to the north followed in 1947.

With the division of Germany and Berlin, the need grew for the GDR to create an efficient connection from the eastern part of Berlin to the routes towards Dresden , Leipzig , Dessau and Magdeburg , bypassing West Berlin . The Berlin outer ring went into operation at the end of 1951. Since the line in this area had to accommodate practically all traffic from Berlin to the south of the GDR, a system of connecting curves was created that offered travel options both via the Görlitzer Bahn and via the outer ring in the direction of Wuhlheide without crossing the opposite tracks. On December 10, 1951, the outer ring and the tracks of the Grünauer Kreuz were opened.

On January 16, 1957, the central signal box in Grünauer Kreuz went into operation, initially for the long-distance railway, and from 1963 also for the S-Bahn.

To connect Schönefeld Airport to the Berlin S-Bahn network, a S-Bahn line was planned as early as the late 1950s. After the Berlin Wall was built in August 1961, it was necessary to implement it quickly. On February 26, 1962, the S-Bahn line branching off from the line to Königs Wusterhausen at Grünauer Kreuz went into operation. A continuation along the eastern outer ring in the direction of Wuhlheide was planned, corresponding preliminary construction work was carried out in the Grünauer Kreuz. However, the route was never built.

Bridge of the connection route from the Görlitzer Bahn to the outer ring north of the Grünauer Kreuz over the Adlergestell

On October 21, 1965, the connection from Schöneweide to Abzw Wendenheide on the Berlin outer ring north of the Grünauer Kreuz was opened.

On September 25, 1983, the electrical catenary in the Grünauer Kreuz first went into operation from Schönefeld to Berlin-Grünau station, followed by the section on the Görlitzer Bahn to Berlin-Schöneweide on June 2, 1984 and on June 1, 1985 to the north on the outer ring . In 1985, work began on the double-track expansion of the S-Bahn line between Grünauer Kreuz and Altglienicke station , which required some modifications in the Grünauer Kreuz and preliminary payments for the extension of the S-Bahn to the north had to be removed.

The long-distance tracks in Grünauer Kreuz have been connected to an electronic signal box since March / April 2003, and the central signal box in Grünauer Kreuz has only been used for S-Bahn traffic since then. Since May 2004 the area between the tracks southwest of the eagle frame has been under nature protection .

stretch

Below: track of the Görlitzer Bahn out of town (left) and connection Berlin-Grünau to the outer ring to the north, above: connections from the outer ring in the direction of Schönefeld to Berlin-Grünau (front) and to the Görlitzer Bahn inward

At the Grünauer Kreuz the route of the Berlin outer ring crosses the Görlitzer Bahn. Connections between the long-distance railway tracks allow travel from all directions in all directions. You are at the junctions at Grünauer Kreuz West (operational abbreviation: BGK W) on the Görlitzer Bahn in the direction of Berlin, Grünauer Kreuz Nord (BGK N) on the outer ring in the direction of Wuhlheide– Biesdorfer Kreuz and Grünauer Kreuz Süd (BGK S) on the outer ring Schönefeld and in the Berlin-Grünau train station (BGA) are linked. Most of the connection routes are designed in such a way that they can be threaded out in both directions without any level. As a result, the two tracks of the individual routes are spatially separated, so that a large number of ramifications have arisen.

The connection from the Görlitzer Bahn from Berlin to the outer ring in the north is north of the actual Grünauer Kreuz and leads from the Berlin-Adlershof Abzw (BSAD) junction to the Berlin Wendenheide (BWDH) junction . Apart from these long-distance lines, there is also the S-Bahn line in the area of ​​the Grünauer Kreuz as part of the Görlitzer Bahn, from which the line to the airport branches off at the Grünauer Kreuz Südost (BGKR) junction. In detail, the following electrified routes run in the area of ​​the cross:

Junction at Grünauer Kreuz Süd, the signal box in the background

Long-distance railway

  • 6126 Berlin outer ring, double track
  • 6142 Berlin Görlitzer Bf – Görlitz, two-track, the tracks in both directions are spatially separated in the area of ​​the Grünauer Kreuz
  • 6144 Berlin-Adlershof Abzw – Abzw Berlin Wendenheide
    3.7 kilometer long single-track connection from the Görlitzer Bahn from Schöneweide to the outer ring towards Wuhlheide. The route runs north of the Teltow Canal a bit away from the actual Grünauer Kreuz. The line initially branches off to the right, then crosses under the tracks of the Görlitzer Bahn, crosses the eagle frame on an arched steel bridge and reaches the outer ring from the Wendenheide junction. The Wendenheide     transfer station, which has since been dismantled , used to be on the route .
  • 6145 Abzw Grünauer Kreuz West – Abzw Grünauer Kreuz Süd
    1.5 kilometer long double-track connection from the Görlitzer Bahn in the direction of Schöneweide to the outer ring in the direction of Schönefeld, the tracks in both directions are spatially separated
  • 6146 Berlin-Grünau-Grünauer Kreuz Süd
    1.5 km long single-track connection from the Görlitzer Bahn in the direction of Grünau to the outer ring in the direction of Schönefeld
  • 6147 Berlin-Grünau-Grünauer Kreuz Nord
    2.4 km long double-track connection from the Görlitzer Bahn in the direction of Grünau to the outer ring in the direction of Wuhlheide, the tracks in both directions are spatially separated

S-Bahn
The following S-Bahn lines run in the area of ​​the Grünauer Kreuz, both are double-tracked and electrified with direct current:

Nature reserve

Landscape in the area of ​​the tracks of the Grünauer Kreuz
Plumpengraben on the edge of the NSG

The nature reserve (NSG) "Grünauer Kreuz" was designated by ordinance of May 4, 2004. It is 34.2  hectares and includes most of the railway facilities. It is limited by the streets Am Falkenberg, Am Seegraben and Adlergestell as well as the allotment gardens Kanne, Birkenwäldchen, Meisengrund and Falkenbrunn. The area of ​​the NSG also includes the site of the decommissioned Altglienicke waterworks outside the railway facilities, with the exception of the area of ​​the buildings.

The protection purpose includes on the one hand "the poor and dry grasslands, the semi-ruderal semi-dry grasslands with transitions to warmth-loving herbaceous vegetation, the heathland, the near-natural woody areas and forest communities, the aquatic and silted vegetation" and on the other hand "the bird, amphibian, reptile and Butterfly faunas and the aquatic insects and mollusks ”.

The area consists partly of mixed forest, partly of open terrain with heathland and individual bodies of water. The extraordinary biodiversity, including insects , and one of the largest populations of sand lizards in Berlin are highlighted .

With the exception of a short stretch of road in the area of ​​the waterworks, the area is not open to the public; access to the signal box is only possible for railway employees.

Web links

Commons : Grünauer Kreuz  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • NSG Grünauer Kreuz on the website of the Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bernd Kuhlmann: Schönefeld near Berlin. One office, one airport and eleven train stations . Verlag GVE, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-89218-038-5 , p. 27
  2. ^ Bernd Kuhlmann: Schönefeld near Berlin. One office, one airport and eleven train stations . Verlag GVE, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-89218-038-5 , p. 50
  3. ↑ The Grünauer S-Bahn-Kreuz on electric-bis-kw-de , accessed on February 25, 2016.
  4. ↑ a b Bernd Kuhlmann: Schönefeld near Berlin. One office, one airport and eleven train stations . Verlag GVE, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-89218-038-5 , p. 56
  5. ↑ Bernd Kuhlmann: Bahnknoten Berlin, The development of the Berlin railway network since 1838 . Verlag GVE, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-89218-099-7 , p. 278.
  6. ↑ Bernd Kuhlmann: Bahnknoten Berlin, The development of the Berlin railway network since 1838 . Verlag GVE, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-89218-099-7 , pp. 280-281.
  7. ↑ Bernd Kuhlmann: Bahnknoten Berlin, The development of the Berlin railway network since 1838 . Verlag GVE, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-89218-099-7 , pp. 289-290.
  8. ↑ a b c d Ordinance on the Grünauer Kreuz nature reserve in the Treptow-Köpenick district of Berlin from May 4, 2004 , published in the Law and Ordinance Gazette for Berlin, Volume 60, No. 23, June 2, 2004, online .
  9. ↑ a b NSG Grünauer Kreuz on the website of the Senate Department for Urban Development and Environment, accessed on February 25, 2016.
  10. ↑ Berlin House of Representatives: Small question from MP Stefan Ziller ( Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen ) of November 18, 2010 and answer online

Coordinates: 52 ° 25 ′ 13.2 ″  N , 13 ° 33 ′ 33.3 ″  E