Grunewald chain of lakes

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The Grunewaldseenkette or Grunewaldrinne is a chain of lakes in the Berlin districts of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf and Steglitz-Zehlendorf . As a glacial channel, the chain connects the Havel ( Großer Wannsee ) and Spree in a north-easterly direction , a distinction being made between the “large” and “small” chain of lakes. There is also a smaller side channel along the Wilmersdorf park in an easterly direction. The history of the lakes and the development of the lowlands write a piece of Berlin city history.

Geology and location

Glacial gutters

Course 1885 Schlachtensee – Spree, still without artificial lakes

The lakes lie in two meltwater channels from the last Ice Age , which is why the Grunewald chain of lakes is geologically more appropriately referred to as the Grunewald channel . This represents a glacial channel that was formed a little more than 20,000 years ago in the Brandenburg stage of the Weichselian glacial period and intersected the sandy-loamy plateau of the Teltow . The water level of the Schlachtensee fell by two meters and that of the Grunewaldsee and Krumme Lanke by one meter due to wells and water extraction to supply the city, which resulted in a lowering of the groundwater level . The Nikolassee even fell completely dry in 1910 , as did the Riemeistersee in 1911, which has only existed as a fen since then . The wetlands of the two Fenne and the Luchs as well as the bank areas of the lakes could only be saved by reversing the natural direction of flow by pumping Havel water from the Great Wannsee into the groundwater-fed chain of lakes since 1913 . Recent measures are leading to an initial recovery of the groundwater level in parts of the Berlin glacial valley .

The chains and their lakes

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The Große Grunewaldseenkette runs on the eastern edge of the Grunewald and begins around 500 meters south of the Wannsee lido with the now dry Nikolasgraben , which leads to the southernmost lake in the chain, the Nikolassee . The Nikolassee connects the - now also dry - lowlands of the Rehwiese with the Schlachtensee , followed by the Krumme Lanke , the Riemeistersee , which is largely silted up to the Riemeisterfenn, and the canal connection in the Langen Luch to the Grunewaldsee . The Hundekehlegraben leads from Grunewaldsee through Hundekehlefenn to Hundekehlesee .

The subsequent small Grunewaldseenkette passing through built-up urban area and consists of the 1889 for the villa colony Grunewald through levy of bogs artificial lakes Dianasee and Koenigssee , the existing water Halensee and Lietzensee , runs in a northeasterly direction diagonally through the south of the Charlottenburg Palace located baroque City complex, forms the Nasse Dreieck (now a sports field) in the Hebbel , Fritsche and Zillestrasse area and ends a little west of Alt-Lietzow on the Spree. Originally, the marshland dug into lakes in the Grunewald settlement were not open to the public because the land reached to the shore. In recent years, access to all lakes has been created through the release of public land and the purchase of banks.

Rudolph-Wilde-Park , eastern part
Krumme Lanke with a canal to the Schlachtensee

A much smaller and shorter side channel runs from the Schöneberg Town Hall in an east-west direction perpendicular to the large and small chain. This channel originally began at Schöneberger Nollendorfplatz . The most easterly body of water today is the duck pond in Rudolph-Wilde-Park , which is joined to the west by Volkspark Wilmersdorf , which is partly laid out on the Wilmersdorfer See , which was filled in from 1915 , and to which the Fennsee just before the city ​​motorway belongs. Both parks together form an inner-city green corridor around 2.5 kilometers long and 500 meters wide, which, with its lowland character and gently rolling meadows, still makes the geological origin of the Ice Age channel visible today.

The side channel continues after its interruption by the city ​​motorway , sports fields, the Wilmersdorf summer pool and some built-up streets in the artificially created waters of Hubertussee and Herthasee , which were excavated in 1889 during the construction of the Grunewald villa colony in former fen areas. After the Herthasee, this side channel at Koenigssee meets the main channel perpendicularly.

Overview history

Another glacial channel, which can be seen similar to the small chain of Grunewald lakes in the formation of parks and cemeteries and from which several dead ice holes protected as natural monuments have been preserved, extends from the Tempelhofer Francketeich over the Klarensee , the Bose Park and the Blanke Helle to the Hambuttenpfuhl on Grabertstraße in the former Steglitz villa colony Südende (→ see in detail with location map from 1901: Alboinplatz ).

Conservation and Fenn

Rehwiese with the Nikolassee church

The “channel” of the chain of lakes can be seen very well on the dry Rehwiese , whose elongated valley has been designated as a landscape protection area together with the neighboring Nikolassee since 1960 . Riemeisterfenn and Langes Luch between Krumme Lanke and Grunewaldsee as well as the adjoining Hundekehlefenn are located one level higher than the nature reserve . In the partially swampy wetlands of the protection zones there are remnants of valuable alluvial forests , while the surroundings are characterized by the typical high pine stands of the dry and nutrient-poor Teltow soil .

The frequent in Teltow Flurname Fenn or Fenne named after Hermann Teuchert a "boggy or ver torften lake or pond without solid ground," and after Agathe Lasch and Conrad Borchling "with grass or Röricht overgrown marsh, marshland , marshy pastures," both quotes reproduced here after Gerhard Schlimpert. The term has a Low German origin ( Moor in Low German 'Veen', 'Fenn'; more details on the etymology in the DWDS ) and goes back to the colonization of Fläming by Flemings , who were already established in the second half of the 12th century for the expansion of the newly founded Mark Brandenburg had been called into the country by the first Margrave Albrecht the Bear and his son and successor Otto I.

Slavs and Cistercians

Villa in Burgunderstrasse, near the Rehwiese

As the etymology of the original name "Slatsee" for the Schlachtensee or archaeological finds at the later desolate village of "Crumense" on the Krummen Lanke show, there were Slavic settlements in the area of ​​the chain of lakes . As far as they did not fall desolate, the Slavic places gradually passed into their administration after the founding of the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1157 and the subsequent development of the Ascanian margraves . The influential and wealthy Cistercian monastery Lehnin , which expanded its core property in the Zauche to the northern part of Teltow, played an important role in this development . In the middle of the 13th century, around 70 years after the monastery was founded, the monks bought several villages in this region with the lakes Nikolassee, Schlachtensee and Krumme Lanke (see the respective lakes).

The residential areas along the Grunewaldrinne, some of which bear the names of the lakes, are still among the particularly preferred residential areas in Berlin. The development of the lakes and their ownership, the excavation of fens and the creation of new lakes, the filling of the Wilmersdorfer See and the design of the inner-city parks in the former Wilmersdorfer-Schöneberger Fenn reflect a section of history in the southwestern Berlin districts of Nikolassee, Dahlem, Grunewald, Halensee, Charlottenburg, Wilmersdorf and Schöneberg.

literature

  • Gerhard Schlimpert : Brandenburg name book . Part 3: The place names of the Teltow . Hermann Böhlaus Nachf., Weimar 1972. Contains the etymological derivation of some of the lake names in the chain. Quotes on the term 'Fenn' on page 74, and on 'Fenn' on page 38.

Web links

Commons : Grunewaldseenkette  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ https://www.berlin.de/ba-charlottenburg-wilmersdorf/ueber-den- Bezirk/sonstiges/ artikel.298100.php
  2. ↑ Fenn. In: Digital dictionary of the German language . Retrieved January 6, 2017

Coordinates: 52 ° 28 ′ 0 ″  N , 13 ° 16 ′ 0 ″  E