Alboinplatz
| Alboinplatz | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 Bull sculpture and park |
|
| Basic data | |
| place | Berlin |
| District | Schöneberg |
| Confluent streets |
Alboinstrasse , Eythstrasse , Burgemeisterstrasse , Friedrich-Wilhelm-Strasse |
| Buildings | Natural monument Blanke Helle |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrians , cyclists , road traffic , public transport |
| Technical specifications | |
| Square area | around 4.6 hectares |
The Alboinplatz is an inner city garden monument in southwestern Berlin district in Schoeneberg in Tempelhof-Schöneberg . The oval square is in the course of the Alboinstraße directly on the border with the Tempelhof district , with only the eastern development belonging to Tempelhof. The streets of the square and the western development belong to Schöneberg.
A lake that is deeply situated by Berlin standards, the natural monument Blanke Helle , characterizes the image of the square. On the southern embankment of the lake basin there is a striking aurochs or bull sculpture with a remarkable history. The understanding of the sculpture is revealed through a legend that surrounds the Blanke Helle .
The seat
Naming
The place is named after Alboin (before 526 to 572/573), King of the Longobards and founder of the Longobard Empire in Northern Italy . The Lombards originally came to Italy from the areas of the lower Elbe and were part of the Germanic Suebi . At the listed Alboinkontor, the former Schwarzkopf factory from 1928 to 1930 by Carl Mackensen on the corner of Alboinstrasse and Magirusstrasse , a silhouette shows the King of the Longobards on a horse.
Before 1931, the Oval was space Q . A proposed renaming of Alboinplatz to Egerlandplatz in 1945 after the end of the war (probably after the executed Nazi resistance fighter Erich Egerland ) was not approved by the Berlin magistrate .
Description and environment
The Alboinplatz has a diameter of around 230 meters. The 2500 m² lake is located in the south of the square and is lined with meadows with sparse trees of birch , beech , yew and elderberry . On the steeper south bank at the confluence of the Alboinstraße there is the aurochs / bull sculpture on a wide forecourt from which a circular path gently slopes down and encompasses the area. Alboinstrasse runs around the square on both sides.
From the monument and its lowered horns, a line of sight goes over the lake to a wide, column-framed entrance path opposite, after which the road continues straight to the north. To the west of the row of pillars is a playground with a boulder , another Berlin natural monument. The conception of the green area, which is protected as a garden monument, comes from the garden architect Erwin Barth from the years 1912 and 1932 and has an area of around 4.6 hectares .
On the west side of Schöneberg, in the south, there is the state-owned Schöneberg II cemetery on Eythstrasse , which with the Krummen Pfuhl has a body of water that is as deeply stored as the Alboinplatz with the Blanken Helle. On the other side of Eythstrasse, which meets Alboinplatz in the middle, there is the Michaelkirche, a senior citizens' home and then an industrial area. Today's Schöneberg area west of the square to the settlement Lindenhof formerly belonged to the district Tempelhof.
Settlement of Blanke Hell and Tempelhofer Switzerland
The image of the side of the square and street that remained near Tempelhof, the east side, defines a continuous development with an elongated semicircular apartment block, which is only interrupted by a passage. The block is part of the Blanke Hölle housing estate , which continues in the three streets that branch off (Burgemeisterstraße, Friedrich-Wilhelm-Straße and Kaiserin-Augusta-Straße). The three- and four-story residential complex from 1929 to 1931 was designed by the architects Erich Glas and Hans Jessen on behalf of the non-profit state-owned German Association for the Promotion of Housing, or Degewo for short . The entire facility is under protection as a monument . The entire area down to Eresburgstrasse, Gäßnerweg, Bosestrasse and Manteuffelstrasse with the settlements of Blanke Hölle and Attilahöhe were called the Berlin Tempelhof Switzerland . The reason for this naming is unclear, because the standard buildings have little Swiss . The name was either turned ironically or had its reason for the rugged terrain that was formed by an ice-age gully with various ponds.
Naked light
geology
The Alboinplatz with the Blanke Helle pool and the other pools of the former Seerinne are located on the western edge of the Tempelhofer Oberland on the Teltow , a flat, undulating ice age plate that was formed around 20,000 years ago in the Brandenburg stage of the Vistula glaciation .
Chain of dead ice holes
1 = Deadisloch Blanke Helle at today's Alboinplatz
2 = Toteisloch Krummer Pfuhl at today's cemetery Eythstraße
3 = Dorfpfuhl and Kleine Blanke Helle in today's settlement Lindenhof
4 = Toteisloch Wilhelmsteich (right of the number, the much larger one The lake to the left of the number no longer exists and has risen in Bose Park)
5 = Klarensee
6 = Toteisloch Francketeich
The Teltow was completely covered with ice and the melting water masses left various dead ice holes on the plateau, such as the Blanke Helle (1) and the Krummen Pfuhl (2; today located on the area of the II. Municipal Cemetery Eythstraße ). Both holes are part of a chain of dead ice holes that line up in a former depression. Parts of the glacial channel and some ponds, which can be clearly seen on the adjacent map from 1901 in the still virgin area, are built over today. The layout of cemeteries and parks, however, largely follows this geological formation - similar to the small chain of Grunewald lakes - so that it is still visible today and the term Tempelhofer Schweiz can be experienced.
One of the other dead ice holes is in the listed Lindenhof estate , which is connected to the west of the cemetery and the Krumme Pfuhl. The settlement dates from 1918 to 1920 and goes back to plans by Heinrich Lassen and Martin Wagner . In addition to the railway line, the adjacent map shows the former Dorfpfuhl and the former Kleine Blanke Helle (3), which are now connected to a pond in the Lindenhof. The open spaces and gardens around the Pfuhle are protected as a garden monument and are the work of the garden architect Leberecht Migge from 1918/1921. To the northeast of the Blanken Helle are the Toteisloch Wilhelmsteich (4) at today's Lehnepark , the Klarensee (5) in today's Alten Park and east of the Tempelhofer Damm the Toteisloch Francketeich (6) in today's Franckepark .
The Seerinne led to the Hambuttenpfuhl on Grabertstrasse in the former Steglitz villa colony Südende . Around 1900 the dead ice holes still had a significantly higher water volume than today. The hollow of the Alboinplatz was completely filled with water. The nearby Teltow Canal , which was completed in 1906, withdrew a considerable part of the water. The Blanke Helle also shows strong seasonal fluctuations in the water level, but does not fall dry in summer, like some pools.
Natural monuments and fossil finds
With the ordinance of August 10, 2004, the Berlin Senate added the Blanke Helle (ND-16), the neighboring Krummen Pfuhl (ND-24), the Wilhelmsteich (ND-25) and the Francketeich (ND-19) to the list of Berlin's natural monuments. The purpose of the protection is to "permanently preserve these historically valuable and rare ice age dead ice holes."
In 1865 the geologist Albrecht Kunth (1842–1871) found "over 200 different types of fossil living beings, including the key fossil of the first interglacial period named after him , the snail , in a gravel pit at the site of today's Askanisches Gymnasium " Paludium diluviana Kunth '“With these finds, Kunth was able to significantly advance Ice Age research. A Berlin plaque at the grammar school commemorates Kunth, who died at the age of 29, and his research.
In the playground on Alboinplatz there are two boulders that have been recognized as natural monuments of the city of Berlin because of their size .
ecology
Hels Pfuhl, as the lake was called at the time, was part of the cattle drift in the village hallways of Tempelhof and Mariendorf . Until 1900 the pond was surrounded by meadows and fields . After the end of agriculture and meadow management in this area, trees and bushes spread unhindered on the bank, which had previously been mowed twice a year. During the period of settlement and road construction, the site underwent another change, as drilling for research purposes revealed a thick layer of rubble, sand and sedimented clay on the slopes. The present-day soil and vegetation with semi-ruderal meadow communities in the slope areas and light trees were probably placed on this layer .
In view of the long-standing silting of the lake, years of abuse as the largest dog toilet in Berlin and its built-up location, the lake and park have an astonishing biodiversity , which is preserved and promoted by the care measures of the Protection Ordinance. In 1988/1989 research groups identified "165 different fern and flowering plants, 12 of which are listed as endangered in the Berlin Red Lists."
At the time of the investigation, the Moderlieschen and the crucian carp were native to the fish species . Water birds are very sparsely represented. The usual breeders in such small bodies of water such as coots or little grebes are almost completely absent, only one breeding pair of a pond claw with three young birds could be detected. In the old trees, a large number of nesting boxes support the "very good stocking of the area with [...] cave breeders" such as starling , nuthatch , tree sparrow and blue tit . There were no ground breeders in the study period 1988/1989. Despite all the precautions, the original state of the area is - even in the 1870s are in the Blanken Bright pond turtles have been caught - not be recovered, this "is urbanized the area too small, the puddle too much." A dismantling is not possible .
Hels Pfuhl and its legend
The name "Hels Pfuhl" goes back to Hel , which in Germanic mythology refers to both the underworld (Hel, Helle, Hell) and its ruler, the goddess of the dead Hel . An old legend about Hels Pfuhl takes up this mythology and also makes it understandable why the sculptor Paul Mersmann chose the shape of a bull (aurochs) for his sculpture.
According to this legend, the lake once formed the gateway to the realm of the dead. On its wooded bank there was a sacrificial stone Hels, over which a priest watched. Hel sent the priest a black bull twice a year to plow the fields. His successor, a Christian monk, failed to continue making offerings to Hel. When the bull appeared the following spring, it was not plowing the fields but devouring the monk. Until the 20th century, rumors persisted in this rugged and unpopulated area that the lake would devour a victim every year. These rumors have a true core insofar as "many [...] have already drowned in the seemingly harmless water."
Sculpture aurochs / bull
The sculpture, which the sculptor Paul Mersmann designed in 1934, is reminiscent of the legend of the Blanken Helle and depicts a bull of Hels. Just as Hel, with her double meaning as annihilator and nourishing one, dressed her maidens in black when they were addicted to the underworld, and dressed in white When they were capable of redemption , the artist chose a light shade for the black bull in mythology, symbolizing redemption from the visitation by the now stone-turned bull and the human power to redeem.
History of origin and Nazi ideology
The memorial was created between 1934 and 1936 as part of a job creation scheme for unemployed artists. The Münster sculptor Paul Mersmann the Elder (1903–1975), who had worked in Berlin since 1931, was commissioned with the design . The monumental work was often assigned to the Nazi ideology . This association is incorrect for three reasons. First, the reference to the legend shows that for Mersmann mythological-theological aspects were in the foreground. Second, the authorities refused the official acceptance of the work because it did not meet their expectations and in 1936 (according to other sources, 1938) demanded the demolition of the sculpture. Third, Paul Mersmann's son announced that, according to his father, there was a cartouche inside the bull with an appeal against Hitler with the signatures of various artists and sculptors.
description
According to the vernacular in Berlin, the "largest ox in Berlin" has a length of nine and a height of seven meters. The monument is made of 3000 irregularly square shell limestones from the Rüdersdorf limestone quarry over a brick inner brick core. The stones in the core are said to come from the Prussian War Ministry , the brick-built predecessor of the Reich Aviation Ministry . Between 2003 and 2005 a renovation costing 130,000 euros (other information 160,000 euros) took place, during which the restorer had to work on almost every limestone individually. In the spring of 2005 the state curator presented the renewed monument to the public in the presence of the son and other relatives of the artist Paul Mersmann.
literature
- Hainer Weißpflug: The "Blanke Helle" - a legendary pond. In: Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (ed.): Berlinische Monatsschrift , No. 11/1996, pp. 58–61.
- Klaus-Dieter Wille: Walks in Tempelhof (= Berlin Kaleidoscope . Vol. 30). Haude & Spernersche Verlagbuchhandlung, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-7759-0278-3 , p. 35.
- Clemens Alexander Wimmer : Alboinplatz . In: ders .: Parks and Gardens in Berlin and Potsdam . Published by the Senate Department for Urban Development and Environmental Protection, Department III / Garden Monument Preservation. 5th, revised edition. Nicolai, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-87584-267-7 , pp. 65-68.
- Paul Wollschläger: The Tempelhof district. A chronicle in stories and pictures. Kulturbuch-Verlag, Berlin 1964.
Web links
- Alboinplatz. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
- ↑ Kiezbox: Blanke Hölle am Alboinplatz ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Ordinance on the Protection of Natural Monuments in Berlin. March 2, 1993. p. 35 above; Protection purpose: Natural historical reasons PDF from the Senate Department for Urban Development
- ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
- ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
- ^ Klaus-Dieter Wille: Walks ...
- ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
- ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
- ↑ Senate Department for Urban Development, Berlin Nature Conservation Book, Official List in accordance with Section 26 Berlin Nature Conservation Act (March 2006), p. 10, ND 16, 19,24,25 PDF from the Senate Department for Urban Development
- ^ Ordinance on the protection of the natural monuments "Blanke Helle", [...], in the Tempelhof-Schöneberg district of Berlin . August 10, 2004. In: Gesetz- und Verordnungsblatt für Berlin , Vol. 60, No. 35, August 28, 2004, here pp. 348-350. August 2004 (excerpt as PDF) .
- ↑ Quote: Text Berlin memorial plaque
- ↑ Kunth in honor directory of Luisenstädtischer Education Association
- ↑ Margot Böse and Gerhard Ehmke: Geotopes and their protection in Berlin ( Memento of May 21, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), Brandenburgische Geoscientific Contributions, Kleinmachnow, 3 (1996), 1, pp. 155–159.
- ↑ a b Hainer Weißpflug, Die "Blanke Helle" ... , p. 60
- ^ Paul Wollschläger, Der Bezirk ... , p. 30
- ↑ Hainer Weißpflug, Die "Blanke Helle" ... , p. 61
- ↑ Legend of Hel's Pfuhl near Nebelpfade ( Memento from June 12, 2003 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Sage der Blanken Helle in Edition Motzbuch, Sagen von Tempelhof and Schöneberg online
- ↑ Hainer Weißpflug: The "Blanke Helle" ... , p. 58
- ↑ Entry in the Berlin State Monument List
- ↑ The entry in the Berlin monument list for sculpture reads Paul Meersmann with a double "e"; as there are far more entries for the spelling with a simple "e" on Google and since the detailed description by Hainer Weißpflug also uses this spelling, we follow the version with a simple "e". The entry describes the sculpture as an aurochs .
- ↑ a b Susanne Kähler, The Restoration of the Bull from Alboinplatz , in: Sculpture in Berlin online ( Memento from July 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Fountain of youth and bull monument restored. In: Berliner Morgenpost , April 5, 2005
- ^ Paul Wollschläger, Der Bezirk ... , p. 31
Coordinates: 52 ° 27 ′ 35 ″ N , 13 ° 22 ′ 11 ″ E