Nikolaus von Dinkelsbühl

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Nikolaus von Dinkelsbühl , origin. Nicolaus Prüntzlin / Prunczlein , (* around 1360 in Dinkelsbühl ; † March 17, 1433 in Vienna ) was a German theologian.

Life

After attending the local Latin school (probably with the Carmelites ), Nicolaus Prunczlein was sent to Vienna. There he began in 1385 at the University of the Arts to study and reached the 1385 Baccalaureate and four years later, the licentiate and the degree of Artium Magister . In 1390 he moved to the theological faculty and was licentiate in 1408 and Magister theologicus a year later. He heard u. a. with Heinrich von Langenstein and Heinrich Totting von Oyta .

He was appointed dean of the faculty of artists twice (1392 and 1397) and twice as dean of the theological faculty (1410 and 1427). From 1405 to 1406 he was the rector of the university. As a member of an embassy, ​​he stayed in the Vatican from 1399 to 1400 . He later represented the University of Vienna twice (1405 and 1423) at the Holy See.

He was appointed to the cathedral chapter of St. Stephen in 1405. He was not only an important advisor to Duke Albrecht V von Habsburg , but also became his confessor in 1425. In 1414 the Duke appointed him his representative at the Council of Constance . Nikolaus worked there for four years. As a member of the Faith Commission, he was intensively entrusted with the causes of Jan Hus and Hieronymus of Prague . As one of the six members of the Germanic Council , Nikolaus was a member of the electoral college that elected Cardinal Oddone Colonna as Pope Martin V on November 11, 1417 .

Back in Vienna, Nikolaus laid the foundations for a comprehensive monastery reform in Austria ( Melker Klosterreform ), which was then successfully implemented by the Melker monks Nikolaus Seyringer and Petrus von Rosenheim . Cardinal Branda Castiglione , the papal nuncio in Germania, appointed him crusade preacher for the Hussite Wars and gave him great powers of indulgence . Pope Martin V renewed this order in 1427.

Nicholas died on March 17th, 1433 in Vienna at the age of about 70. In the sermon on the occasion of his funeral, he was referred to as the second founder of the University of Vienna. He found his final resting place in St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.

He is one of the main representatives of the Vienna School of Pastoral Theology and left behind many scientific works and collections of sermons that have been preserved in over 1000 manuscripts . Besides the Bible, his theological understanding was based only on the great doctors of the church , but especially on Bernhard von Clairvaux .

Works

Nikolaus' work comprises around 62 writings, of which the sermons in particular enjoyed enormous popularity. Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, who later became Pope Pius II , reported that his sermons hodie avide a doctis leguntur (today they are eagerly read by scholars). Nor Luther opponent Johannes Eck made use of these writings.

The work of Nikolaus von Dinkelsbühl can be divided into

  • 1. Scholastic-philosophical discussions ( Melker Lectura and others)
  • 2. Works on the Holy Scriptures (commentary on the Gospel of Matthew, etc.)
  • 3. Writings on questions of church policy (treatise against Jan Hus and others)
  • 4. Sermons ( on all Sundays of the year, etc.)

Known students

literature

  • Joseph Aschbach: History of the Vienna University in the first century of its existence. Festschrift for its 500th anniversary celebration . University of Vienna, 1865 (reprinted 1965).
  • Rudolf Damerau: Studies on the Basics of the Reformation . - Giessen: Schmitz, 6.1968 - 10.1971.
  • Georg Kreuzer: Heinrich von Langenstein. Studies on the biography and the schismatacts with special reference to the Epistola pacis and the Epistola concilii pacis . Schöningh, Paderborn 1987, ISBN 3-506-73256-0 .
  • Alois Madre: Nikolaus von Dinkelsbühl. Life and writings . Aschendorff, Münster 1965.
  • Ludwig Schnurrer: Nikolaus von Dinkelsbühl . In: Life pictures from Bavarian Swabia 8 . Munich 1961.
  • Franz Stanonik :  Nicolaus von Dinkelsbühl . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1886, p. 622 f.
  • Freimut Löser :  Nikolaus von Dinkelsbühl. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 270 f. ( Digitized version ).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Nikolaus von Dinkelsbühl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Nicolaus Prunczlein
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German theologian
DATE OF BIRTH around 1360
PLACE OF BIRTH Dinkelsbühl
DATE OF DEATH March 17, 1433
Place of death Vienna