Palatinate Higher Regional Court Zweibrücken

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The Zweibrücken Castle, seat of the Palatinate OLG (2007)

The Palatinate Higher Regional Court in Zweibrücken is one of the two higher regional courts in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate , along with the Koblenz Higher Regional Court .

history

The Palatinate Higher Regional Court is one of the oldest higher regional courts in Germany. It was built in 1816 when King Maximilian I of Bavaria , who was also the last Duke of Zweibrücken, ordered the transfer of the court of appeal , which had been established in Kaiserslautern on July 27, 1815, as a Bavarian court of appeal to Zweibrücken .

The genesis of the Palatinate Higher Regional Court is closely linked to the reorganization of the area on the left bank of the Rhine after the fall of Napoleon .

After the end of French rule, the " Imperial-Royal Austrian and Royal Bavarian Joint State Administration" established a court of appeal in Kaiserslautern for the area on the left bank of the Rhine in 1815 . As a result of the Congress of Vienna , part of the left bank of the Rhine, which roughly corresponds to today's Palatinate and the Saar-Palatinate district , fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria . In 1816, the Bavarian King Maximilian I, who was also the last Duke of Zweibrücken from 1795 to 1825, ordered the "transfer of the royal roll call court" from Kaiserslautern to Zweibrücken from August 1, 1816. The grand opening took place on October 16, 1816. This made the city, to which the Bavarian King was associated from his youth, the seat of the highest Palatinate court, probably as a compensation for the fact that the government of the Rhine District received its seat in Speyer .

The law that the appellate court applied had not changed for the time being due to the change of rule that came with the end of the Napoleonic era. The achievements of the French Revolution ("institution") of the separation of powers , equality of all citizens before the law, publicity and orality of the judicial process as well as the participation of juries in the criminal process had proven their worth. French law as a whole was held in high regard. These liberal achievements were very important to the population, as was freedom of the press . This is why these modern rights were retained on the left bank of the Rhine under Bavarian rule. Only gradually - such as with the entry into force of the Reich Justice Acts on October 1, 1879 and the Civil Code on January 1, 1900 - did French law lose its importance. The German law that took its place was of course influenced in many ways by the ideas of French law.

In the age of Restoration and Vormärz , the Palatinate developed into a stronghold of the liberal-democratic movement, which culminated in the " Hambacher Fest " of 1832. Siebenpfeiffer and Wirth , two journalists who, with the founding of the “ German Press and Fatherland Association ” and the publication of the “Messenger from the West” and the “German Tribune”, had made Zweibrücken and Homburg centers of the struggle for the new freedoms, invited in April 1832 for a great “peace-loving, beautiful” festival, a “national festival of the Germans” (Wirth), a festival “to fight to shake off internal and external violence” at Hambach Castle. Their circle included numerous advocates and judges of the Appeal Court in Zweibrücken (e.g. Schüler, Geib, Savoye, Cullmann and Hoffmann). On May 27, 1832, 20,000 to 30,000 people gathered at Hambach Castle in the largest German mass event before 1848 (Hambach Festival). The reaction of the Bavarian state government was immediate and decisive. Siebenpfeiffer and Wirth were arrested and, together with others, had to answer for high treason in a jury trial before the appellate court. To prevent unrest, the " Assisen Trial " was moved from Zweibrücken to Landau. It ended with an acquittal from the charge of high treason - but Siebenpfeiffer and Wirth were subsequently convicted by a police court for insulting the authorities.

On October 1, 1879, the appellate court was named "Higher Regional Court" by the Reich Justice Laws . The “district courts” assigned to him in Frankenthal, Kaiserslautern, Landau and Zweibrücken became “regional courts”. From 1938 the Higher Regional Court was also given jurisdiction for the district of the Saarbrücken Regional Court ; 1940 also for the district of the Metz Higher Regional Court in what was then the CdZ area of ​​Lorraine (see list of courts in the CdZ area of ​​Lorraine ).

Because of the turmoil of the war, the Higher Regional Court was relocated first to Ludwigshafen am Rhein and then to Kirchheimbolanden, where in March 1945 the invasion of American troops put a temporary end to its activities. From 1946 it resumed its function, with its headquarters in Neustadt an der Weinstrasse due to the war-related destruction of the Zweibrücken Castle .

On January 1, 1965, the Higher Regional Court returned to the rebuilt Zweibrücken Castle . In view of its remarkable history, it has been officially known as the "Palatinate Higher Regional Court Zweibrücken" since 1990.

Personalities

The presidents of the Zweibrücken Higher Regional Court until 1933

  • Johann Andreas Georg Friedrich von Rebmann, since June 27, 1815
  • Johann Baptist von Birnbaum, from October 26, 1824
  • Christian von Koch, from March 23, 1832
  • Heinrich von Schnellenbühl, from June 1, 1846
  • Peter E. von Korbach, from January 14, 1852
  • Ludwig von Weis, from April 20, 1871
  • Friedrich von Kiefer, from August 23, 1879
  • Ludwig von Zoeller, from December 4, 1889
  • Heinrich von Hessert , from June 9, 1898
  • Karl von Wilhelm, from April 21, 1903
  • Adolf von Lippmann, from July 9, 1908
  • Adolf von Ziegler, from May 1, 1914
  • Alexander Bilabel, from August 1, 1919
  • Friedrich Jakob Becker, from January 1, 1927 to June 30, 1933

Well-known judge at the Palatinate Higher Regional Court

See category: Judges (Higher Regional Court Zweibrücken)

Seat and District of the Court

The Palatinate Higher Regional Court has its seat in Zweibrücken . In the judicial district of the Higher Regional Court, the area of the Palatinate includes about 1.5 million people are living and 1,425 lawyers and general counsel attorneys admitted (as at 1st January 2018).

Superordinate and subordinate courts

As the higher regional court, only the Federal Court of Justice is superordinate to the Palatinate higher regional court. Subordinate are the regional courts in Frankenthal (Palatinate) , Kaiserslautern , Landau in der Pfalz and Zweibrücken , with their respective subordinate local courts.

Material jurisdiction

The federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate has made use of the possibility of concentrating the higher regional court jurisdiction for certain matters of voluntary jurisdiction at a higher regional court and assigned this to the Palatinate higher regional court. In addition, the judges' court of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate is located at the higher regional court in Zweibrücken.

Authority manager

See also

literature

  • Sven Paulsen (Ed.): 175 years of the Palatinate Higher Regional Court. Festschrift. Neustadt ad W., 1990.
  • Walter Dury: Zweibrücken - The Palatinate residence of the law. In: Charlotte Glück-Christmann (Ed.): Zweibrücken 1793 to 1918: Ein langes Jahrhundert , Zweibrücken 2002, p. 150 ff.
  • Charlotte Glück, Martin Baus (Ed.): Law. Law. Freedom. 200 years of the Palatinate Higher Regional Court in Zweibrücken. Publications of the State Archives Administration Rhineland-Palatinate Volume 121, Koblenz 2015.
  • Charlotte Glück, Willi Kestel: The Palatinate Higher Regional Court Zweibrücken, a cradle of German democracy. PDF file

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Federal Bar Association, www.brak.de: Large membership statistics as of January 1, 2018. (PDF; 37.3 kB) Accessed September 5, 2018 .
  2. ^ Palatine Higher Regional Court. Retrieved January 12, 2017 .

Coordinates: 49 ° 14 ′ 56 ″  N , 7 ° 21 ′ 50 ″  E