Oberweier (Gaggenau)

Oberweier City of Gaggenau
Coordinates: 48 ° 50 ′ 49 ″  N , 8 ° 18 ′ 26 ″  E
Area :	4.41 km²
Residents :	1244
Population density :	282 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	April 1, 1972
Postal code :	76571
Area code :	07222
Church of St. Johannes Oberweier

Oberweier and Niederweier were two separate places for centuries. Today they together form a district of the large district town of Gaggenau . The former municipality including Niederweier had an area of ​​4.41 km².

history

Prehistory and early history

Finds south of Oberweier show that the area around Oberweier was already settled in the Neolithic Age (5500 to 2000 BC). Around 700 BC The Celts settled in the Rhine plain and at the mouths of the valleys, names of rivers and mountains go back to this time. From the year 70, the Romans invaded the area and displaced the Celts. In the area between Oberweier and Winkel , a Roman manor ( Villa rustica ) was built around the year 80 , the remains of which were discovered in 1976 during exploratory excavations . In the year 84, Emperor Domitian had a Roman fortification built against the Teutons , the Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes .

From 260 onwards, the Alamanni invaded the area under King Chrocus . The Romans withdrew across the Rhine . In 496, Clovis, King of the Franks, defeated the Alamanni in the Battle of Zülpich . The area north of the Oos became part of the Frankish Empire .

Middle Ages to the Baden Revolution

The first mention of Oberweiers (as Oberenwilri) can be found in a document issued on February 15, 1102 in Speyer by the Franconian Salier emperor Heinrich IV . With this document, the emperor donated several goods in the Ufgau, including Oberweier, to the cathedral chapter of Speyer. The first mention of Niederweiers (as Niderenwilri) comes from a document issued on May 18, 1256 in Kuppenheim .

In 1264, the Counts of Eberstein received rule over Rotenfels , Oberweier and Niederweier. In 1283, Oberweier and Niederweier with Eberstein Castle fell to the Margraves of Baden . A castle in Niederweier is mentioned in 1387, but it is not known who built and lived in it.

Baden Revolution 1848/49 around and in Oberweier

On June 29, 1849, the revolutionary troops had established themselves between Gernsbach and the Rastatt fortress along the Murg . Here, at the narrowest point in Baden , the advance of the Prussian army was to be stopped.

The majority of the revolutionary troops were in Kuppenheim. Oberweier and Niederweier were manned by a vanguard. A line infantry battalion was set up in Bischweier and Winkel .

In a pincer movement, the Prussian troops and two large military units advanced against the Baden troops . While the "Neckar Corps " attacked Gernsbach, the 1st Army Corps advanced via Malsch to Niederweier. The aim was to push the Baden troops back to the left bank of the Murg.

Around noon, the Prussian advance troops were to occupy Niederweier and the surrounding area and take Bischweier. At first they succeeded in doing this. But when from the area of Oberweier a irregulars was advancing -Bataillon, the Prussians moved back from Bischweier. Oberweier was occupied by a Prussian company.

With the arrival of their main force, the Prussians succeeded in finally taking Bischweier. While retreating towards Winkel, the writer Gottfried Kinkel, who was fighting on the part of the irregulars, was injured and arrested by the Prussians.

To cover their left flank, the Prussians sent a hussar train towards Winkel, which they found unoccupied. When trying to advance from Winkel in the direction of Rotenfels, they were attacked and blown up by strong groups of irregulars. They withdrew via Winkel to Oberweier. In doing so, however, they were partially overtaken by the irregulars. With about 1200 men, the irregulars attacked the occupied Oberweier from the south and east and they managed to push the enemy troops back to the cemetery between Oberweier and Niederweier. After reinforcements arrived from Bischweier, the Prussians tried to take Oberweier, but were thrown back. Neither side could decide to attack again.

The Prussians formed three new companies outside the combat area and sent them into battle. They should attack the irregulars on their left flank. On the southern edge of Oberweier, the irregulars had occupied a steep cut in the terrain (Haßlich). There they initially succeeded in repelling the Prussian troops. Newly formed, they started a second attack, which succeeded. The irregulars withdrew along the Eichelberg in the direction of Rotenfels or fled into the woods.

In the course of the fighting in Oberweier, isolated rioters also posted themselves in houses and shot the Prussian soldiers from the windows. Since the Prussians took these riflemen for local people, they wanted to burn the whole village down at the end of the fighting. With a lot of effort, the mayor was able to avert this. For this, the 700 inhabitants had on the night of 29 to 30 over 7000 men quartered and provide them. All supplies were used up, the cattle driven from the stables and slaughtered.

After the Baden Revolution to modern times

In 1892 a war memorial was dedicated to the Franco-German War of 1870/71 . In 1902 Oberweier received a new town hall building.

In the election of the municipal council in 1930, the NSDAP received 130 votes, the SPD 65, the Center Party 46 and the Mittelstand Party 38 votes. In 1932 the NSDAP candidate was defeated by 145 to 248 votes to the Social Democratic candidate. The re- election, which had become necessary because of a challenge , turned out even more clearly in favor of the Social Democrats. In 1933 the social democratic mayor was removed from office and arrested. In the following election to the Reichstag , the NSDAP received 127 votes in Oberweier and the Center Party received 206 votes. The Center Party's electoral list is declared invalid by the authorities and the National Socialists seized power in Oberweier.

During the fighting between Volkssturmmen and advancing French units in 1945, some buildings were badly damaged or destroyed.

On April 1, 1972, in the course of the community reform, the community of Oberweier with its district Niederweier was attached to Gaggenau.

Local council

The local council in Oberweier is made up of representatives from the CDU , SPD and FWG. The CDU has five votes, the FWG four and the SPD one vote. With Michael Barth, the CDU provides the mayor. (As of June 8, 2020)

literature

• Friends of the 900-year celebration of Oberweier eV (ed.): Oberweier City of Gaggenau - Through the ages 1102–2002 . Metz, Gaggenau 2002, ISBN 3-927655-42-2 .

Web links

Commons : Oberweier  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• City of Gaggenau: Oberweier

Individual evidence

1. ^ City information for the city of Gaggenau . Edition 2017. p. 14 .
2. ↑ Federal Statistical Office: Official register of municipalities for the Federal Republic of Germany with overviews of the administrative structure and information on the affiliation of the municipalities to local classes, postcode areas and some important administrative units. 1957 edition, p. 360
3. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 501 .