Gottfried Kinkel (writer)

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Gottfried Kinkel
Signature Gottfried Kinkel (writer) .PNG

Johann Gottfried Kinkel (born August 11, 1815 in Oberkassel ; † November 13, 1882 in Zurich ) was a German Protestant theologian , professor of art , literary and cultural history , writer , hymn poet and democratically minded politician .

Life

Memorial in the birthplace of Oberkassel by Gustav Rutz (1906)
Johann Gottfried Kinkel

Gottfried Kinkel was the son of pastor Johann Gottfried Kinkel and his wife Sibylla Marie, nee. Beckmann. After high school enrolled Kinkel in 1831 at the University of Bonn for the subject of theology . Here he also became a member of the fraternity . In 1834 he moved to Berlin to study Protestant theology there until 1835. In the years 1836 to 1838 Kinkel successfully passed the necessary exams at the Koblenz Consistory of the Old Prussian Church Province of Rhineland and the theological faculty in Bonn. As a lecturer in church history , Kinkel had been a member of the latter since 1837.

In the spring of 1839 he met Johanna , the daughter of his former teacher Peter Mockel . This relationship immediately became the talk of the town in the whole of Bonn, as Johanna was Catholic and also lived in separation. But only in September of the same year did they become a couple. During a trip on the Rhine, her rowing boat capsized and Kinkel saved the non-swimmer.

The scandal spread when the Catholic, who was forbidden to remarry, converted to the evangelical faith . Since the Code Napoléon, which was responsible for the Rhineland at that time, provided for a 36-month waiting period between divorce and remarriage and Johanna's husband did not consent to the divorce until 1840, the two could not marry until 1843. Emanuel Geibel , a friend of the two, was the best man.

In June 1840, Gottfried Kinkel and his future wife Johanna founded the cockchafer association together with friends in Bonn .

After this marriage, Kinkel was no longer acceptable for the university's theological faculty. He was re- qualified on November 28, 1845 and assigned to the philosophical faculty. From 1846 Kinkel worked as an associate professor for art, literary and cultural history at the University of Bonn .

Two years later, in 1848, he became editor of the Bonner Zeitung . On May 31, 1848 he founded the Democratic Association in Bonn. On February 5, 1849 he was elected to the Prussian House of Representatives as a democratic candidate for the constituency of Bonn-Sieg . He soon became - borne by the general political dissatisfaction - the symbolic figure of those who wanted to found a republic.

Kinkel was charged on January 19, 1850 for his involvement in the Siegburger Zeughaussturm in May 1849, but acquitted on May 2, 1850 by the jury in Cologne. In 1849, Kinkel also took part in the Baden-Palatinate uprising and was arrested by the Prussians after taking the Rastatt fortress . He was first imprisoned in the Rastatt casemates and then in the town hall tower of Karlsruhe . On August 4, he was sentenced not to death by the Prussian court martial in Rastatt, but only to life imprisonment. His friend Carl Schurz escaped arrest in Rastatt by escaping through a sewer leading out of the fortress. Upon the intervention of the king, it was decided that Kinkel should serve his sentence in an ordinary penitentiary, which is why he was first brought to the prison in Bruchsal and then to the Prussian penitentiary in Naugard in Pomerania . After the trial in Cologne because of the Siegburg armory storm, he was transferred to the Spandau prison near Berlin in May 1850 . Practically overnight, Kinkel advanced to become a martyr of the revolution. Kinkel committees were formed in many cities to collect money to support his family.

Carl Schurz also received secret support here. On the night of November 6th to 7th, 1850, he was able to free his friend Kinkel from prison in Spandau in a daring action with the support of a prison guard. The two fled through Mecklenburg via Rostock and Warnemünde to the United Kingdom . After leaving Warnemünde on November 17, 1850 with a ship belonging to the Rostock shipowner Ernst Brockelmann , they reached the Scottish capital Edinburgh on December 1, 1850 , from where they traveled by train to London . In December 1850 they drove on to Paris . However, Kinkel returned to London shortly afterwards, while Schurz initially stayed in France until he also went to London after his expulsion.

In January 1851 Johanna Kinkel followed her husband to London with her four children. In September of the same year, Kinkel went to the United States to collect donations for a liberation army. He traveled through the United States from September 14, 1851 to February 25, 1852 to raise funds for a new revolution in Germany. In the meantime the family stayed in London. In March 1852 Kinkel returned to London. There he became professor of literary history at Hyde Park College , and later at Bedford College .

Grave of Johann Gottfried Kinkel in the Sihlfeld cemetery in Zurich

His wife Johanna died on November 15, 1858. Shortly thereafter, Gottfried Kinkel founded the German-language newspaper Hermann in London , of which he became the first editor-in-chief. It is true that Kinkel resigned from the editor in the summer of 1859. The newspaper was able to assert itself successfully under his successor Ernst Juch and was later absorbed in the London newspaper , which appeared until 1914.

In 1860 Kinkel married Minna Werner from Königsberg, who lived in London . In 1861 the British government commissioned him to give lectures on older and more recent art history at the South Kensington Museum . This laid the foundation stone for the teaching of art history in Great Britain. In 1863 he was appointed examiner at the University of London . In 1869 he founded the Association for Science and Art there with German artists and writers . In 1866 he accepted a professorship for art history at the Eidgenössisches Polytechnikum Zürich, today's Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule . A short time later, Kinkel founded the Zurich Kupferstichkabinett there .

On November 13, 1882, Gottfried Kinkel died after a long illness in Zurich without an amnesty from the Prussian state. He was buried in the Sihlfeld cemetery in Zurich .

The open all-day school in Bonn-Oberkassel and the Gottfried-Kinkel-Realschule in Bonn-Kessenich are named after him, as are Kinkelstrasse in Zurich's district 6 and Kinkelstrasse in Cologne's Lindenthal district . Near the property of the former Spandau prison, where Kinkel was imprisoned in 1850, the Kinkelstrasse commemorated him from 1938 to 2002. Carl-Schurz-Strasse is nearby. In the meantime, however, this Kinkelstrasse is again called Jüdenstrasse as before .

Works

  • The Ahr (1846) (digitized edition 1858)
  • Poems . Cotta, Stuttgart 1852.
  • Doctor Ypocras (1877)
  • The blacksmith of Antwerp (1842)
  • King Lothar of Lotharingia or Offended Law (1842)
  • King and Poet (1851)
  • Art History Mosaic (1876)
  • Otto the contactor . A Rhenish story in twelve adventures (Cotta'sche Handbibliothek; Vol. 171). Cotta, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1846
  • Sermons on selected parables and figurative speeches of Christ, with appendix some celebratory sermons (1842)
  • Tanagra. Idyll from Greece . Wertermann, Braunschweig 1883.
  • Stories (1849 together with Johanna Kinkel). Digitized version of the Stuttgart 1883 edition
  • From the Rhine (1847)
  • Margret . In: German Novellenschatz . Edited by Paul Heyse and Hermann Kurz. Vol. 4. 2nd ed. Berlin, [1910], pp. 199-262. In: Weitin, Thomas (Ed.): Fully digitized corpus. The German Novellenschatz . Darmstadt / Konstanz, 2016. ( digitized and full text in the German text archive )

literature

  • Arthur F. Busenius: Gottfried Kinkel . Publishing house of the modern classics, Leipzig 1859.
  • Arthur Friedrich Bussenius: Gottfried Kinkel. 2nd edition, Ernst Balde, Cassel 1852. ( digitized version )
  • Otto Maußer:  Kinkel, Gottfried and Johanna Kinkel . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 55, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1910, pp. 515-528.
  • Carl Enders: Gottfried Kinkel among his childhood friends . Marcus & Weber, Bonn 1913.
  • Edith Ennen : Gottfried Kinkel. In: Rheinische Lebensbilder. Volume 1, Cologne 1961, pp. 168-188.
  • Edith Ennen:  Kinkel, Gottfried. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1977, ISBN 3-428-00192-3 , p. 623 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Joseph Joesten : Gottfried Kinkel. His life, striving and poetry for the German people. With a selection of Kinkel seals. Kölner Verlags- & Druckanstalt, Cologne 1904. ( digitized version )
  • “Dear loyal Johanna!” “Dearest Gottit!” The correspondence between Gottfried and Johanna Kinkel 1840–1858. Arrangement by Monica Klaus, Volumes 1–3. City of Bonn 2008.
  • Rudolf Meyer-Kraemer: Jakob Burckhardt's letters to Gottfried and Johanna Kinkel . In: Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde , Vol. 19, 1921, pp. 195–344. ( Digitized version )
  • Josef Niesen : Bonn Personal Lexicon. 3rd, improved and enlarged edition. Bouvier, Bonn 2011, ISBN 978-3-416-03352-7 .
  • Andreas Röpcke : "I am a ring in a large chain" - memory of Gottfried Kinkel. In: Reinhard Bockhofer (Hrsg.): Despised, persecuted, suppressed. German Democrats 1760–1986. Bremen 2007, pp. 106–115.
  • Carl Schurz : Carl Schurz and Gottfried Kinkel in the German Revolution 1848-1849 . Schaffstein, Cologne 1949.
  • Carl Schurz: Memoirs up to the year 1852 . Georg Reimer, Berlin 1911.
  • Moritz Wiggers : Gottfried Kinkel's Liberation . In: The Gazebo . Issue 7, 1863, pp. 104–156 ( full text [ Wikisource ]). New as: Moritz Wiggers, Peter Starsy: Through Mecklenburg to Freedom ... Gottfried Kinkel's Liberation. In: Neubrandenburger Mosaik , 24, 2000, pp. 85–159
  • Hermann Rösch: Gottfried Kinkel, poet and democrat . Edition Lempertz, Königswinter 2006. ISBN 3-933070-85-6 .
  • Adolf Strodtmann : Gottfried Kinkel. Truth without poetry. Biographical sketchbook. Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 1850. ( digitized version )
  • Adolf Strodtmann: Gottfried Kinkel . Saur, Munich 1991. (24 microfiches, reprint of the Hamburg 1850/51 edition).
  • Klaus Schmidt : Justice, the bread of the people - Johanna and Gottfried Kinkel. A biography. Radius-Verlag, Stuttgart 1996. ISBN 3-87173-096-3 .

Web links

Commons : Gottfried Kinkel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Gottfried Kinkel  - Quotes
Wikisource: Gottfried Kinkel  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ludwig Meyer (1827–1900): Researcher, teacher and founder of the "no restraint"
  2. ^ Fritz Milkau : Directory of Bonn University Writings 1818–1885. Bonn 1897, p. 408.
  3. ↑ Walter Keßler: Carl Schurz. Struggle, exile and career. Greven Verlag, Cologne 2006, page 20.
  4. ↑ Rösch, page 100
  5. ↑ Walter Keßler: Carl Schurz. Struggle, exile and career. Greven Verlag, Cologne 2006, page 28.
  6. ↑ Walter Keßler: Carl Schurz. Struggle, exile and career. Greven Verlag, Cologne 2006, page 40.
  7. ↑ Walter Keßler: Carl Schurz. Struggle, exile and career. Greven Verlag, Cologne 2006, page 41.
  8. ↑ Walter Keßler: Carl Schurz. Struggle, exile and career. Greven Verlag, Cologne 2006, page 42.
  9. ↑ Walter Keßler: Carl Schurz. Struggle, exile and career. Greven Verlag, Cologne 2006, pages 50-53.
  10. ↑ Monica Klaus: "Glowing toasts to the freedom of the world ..." Gottfried Kinkel's agitation trip to America 1851/51. (Ed. by Ingrid Bodsch) Bonn 2015.
  11. ↑ Walter Keßler: Carl Schurz. Struggle, exile and career. Greven Verlag, Cologne 2006, p. 54.
  12. ↑ gottfried-kinkel-grundschule.de
  13. ↑ web2.cylex.de
  14. ^ Konrad Adenauer, Volker Gröbe: Streets and squares in Lindenthal. JP Bachem, Cologne 1992, ISBN 3-7616-1018-1 , p. 89 f.
  15. ↑ Kinkelstrasse . In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
personal data
SURNAME Kinkel, Gottfried
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kinkel, Johann Gottfried (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German theologian, writer and politician
DATE OF BIRTH August 11, 1815
PLACE OF BIRTH Oberkassel
DATE OF DEATH November 13, 1882
Place of death Zurich