Oleksandr Ohloblyn

Cyrillic ( Ukrainian )
	Олександр Петрович Оглоблин
Transl. :	Oleksandr Petrovyč Ohloblyn
Transcr. :	Oleksandr Petrovych Ohloblyn
Cyrillic ( Russian )
	Александр Петрович Оглоблин
Transl .:	Aleksandr Petrovič Ogloblin
Transcr .:	Alexander Petrovich Ogloblin

Oleksandr Petrowytsch Ohloblyn (born November 24, 1899 in Kiev , Russian Empire , † February 16, 1992 in Ludlow (Massachusetts) , United States ) was a Ukrainian collaborator , activist , historian . After Kiev was occupied by the Wehrmacht in 1941 , he briefly served as the city's mayor.

Origin and family

The ancestors of Oleksandr Ohloblyn belonged to Savytskys and Lashkevychs to - landowning Cossack families of Western Ukraine. He himself was born Oleksandr Petrovych Mizko . His maternal grandmother took care of his upbringing.

Academic career and academic creation

In 1917 Ohloblyn enrolled at Kiev University . He graduated there in 1919. In 1919 and 1920 he taught history at a secondary school. In 1921 he began academic teaching activities. From 1921 to 1922 he was professor of Ukrainian economic history at the Kiev Archaeological Institute and lectured at the Kiev Institute for National Education from 1920 to 1933. He also held the chair for Ukrainian economics at the Kiev Institute for Economics from 1928 to 1930 and the chair for Ukrainian history at the University of Odessa from 1939 to 1941 . From 1932 to 1933 he was also director of the Central Historical Archives of Ukraine.

From 1926, the year of his doctorate on early capitalist industry in Ukraine, until 1933 and again from 1935 to 1941 he was a member of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences , where he was director of the Commission for the Ukrainian Economic and Social History from 1930 to 1934.

After fleeing from the Red Army troops , he first taught in Prague at the Ukrainian Free University , then in 1945 at the same university in exile in Munich. In the Bavarian capital he also worked from 1946 to 1951 at the Ukrainian Orthodox Theological Academy.

After moving to the United States (1951), Ohloblyn worked as the long-time President and Honorary President of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the US ("Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the United States"), as Honorary President of the Ukrainian Historical Society (" Ukrainian Historical Society ”) and as a member of the Shevchenko Scientific Society . He was also instrumental in the establishment of a chair in Ukraine Studies at Harvard University , which finally took place in 1968. There he was visiting professor for Ukrainian history from 1968 to 1970 and a thesis advisor from 1970 to 1973 .

Ohloblyn created around 700 publications, including around 30 monographs . They deal with the socio-economic development of Ukraine, the age of the Cossack state ( Hetmanat ) and the development of Ukrainian historiography . He was considered one of the leading historians of Ukrainian origin.

Political persecution and promotion in the Soviet Union

In 1930 Ohloblyn was arrested on political grounds and interned for five months. He was forced to renounce his mentor, the historian Mitrafan Dounar-Sapolski ( Мітрафа́н Ві́ктаравіч До́ўнар-Запо́льскі ).

The policy of Ukrainization of the country, promoted by the leadership of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in the 1920s , which formed the social and political background of Ohloblyn's scientific activities in those years, turned into its opposite in the 1930s: Ukrainian nationalism became ostracized as a bourgeois offense or as a counter-revolutionary . In the course of the corresponding Stalinist purge campaign , Ohloblyn was removed from all offices from 1933 to 1935.

With the Hitler-Stalin Pact (August 1939), the subsequent start of the Second World War and the by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union operated destruction of Poland , among other things, to the annexation of the eastern Polish territory ( western Ukraine ) in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic led changed, the political framework again. Together with other Ukrainian historians, Ohloblyn has now been entrusted with the Sovietization of the history of western Ukraine.

Collaboration with the German occupiers

On September 18, 1941, around three months after Germany's attack on the USSR , the 6th Army of the Wehrmacht attacked Kiev. Ohloblyn stayed in the city where the Wehrmacht troops entered on September 19. On September 21, 1941 he was appointed mayor of the city and subsequently collaborated with the occupying power. The Melnyk faction of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists had carried out the inauguration of Ohloblyn, which they hoped would result in a Ukrainization of public and cultural life in the city. The new mayor could not achieve much, however, the political power rested with the Germans, especially with Major General Kurt Eberhard , the city ​​commandant of Kiev. On October 25, 1941 Ohloblyn resigned from his office, which his deputy Volodymyr Bahazii took over.

The massacre of Babyn Yar fell during Ohloblyn's short term of office : On September 29 and 30, 1941, members of Sonderkommando 4a of the Einsatzgruppen of the Security Police and the SD under the leadership of Paul Blobel murdered more than 33,000 Jews in a ravine near Kiev. Ohloblyn later stated that she had nothing to do with this murder. A Holocaust survivor testified that he interceded for her with Kurt Eberhard. He was told that the fate of the Jews lay exclusively in the hands of the Germans and that he should not interfere. An ordinance signed by Ohloblyn dated October 10, 1941, governed the registration and provisional administration of Jewish property until it could be used by the Germans. It corresponded to the ideas of the German civil and military administration. It said: “I order abandoned objects left behind by Jews and other people who have left the city of Kiev and are outside its borders, that is: furniture, musical instruments, clothes, linen, beds, dishes, food among other things, to keep and to carry out a count and evaluation [of these objects] by a commission consisting of three persons. ” The order threatened anyone who appropriated such objects without authorization that he would be “ ruthlessly held accountable ” . In "Incident Report 106", the task force informed the Reich Main Security Office on October 7, 1941 that "money, valuables, linen and clothing" from the murdered Jews were "seized and partly used by the NSV to equip the ethnic Germans, e. T. were handed over to the provisional city administration to be given to the needy population ” .

After his resignation from the mayor's office, Ohloblyn devoted himself again to historical research, with particular attention to the history of the Rus . At the same time he acted as director of the "Museum Archive of the Transitional Period", which was to carry out anti-Bolshevik and anti-Semitic propaganda on behalf of the German occupiers . The task of the museum, in the words of Ohloblyn, was to demonstrate the "worldwide historical significance of the struggle of the great German people under their leader Adolf Hitler" . In July 1942 he proposed an exhibition entitled "Liberation of Kiev from the Jewish-Bolshevik yoke by the German army (IX. 1941)" . The exhibition finally shown was: "The ruin of the cultural treasures of the city of Kiev by the Bolsheviks" . However, the occupation authorities were not convinced of the effectiveness of the museum. One exhibition was not enough for them, and in the fall of 1942, Ohloblyn was suspected of wanting just to get a better post. It was also said that he had also written articles for the Soviet regime. The museum was closed. Ohloblyn also made commissioned documents for the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg . They dealt with the alleged destruction of Ukrainian historiography by the Bolsheviks and the German influence on Ukraine's industry.

post war period

Shortly before the threatened reconquest of Kiev by the Red Army, Ohloblyn fled to Lviv with his wife and teenage son . When the conquest of Lviv threatened, he fled to Prague. His escape finally led him to the western part of Germany , where he lived as a displaced person in the second half of the 1940s .

In 1951 he emigrated to the USA, where he was active in the Ukrainian exile community. He founded and directed the Ukrainian Genealogical Society in 1963 and the Ukrainian Historical Society in 1965. From 1968 he was Professor of History at Harvard University and between 1970 and 1989 he headed the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in the USA. He published several books on Ukrainian history in the United States, but never published anything about his time as mayor of Kiev.

"Scientific Society Oleksandr Ohloblyn"

In 2000, a “Scientific Society Oleksandr Ohloblyn” was founded at the National University Ostroh Academy ( Natsional'nyi Universytet Ostroz'ka Akademiia ) in Ostroh . Its purpose is to encourage student participation in conferences and collaboration with other academic institutions.

Works

• A history of Ukrainian industry (reprint of the Kiev 1925 and 1931 edition), Fink, Munich 1971.
• Predky Mykoly Hoholja , Logos, Munich (et al.) 1968.
• Ukrainian historiography 1917–1956 , in: Dmytro I. Dorošenko (Ed.): A survey of Ukrainian historiography , New York 1957.
• Treaty of Pereyaslav 1654 , Toronto, New York 1954.

literature

• Karel C. Berkhoff: Harvest of despair. Life and death in Ukraine under Nazi rule . Cambridge, Mass. (ua), Belknap Press of Harvard University Press 2004, ISBN 978-0-674-02718-3 .
• Serhii Plokhy: The Cossack myth. History and nationhood in the age of empires . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (et al.) 2012, ISBN 978-1-10-702210-2 .
• Lubomyr Roman Wynar: Oleksander Petrovych Ohloblyn, 1899–1992. Biohrafichna studii︠a︡ , 1994.

Web links

• Literature by and about Oleksandr Ohloblyn in the catalog of the German National Library

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} The Ukrainian Weekly , February 23, 1992 , accessed December 30, 2013.
2. ↑ entry Savytsky in the Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine , polling on December 30, 2013.
3. ↑ Landowners entry in the Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine , accessed December 30, 2013.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Article Ohloblyn, Oleksander in: Zenon Eugene Kohut, Bohdan Y. Nebesio, Myroslav Yurkevich: Historical Dictionary Of Ukraine , Second Edition, Scarecrow Press, Inc., Lanham 2013, pp. 404 f , ISBN 978 -0-8108-7845-7 .
5. ↑ ^{a b} Serhii Plokhy: The Cossack myth , p. 109.
6. ↑ ^{a b c d} Omeljan Pritsak : Editor's Preface . In: Oleksandr Petruvych Ohloblyn: A History of Ukrainian Industry (Harvard series in Ukrainian studies, Vol. 12), W. Fink Verlag, Munich 1971, pp. VII f.
7. ^ Website of the academy.
8. ^ Company website. ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
9. ^ Company website.
10. ↑ See Inaugural Seminar by Prof. Ohloblyn Launches Ukrainian Studies at Harvard University , in: The Ukrainian Weekly , October 19, 1968, accessed on December 31, 2013. For the development of the chair, see Omeljan Pritsak : Ukrainian Studies at Harvard University ( Memento des Originals dated February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Accessed on December 30, 2013. 
11. ↑ entry to Mytrofan Dovnar-Zápoľský in the Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine , polling on December 30, 2013
12. ↑ ^{a b c} Serhii Plokhy: The Cossack myth , p. 110.
13. ↑ entry Melnykites in the Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine , polling on 1 January 2014.
14. ↑ Karel C. Berkhoff: Harvest of despair , p. 51.
15. ↑ Serhii Plokhy: The Cossack myth , p. 111; Karel C. Berkhoff: Harvest of despair , p. 85.
16. ↑ Markus Eikel: Division of labor and crime. The Ukrainian local administration under German occupation 1941–1945 . In: Timm C. Richter (Ed.): War and crime. Situations and content: case studies . Martin Meidenbauer, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-89975-080-2 , pp. 135–145, here pp. 138–142.
17. ↑ ^{a b} Ukraïns'ke Slovo: On October 10, 1941, the Kiev city administration ordered property managers to register and register property left behind by Jews. See VEJ . Vol. 7, pp. 314 f., Doc. 95.
18. ↑ Extract from the USSR event report No. 106.
19. ↑ Information about this facility or its artifacts in the Slavic and East European Collection at Yale University .
20. ↑ Ohloblyn's words are translated from Patricia Kennedy Grimsted: The Fate of Ukrainian Cultural Treasures During World War II: The Plunder of Archives, Libraries, and Museums under the Third Reich , in: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas , XXXIX (1991), Heft 1, P. 53–80, here P. 64. The Ohloblyn quote from Grimsted reads: "the worldwide historical significance of the struggle being conducted by the great German nation under the leadership of their Führer Adolf Hitler" .
21. ↑ ^{a b} Patricia Kennedy Grimsted: The Fate of Ukrainian Cultural Treasures During World War II: The Plunder of Archives, Libraries, and Museums under the Third Reich , in: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas , XXXIX (1991), Heft 1, p. 53 –80, here p. 64.
22. ↑ Karel C. Berkhoff: Harvest of despair , p. 202.
23. ↑ Karel C. Berkhoff: Harvest of despair , p. 160.
24. ↑ Serhii Plokhy: The Cossack myth , pp. 118-120.
25. ^ Entry on Ohloblyn, Oleksander in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, accessed on June 18, 2016
26. ^ Markus Eikel: Division of Labor and Cooperation. The Local Administration under German Occupation in Central and Eastern Ukraine, 1941–1944 . In: The Holocaust in Ukraine. New Sources and Perspectives. Conference Presentations , Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2013 , pp. 101–120, here p. 119, footnote 64.
27. ^ Company website.