Hurricane Dirk

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Dirk
Dirk, 23.12. 18:00 UTC over Ireland, with a pronounced front system, the storm zone on the front in the south and the intense warm air band in the southeast
Dirk, 23.12. 18:00 UTC over Ireland, with a pronounced front system, the storm zone on the front in the south and the intense warm air band in the southeast
storm Winter storm with Christmas thaw
Deep Atlantic Deep , Type I after Bebber ( hurricane )
Data
Beginning December 23, 2013
The End December 25, 2013
Wind peak 228 km / h ( Iraty , Pyrenees)
Core pressure 940 hPa ( Stornoway , Isle of Lewis , 24.12. )
temperature 15.6 ° C ( Salzburg , 25.12. )
consequences
affected areas Western Europe, especially United Kingdom , France , Spain
Victim 7th
several 100,000 households without electricity

Hurricane Dirk , also known as the Christmas hurricane in the media , was a hurricane that hit large parts of Western Europe from Monday,  December 23 to Wednesday, December 25, 2013, causing some considerable damage. At the same time there was record warmth in the eastern part of Europe and, as a result, heavy snowfall in the Alps.

meteorology

course

Deep oN
storm Heavy snowfall
Deep Italy low
Data
Beginning December 25, 2013
The End December 27, 2013
Amount of fresh snow 120 cm / 24 h ( San Bernardino , 25-26.12., Jew. Morning )
consequences
affected areas Southern side of the Alps: Italy , Switzerland , Austria
several thousand households without electricity

Storm depression Dirk emerged on December 22, 2013 near Newfoundland as a weak, but rapidly moving eastward low pressure area . The core then experienced an explosive cyclogenesis behind a strong Icelandic low Christian . On Monday at noon, the 23rd, Dirk had strengthened enormously and was now off the coast of Ireland . In the afternoon there were the first heavy squalls in the lowlands.

On Christmas Eve, the storm, which has since grown into a hurricane, reached its climax, the core air pressure sank to below 940  hectopascals at the Isle of Lewis , the lowest value measured since 1886. The foothills of the unusually large hurricane covered Ireland, Great Britain , Spain , Portugal , France , the Benelux countries , northwest Germany , Denmark and western Norway . At the same time, there was an intense south-westerly high-altitude current in front of the storm front , in the Alpine region with a strong foehn , as a typical Christmas thaw with some Christmas warming records . On Wednesday the 25th, on Christmas Day, the low shifted over the North Sea, the storm subsided and the southerly current increased.

Wind peaks
place km / h
Iraty FranceFrance 228
Gütsch ob Andermatt SwitzerlandSwitzerland 208
Needles Old Battery , Isle of WightUnited KingdomUnited Kingdom 149

A peak value was recorded at the French measuring station Iraty in the Pyrenees with 228 km / h. In the high altitudes of Scotland 180 km / h. In the English Channel were on 24 up to 148 km / h (92  mph measured). The storm grew to over 200 km / h in the Swiss Alps, known by MeteoSwiss as Föhnorkan ( Gütsch ob Andermatt at 2287 m wind peak 208 km / h, 3rd highest value from 1981). In some areas there was heavy rain, for example in Boscombe Down, Salisbury Plain UK, 66.7 liters within 24 hours (the largest 24-hour rainfall ever measured there), in Münsterland 37 l / 24 h.

Temperature records
place ° C
Salzburg AustriaAustria 15.6 (25.)
Moscow RussiaRussia 03.5
Binningen  BLSwitzerlandSwitzerland 17.1 (24.)
Bohumin Czech RepublicCzech Republic 13.2
24th or 25th; At least 100 years old, partly since the beginning of the recording

At the same time, about half of all measuring stations in Germany recorded the warmest December 24th since the beginning of the weather records, including Binningen in Baselland 17.1 ° C (the foehn regions of Switzerland 5–8 degrees above normal), Salzburg on the northern edge of the Alps measured 15.6 ° C the mildest December 25th, even in Moscow with 3.5 ° C the warmest December day for over 100 years was registered.

The low collapsed on the 27th of the month off Northern Norway. Its occlusion front had already formed a drag vortex over the Alps on Stephanitags (26th), which developed as a mighty - nameless - Mediterranean low, and in northern Italy to violent storms and in the Alps enormous amounts of snow ( northern Ticino , Misox up to 120 cm / 24 h , East Tyrol up to 80 cm) - in San Bernardino it was the most intense snowfall since measurements began in 1952.

Great climatic location

The event occurred in a phase of extremely strong global pressure fluctuations. Before Christmas, North America experienced temperature differences of 60 ° C over a few thousand kilometers (Florida +30 ° C, New York +16 ° C, north Midwest and Great Lakes −15 to -30 ° C), which becomes one of the most difficult after New Year's Eve Cold waves sprouted across North America . Eastern Canada and parts of the USA were hit by a snowstorm on the 22nd, there were several 100,000 households in Ontario, mostly in the Greater Toronto Area , without electricity on Christmas Eve ( Toronto ice storm ) . A real heat wave hit eastern Siberia, Alaska and the northern west coast in the weeks leading up to Christmas. A similar extreme situation had prevailed around North America in the first week of December, while hurricane Xaver passed through Europe . After that, around December 13th, there had been snow in the Levant as far as Israel.
In East Asia around Christmas, a drop of cold air was pushed abnormally far south from the Siberia high, on the Thai-Laotian border there was frost, and Thailand experienced a cold wall of below +20 ° C as far as Bangkok. There were also extreme weather conditions in the Antarctic.

consequences

At least seven people were killed in the storm.

Ireland

In Ireland, electricity went out for 30,000 households.

United Kingdom

On the night of December 24th, ferry traffic in the port of Dover had to be stopped. In southern England , 150,000 households were without electricity over the holidays because strong winds cut power lines. 1000 houses were flooded after heavy rain, making Dirk one of the events in the series of floods in England from late 2013 to early 2014 .

5 people died in the UK, including three dog owners trying to save their flood-hit animals.

France

In Brittany and Normandy , the electricity went out in over 240,000 households at noon on December 24th, and on Boxing Day the supply was still not restored for around 20,000. Here a child was killed by a collapsing wall, a Russian sailor from the freighter Victoriaborg went overboard in a gust of 120 km / h off the coast and drowned.

Spain

In Spain, the region of Galicia in the north-west was particularly affected by violent storms and large amounts of rain, and on Wednesdays the entire Iberian Peninsula. At times there were 88,000 households without electricity. In northwestern Spain, near Covas, a train derailed after crashing into a fallen tree. In Muxía , the pilgrimage church Santuario da Virxe da Barca was destroyed after a lightning strike.

Switzerland

In Switzerland, numerous mountain railways were closed due to the foehn storm (over 200 km / h in the summit area). After the heavy snowfall, traffic was suspended on several railway lines due to the risk of avalanches.

Italy

In Italy, heavy rain in the north and snowfall in the Alpine region caused severe disabilities in rail, road and air traffic. In Piedmont and Cortina d'Ampezzo , 10,000 people were without electricity. In Genoa, minor evacuations had to be carried out due to mudslides. There was an avalanche death near Turin.

Austria

In Austria there were widespread traffic delays. In the northeast in Lower Austria there were numerous fire brigades due to storms, particularly fallen trees. At the northern edge of the Alps, there is a Föhnstrum (Rudolfshütte 150 km / h, record temperatures in Salzburg), with several covered houses. At the same time, there was enormous amounts of fresh snow in the south, and several thousand households in East Tyrol and Carinthia were without electricity.

Poland

In Poland the storm reached almost 180 km / h in the south. Several dozen people were injured here due to the storm.

Denmark

In Denmark there were numerous traffic accidents due to poor visibility, with around 50 injured.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Tempête: record at 228 km / h dans les Pyrénées , Le Figaro, 2013/12/24
  2. ^ A b Eddie Graham: Lowest pressure for 127 years recorded in Stornoway today (Confirmed) + Storm Videos . In: UHI-Mahara , December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 25, 2013. 
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Holy Night, Stormy Night . In: Salzburger Nachrichten . December 27, 2013, Chronicle , p. 18 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h Weather Christmas with a storm, power failure and heat records , Der Tagesspiegel , December 25, 2013.
  5. ↑ a b c Heavy snowfalls in the south ( Memento of the original from December 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. and intermediate high after the big snow ( memento of the original from December 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , MeteoSwiss, daily news , December 26 and 27, 2013
  6. ↑ DWD weather map forecast for Sun 22.12.2013, 12:00 UTC , website of the Free University of Berlin
  7. ↑ DWD weather map forecast for Mon 23.12.2013, 12:00 UTC , FU Berlin
  8. ↑ Christmas Eve weather warning - lowest pressure in over 100 years . In: Stornoway Gazette , December 23, 2013. Retrieved December 25, 2013. 
  9. ↑ DWD weather map forecast for Tue December 24, 2013, 12:00 UTC , FU Berlin
  10. ↑ a b c Foehn storm on Christmas Eve ( Memento of the original from December 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , MeteoSwiss, daily news , December 24, 2013
  11. ↑ in a broader sense: the whole of December was exceptionally mild here in the lowlands, mostly plus degrees and without snow
  12. ↑ DWD weather map forecast for Wed December 25, 2013, 12:00 UTC , FU Berlin
  13. ↑ a b Balance of the Föhnorkan ( Memento of the original from December 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.meteoschweiz.admin.ch archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , MeteoSwiss, daily news , December 25, 2013
  14. ↑ a b c Wind and rainfall data 23 to 24 December 2013 , MetOffice, News , 2013/12/24
  15. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Extreme Christmas weather: "Dirk" brings storms, snow and warmth , SIR / dpa, Schwarzwaelder Bote online, December 27, 2013
  16. ↑ Warmest Christmas , contribution in Salzburg today , Wed, December 25, 2013 7:00 p.m. ( Video ( Memento of the original from December 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to instructions and then remove this note. , program archive tvthek.orf.at, 1:34 min., accessed December 28, 2013, later possibly no longer available) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / tvthek.orf.at
  17. ↑ Christmas 2012 Munich measured the mildest Christmas ever recorded with as much as 20.7 ° C ( warmest Christmas ever , Mittelbayerische.de, December 25, 2012), Berlin-Tempelhof with 12.5 ° C ( warmest Christmas since the beginning of the weather record , Berliner Morgenpost, December 25, 2012);
    Christmas 2009 also brought a number of temperature records (Golling near Salzburg 18.4 ° C;     warmest Christmas in 60 years , kurier.at, December 24, 2012).
  18. ↑ DWD weather map forecast for Fri 27.12.2013, 12:00 UTC , FU Berlin
  19. ↑ a b c d e A fierce greeting from Frau Holle. Chaos. Winter weather in Carinthia and East Tyrol . In: Salzburger Nachrichten . December 27, 2013, Austria , p. 11 .
  20. ^ Ice, snow storm hits Central and Atlantic Canada. Toronto Hydro CEO calls situation 'highest level of emergency'; outages could last until Christmas , CBC News, December 22, 2013; Ice storms in Canada, wetness in Germany. Hurricane "Dirk" blows a white Christmas away , n-tv online, December 23, 2013; → en: December 2013 North American storm complex .
  21. ↑ What has happened to Siberia? Russian region famous for being cold experiences freak warm weather in December for first time in living memory , Daily Mail Online, December 18, 2013
  22. ↑ Current pattern draws comparisons to historically cold December 1983 . Rick Grow, in The Washington Post online December 6, 2013 - detailed analysis
  23. ^ Electricity restored to most homes . In: RTE , December 25. Retrieved December 25, 2013. 
  24. ^ Severe storm in Europe: 5 dead, air travel snarled . In: Mercury News , December 24, 2013. 
  25. ↑ Storm destroys historic church in northern Spain , spanien-bilder.com, undated
  26. ↑ Storm causes road blocks, noe.orf.at, December 6, 2013
  27. ↑ a b Föhn paralyzed the train in the Gastein Valley . In: Salzburger Nachrichten . December 27, 2013, local section from town and country , p. 1 .