Ostra avenue

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ostra avenue
coat of arms
Street in Dresden
Ostra avenue
Ostra-Allee 1895
Basic data
place Dresden
Hist. Names Julian-Grimau-Allee (GDR period)
Cross streets Magdeburger Strasse, Theaterstrasse, Hertha-Lindner-Strasse, Am Zwingerteich, Kleine Packhofstrasse, Maxstrasse, Könneritzstrasse and Weißeritzstrasse .
Places Postplatz
Buildings House of the press
use
User groups Motor traffic , pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic
The Ostra-Allee at the Zwinger
The Ostra-Allee at the Haus der Presse with a view of the Postplatz

The Ostra-Allee is a street in Dresden . It originally led from a city gate that is no longer preserved today, the Wilsdruffer Tor , through the Wilsdruffer suburb to the prince- electoral Ostvorwerk in the western foreland of the then city. For several centuries, several sovereign properties and former factories had been located along its course . These included a glassworks, a smelter, the silver hammer , some orangery buildings, the Duchess Garden , the court wash house, the stately stables , the wooden yard and, in a former orchard area, the future Prince-Max-Palais .

description

The Ostra-Allee, an old road that connected the old town with the Vorwerk or Kammergut Ostra, leads into the Ostragehege landscape . This landscape zone, characterized by wet meadows , lay on both sides of the former Weißeritz estuary into the Elbe . In the immediate vicinity of the former timber yard and the electoral stables as well as the riding arena were the Ostrawiesen facing the Elbe, which were later called the Small Ostragehege . This landscape has not been preserved in its original form. The congress center , parts of the premises of the Haus der Presse and the Marienbrücke are located on this area .

Following the direction of traffic at the time, the path crossed the Weißeritzmühlgraben and then the Weißeritz over the Ostrabrücke . This bridge was located between today's railway line (north of Dresden Mitte station ) and Weißeritzstrasse, where it joins Friedrichstrasse. From the landward side of the bridge, paths led to the former village of Ostra (later Friedrichstadt ) and its manor, into the former meadow landscape of the Großer Ostragehege and south towards Wilsdruff . With the acquisition of meadows and fields in the village of Ostra by Elector Moritz , the sovereign uses of the later avenue intensified. He exchanged this area in 1559 from Meißner Bishop Johann IX. von Haugwitz against land in the village of Leubnitz . As a result, the outer electoral Ostravorwerk was built as a large agricultural property for the Dresden Fortress, including the neighboring forester's house.

In 1563, Elector August handed over the Ostravorwerk "with the ox farm" to Electress Anna and from 1568 to 1569 acquired further properties including the corridors of Cotta and Löbtau . At this time an inner and outer eastern works already existed. The inner Vorwerk (Ostro minor) , in the area of ​​the Kleiner Ostragehege , was given up as a cattle barn in 1573 because of the risk of flooding. In its place, according to plans by Hans Irmisch, a smelter for copper was built from 1582 to 1583 , which was demolished again in 1588. A smelting mill with grinder, lathes, grinder and ramming equipment was built there in 1606 . The Swedes destroyed it in 1706. On Ostra-Allee there was still the silver hammer built in 1622 to produce the silver fence required for the Dresden mint and an iron hammer built in 1623 in the area of ​​Maxstraße, which branches off today. There is also a gerberhof next to the orangery gardens and a glassworks (" Ostrahütte "). The latter was put into operation in 1700 and was supposed to produce large mirrors . However, this did not succeed at first and they were limited to drinking vessels and other glass tableware.

In the 17th and the beginning of the 18th century, the path to the Ostravorwerk was planted with fruit trees in the form of a double row. They were drawn as a trellis, which suggests the work of horticultural professionals. The invasion of Saxony by Swedish troops prompted them to dig up the trees, but did not use them again later.

After Friedrichsstadt was founded in 1730, the Ostra-Allee was widened in 1741 and in 1744 the old driveway was converted into a baroque boulevard. It has delegated Count Brühl the Electoral postal and road commissioner Johann Christian Trömer which to Glashütte docked a chestnut avenue. As part of this work, a space area was with the former Silver Hammer patch attached because it was difficult to pass in rainy weather. Since then, this economically important street has been called Ostra-Allee and has taken on the character of a public street. With the plans to expand the castle in 1743, considerations for the construction of a new electoral riding stables were taken up. This was built between 1744 and 1755 west of the Zwinger on Ostra-Allee.

In his description of the city from 1804, Friedrich Christian August Hasse speaks for the part out of town after the bridge over the course of the Weißeritz river from the Ostra- or Brückenstraße . A little later, around 1850, the name Friedrichstrasse established itself for this section of the street.

The original course of Ostra-Allee to Weißeritzbrücke was marked by a bend to the west at the level of the Prinz-Max-Palais. The straight continuation towards the northwest was only created with the construction of the Marienbrücke and was named Brückenstraße in 1862. This was changed in 1877, since then Ostra-Allee has been running in a straight line to Könneritzstrasse and the bend in the street was named Maxstrasse.

From 1963 to 1991 the avenue was named after the Spanish communist Julián Grimau . Today it is called Ostra-Allee again.

Today there are five cultural monuments on Ostra-Allee , next to the theater and the former commercial college , a school building at Ostra-Allee 9, these are the buildings at Ostra-Allee 25, 27 and 29. With the Duchess Garden and the Zwinger two other cultural monuments border Ostra-Allee.

Today Ostra-Allee starts at Postplatz and ends at Könneritzstraße, its northwest continuation is Magdeburger Straße. Malergäßchen, Hertha-Lindner-Strasse, An der Herzogin Garten and Maxstrasse flow into Ostra-Allee to the west, and Am Zwingerteich and Kleine Packhofstrasse from the east.

The annual Dresden Marathon runs along the Ostra-Allee, among other places.

Development

Palasthotel Weber Ostra-Allee / corner Postplatz
Logenhaus Ostra-Allee
Former orangery at the Duchess garden
Building of the former water management department in Dresden

A number of remarkable buildings were and still are on Ostra-Allee. The following numbering corresponds essentially to the current status and has been in force since around 1870, before completely different numbers existed, which makes it difficult to classify from older sources.

The odd numbers are on the west side of the street, the following buildings are worth mentioning here:

  • No. 1 = corner of Ostra-Allee / Postplatz ( Palasthotel Weber ): The hotel was built in the monumental style of reform architecture . It was the architectural counterpart to the Dresden Schauspielhaus on the corner of Ostra-Allee and Theaterstraße. The hotel was partially damaged in the war and demolished in 1968 against the protest of the Dresden population. In its place is now the open space in front of the theater.
  • No. 3 to 7 Originally the silver hammer and the royal court wash house as well as a residential building were located here. The first two were demolished in 1897/98, the latter stood until 1911 and then had to give way to the new building of the theater that is located here today. This building, erected in 1912/13, has the address Theaterstraße 2 today, but extends with its facade along Ostra-Allee.
  • No. 11 (Officio office building): The “three-zone facade structure” of the historic building at Ostra-Allee 9 was resumed by the “Officio” office building at No. 11, which was built in 1993/1995, and continued in a “modified manner”. The architect Bernhard Winking provided the designs for the house. The building was conceived as a perimeter block development on Ostra-Allee and represents the continuation of the building block on the west side of the Dresden theater . Four upper floors rise on a two-story basement, which are combined by a uniform perforated facade clad with sandstone. A stacked storey with a hipped roof, set back from the facade, forms the upper end of the building.
  • No. 13 The composer Richard Wagner lived here from 1843 to 1847 . Bernhard Schreiber converted the tenement house into the commercial building of the Dresden commercial association , which was inaugurated on November 29, 1870 . An extension with a neo-renaissance hall was added to the earlier residential building, which was only partially used as such . It offered space for 2057 people and from 1871 was the venue for the Gewerbehaus chapel, which was renamed the Dresden Philharmonic Orchestra in 1915 and the Dresden Philharmonic in 1923 . The Royal Chapel, today's Saxon State Orchestra Dresden , played concerts in the commercial building on a regular basis from 1871 onwards. The commercial building was destroyed in the air raids on Dresden in February 1945 and the ruins were cleared during the clearing of large areas. At this point today Hertha-Lindner-Straße joins Ostraallee.
  • No. 15b (corner of An der Herzogin Garten). Until 1945, the middle-class Hotel Reibeholz "Herzogin Garten", opened in 1902, was located here. It was solidly furnished, had 100 beds, electric lights, a lift and central heating. With room prices starting at 1.25 marks per night, it was significantly cheaper than the nearby Hotel Weber. The building also housed a restaurant and a hall for weddings and club celebrations.
  • No. 19 In 1911/12 the Association of Dresden Bowling Clubs built a new bowling house here in place of a completely demolished residential building. It consisted of a five storey high front building and the railway house connected by a connecting passage. Twelve lanes were built into the railway house on three floors one above the other. All of them were laid out strictly according to the regulations of the German bowling association, which meant in particular that they were given the federally prescribed length of 25 meters. On January 25th and 26th, 1912, the "Keglerhaus Ostra-Allee" was inaugurated as the most beautiful in Germany at the time.
  • No. 21 (corner of Trabantengasse) This house was a residence of a court employee until 1908 and was owned by the royal family. In 1908, the “Volkswohl” cooperative , founded in 1888 by the Saxon privy councilor Viktor Böhmert , was able to acquire the property and built the Volkswohlsaal for up to 1,700 people here, including the former Trianon halls at Trabantengasse 1 to 3. Folk pieces were played here at low entry prices (floor: 30 pfennigs, side seat: 20 pfennigs).
  • No. 23 ( building of the former water management department Obere Elbe-Neisse ): The building ensemble consists of a classic high-rise and a low-rise building, which was built from 1958 to 1960 according to plans by architects Peter Kluge and Karl-Heinz Brade. It combines traditional and modern construction from the late 1950s because it breaks away from the concept of the compact city. The former dining room is clearly set back from the traditional, five-story building. A free-standing sculpture man and water by Karl Lüdecke was erected there.
  • No. 33 ( Art'otel and Art'forum ): At Ostra-Allee 33 / corner Maxstraße 2–8, the building complex was built from 1991 to 1996 as a jewel box of modern art. There is an original AR Penck picture in each of the 180 rooms . Shrill, colorful design objects by the Milanese artist Denis Santachiara can be found in the café, restaurant and lobby.

The buildings with the even house numbers were on the east side of the street. Since neither the Zwinger nor the Marstall are directly adjacent to Ostra-Allee, the following are only worth mentioning from this side of the street:

  • No. 6 In 1773/74, the actor Antonio Bertoldi bought the property and had a residential building built and a small mill at the back for grinding wheat flour. The flour was processed into pasta or macaroni, which is why the name “Maccaroni mill” was also used. In the middle of the 19th century pasta production and in 1870 the mill was completely stopped. A small pub was built in the front building. In 1913, the very harmoniously designed building built in the Rococo era was demolished. A new building was erected with the relief of a water wheel on its facade. The pub "Zur alten Nudelmühle" continued to run and even after the house burned down in 1945, the pub remained in operation until the 1960s. In 1972 the building was demolished. Today the buildings of the theater workshops stand here.
  • The Ostra-Allee around 1823 at the Prinz-Max-Palais
    No. 22 to 26 (Prince Max Palace). At this point, which was located until 1890 Prince Max Palace , originally 1742/1748 as a residence of Gaetano Chiaveri had been built. In 1783 Johann August Giesel rebuilt the palace in the classicism style , with the building receiving a new portal, observatory, interior (partly by Christian Traugott Weinlig ) and a garden. After the palace increasingly fell into disrepair in the late 19th century, it was sold and demolished in 1890 when Permoserstraße was broken through. The Wilhelminian-style residential developments to the left and right of Permoserstraße, like almost the entire street, fell victim to the bombing raids in February 1945. From 1958 the House of the Press was built on this site . This was awarded an architecture prize in 1966 as the “best building in the city of Dresden” and symbolizes the architectural transition from the national building tradition to the international style .

In the 1860s, on the corner plot of Ostra-Allee / bridge driveway to Marienbrücke, there was the house where the bridge money was collected and, behind it, the “Royal Court Gardening” as part of the Maximiliansgarten. The horticultural society Flora had its seat in the latter since 1874. In the 1890s there was a tram station behind the garden buildings. On the city map from 1903, the corner is undeveloped, both the takers' houses, the garden buildings and the tram station have disappeared, and development did not begin again until 1910.

literature

  • Walter May, Werner Pampel and Hans Konrad: Architectural Guide GDR, Dresden District . VEB Verlag für Bauwesen, Berlin 1979.
  • Gilbert Lupfer, Bernhard Sterra and Martin Wörner (eds.): Architecture guide Dresden . Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-496-01179-3 .
  • Ingeborg flag: Dresden, city guide of contemporary architecture . The example, Darmstadt 2004, ISBN 3-935243-48-0 .
  • Holger Gantz: 100 buildings in Dresden: A guide to buildings of historical and architectural importance . Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 1997, ISBN 3-7954-1111-4 .
  • Friedrich Christian August Hasse : Dresden and the surrounding area to Elsterwerda, Bautzen, Herrnhut, Rumburg, Aussig, Töplitz, Freyberg and Hubertusburg. A presentation for nature and art lovers, first part. 2nd increased edition. Arnoldische Buch- und Kunsthandlung, Dresden 1804.
  • Heinrich Haug: On the history of the sovereign land on Ostraallee . In: Association for the History of Dresden (Ed.): Dresdner Geschichtsblätter , VIII., 1899, Issue 4

Web links

Commons : Ostra-Allee, Dresden  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Dresdner Geschichtsblätter 1899, p. 201
  2. ^ Alfred Hahn, Ernst Neef: Dresden. Results of the local history inventory . Berlin (Akademie-Verlag) 1985, p. 100
  3. ↑ Dresdner Geschichtsblätter 1899, p. 203
  4. ↑ Dresdner Geschichtsblätter 1899, pp. 206, 207
  5. ↑ PG Hilscher (ed.): The collector for history and antiquity, for art and nature in the Elbthale . No. 18, Ch. F. Grimmer, Dresden 1837, pp. 287–288
  6. ^ Friedrich Christian August Hasse : Dresden and the surrounding area, 1804, p. 241
  7. ↑ JG Hessler, O. Jessler: Floor plan of the main u. Residence city Dresden together with the suburbs . Dresden 1849
  8. ↑ Karlheinz Kreglin: Dresden - The book of names of streets and squares in the 26er ring, flying head Verlag Halle / Saale (1993)
  9. ↑ a b c d Ostra-Allee, House of the Press, Marstall, Orangery. In: Dresden-und-Sachsen.de. Retrieved March 23, 2013 .
  10. ^ Dresdner Geschichtsblätter 1899, p. 202
  11. ↑ a b c Lupfer et al., No. 40 (Officio office building, Ostra-Allee 11, 1993–95, Bernhard Winking)
  12. ↑ Chronicle of the Dresden Trade Association as a commemorative publication for the 50th anniversary of the foundation, Dresden 1884, p. 173
  13. ^ Paul Schumann , Friedrich Kummer : Dresden and the Elbe area . Publishing house of the Association for the Promotion of Dresden and Tourism, 1918
  14. ^ Address book for Dresden and its suburbs, 1904
  15. ↑ Chronicle of the Dresden Trade Association as a commemorative publication for the 50th anniversary celebration, Dresden 1884, p. 177
  16. ↑ Michael Schmidt: Walk through the old Dresden in picture postcards around 1900 - the Pirnaische Vorstadt, the Seevorstadt and the Wilsdruffer Vorstadt. Sonnenblumen-Verlag: Dresden 2007, ISBN 3-9804637-2-9
  17. ↑ Grieben's travel guide, Volume 5, Dresden 1904–1905
  18. ^ Dresdner Anzeiger of March 8, 1936
  19. ↑ Festschrift: 175 years of official statistics in Saxony (2006)
  20. ^ Thomas Kantschew: publishing house of the Saxon newspaper - formerly "House of the press". In: The new Dresden. Architecture and urban planning from 1918 until today. Retrieved March 23, 2013 .
  21. ↑ May et al., No. 21 (administration building of the water management department Obere Elbe-Mulde, Julian-Grimau-Allee 23.)
  22. ↑ a b Gantz, No. 39 (Art'otel and Art'forum)
  23. ↑ Wolfgang Müller, Memories of Old Dresden, Der Weißeritzmühlgraben, Dresden 2005
  24. ↑ a b Register: Architects. In: Dresden-und-Sachsen.de. Retrieved March 23, 2013 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 3 '14.1 "  N , 13 ° 43' 50.6"  E