The Duchess Garden

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The Duchess Garden after the opening in August 2019
Enclosure, August 2019

The Duchess Garden is a historic garden in Dresden that was fallow from the end of the war until it was rebuilt in the 2010s. As a whole, it is under monument protection, cf. List of monument conservation issues in Dresden #Parks and squares .

Since the German reunification there have been several plans to develop the property. After none of the plans had been implemented, Baywobau , which had already rebuilt two Neumarkt quarters , built rental apartments with the Czech CTR group on the southern part of the property on Hertha-Lindner-Strasse under the name “Residenz am Zwinger”. In June 2013 it was published that a community of heirs of the Wettins had sold their share of the property to the entrepreneur Reinhard Saal , who had previously acquired the insolvent Laubegast shipyard . Instead of an unrealized four-star hotel, the opening of which was planned for 2009, rental apartments were also built there, and the orangery was also rebuilt based on the historical model.

Surname

Street sign An der Herzogin Garten (2008) with the impenetrable thicket typical of the area at the time
On this map of the city center from 1809, the area is referred to as the "Orangery Garden".
In a recognizable state after the destruction, the orangery and the Saxon state coat of arms were preserved.

The Duchess Garden is a so-called Saxon genitive and means “Duchess's garden”, where “the” refers to “Duchess” and not to “garden” (cf. Des Knaben Wunderhorn , the riddle's solution, the miller's lust ). "The Duchess" is a noun attribute that precedes the noun "garden". This somewhat antiquated construction is sometimes no longer understood today and is reinterpreted as the “Herzogingarten”. The specific feminine article "der" indicating the genitive is omitted, thus falsifying the name of the garden. The correct name comes from the spelling of the street sign "An der Herzogin Garten".

location

The Duchess Garden is located in the Wilsdruffer Vorstadt in the city center of Dresden, directly on the western edge of the inner old town . It is enclosed by the streets Ostra-Allee in the northeast, Hertha-Lindner-Strasse in the southeast, Am Queckbrunnen and Am Schießhaus in the southwest and An der Herzogin Garten in the northwest. In historical times, Ostra-Allee was the only connection between Wilsdruffer Tor and Ostra . The Duchess Garden is only about 500 m northwest of the Altmarkt , the historic city center. In its vicinity are the Zwinger , directly to the east , the town house , the shooting house and the royal stables . In the past, the Duchess Garden was just outside the wall ring of the city ​​fortifications .

history

In 1535, the future Elector Moritz von Sachsen acquired the so-called Baumgarten zu Klein-Ostra from the ducal councilor Georg von Komerstadt . In the immediate vicinity of the area later known as the Duchess Garden was the Vorwerk Klein-Ostra , which Moritz acquired in 1550 to supply the castle . After his death, his brother, Elector August , had the Vorwerk in the area of ​​the village of Ostra (in today's Ostragehege ) enlarged and expanded because otherwise it would not be sufficient for the large electoral estate he had planned to supply Dresden. The older and smaller Vorwerk was torn down again around 1573, also due to flood damage. Around 1591, Elector Christian I had a pleasure garden laid out for his wife Sophie in the immediate vicinity of the old Vorwerk . The name of the garden is derived from this Duchess of Saxony. In the following years it remained in the possession of the Wettins .

Around 1700, the Dresdner Glashütte built at the north-west end of the garden, the Ostrahütte under the supervision of Tschirnhaus , began production. It used the water power from the Weißeritzmühlgraben , which at that time also passed the Duchess Garden. A few decades later, under Elector August the Strong , the orangery was moved from the Zwinger to the Duchess Garden. This electoral collection of rare southern plants has been expanded considerably over the years. Johann Heinrich Seidel , since 1771 adjunct at the Duchess Garden, since 1778 elector of Saxon and later royal court gardener , housed around 4300 plant species and varieties here in 1806. It was one of the largest collections of its kind at the time. Among other things, this fact helped the Dresden horticulture to world fame during this time. Until the 19th century there were greenhouses in the Duchess Garden , which were used for the cultivation and care of courtly ornamental plants .

View from the Dresden town house in the Wilsdruffer suburb over the Duchess Garden in January 2008; in the background v. r. To the left : Erlweinspeicher , Haus der Presse (green high-rise building) and Yenidze , on the left the Schützenplatz with the shooting range and the Volkshaus

In 1841, under the direction of the architect Otto von Wolframsdorf (1803–1849), a new neo-renaissance orangery building made of sandstone was built . Wolframsdorf was the royal court architect parallel to Gottfried Semper and made some interesting alternative designs to his work. In the case of the Duchess Garten, he prevailed against Semper, who had also devised an orangery at the Zwinger as part of his forum plan from 1837. The Wolframsdorf Orangery, designed in the style of the Italian Early Renaissance , was 114 m long, 15 m wide and 8 m high. It had 22 high arched windows on the southeast side facing the garden and a richly structured facade that was accented with marble incrustations. The building was also used to overwinter the warmth-loving ornamental trees of the kennel. The area of ​​the garden, which originally extended much further out of town, has meanwhile been restricted more and more for urban planning reasons.

Around 1900 there were two well-known Dresden buildings in the southeast corner of the garden. Closer to Postplatz was the commercial building of the Dresdner Gewerbeverein, opened in 1870 , whose hall, which had space for 2,000 people, was the first venue for the Dresden Philharmonic , which was then still called the Gewerbehauskapelle . Neighboring to the northwest was the lodge house for the two Masonic lodges To the three swords and Astraea to the green diamond and the golden apple . Even further out of town, on Ostra-Allee immediately after the orangery building, was the stately Wilhelminian-style hotel and restaurant Herzogin Garten (formerly: Hotel Baviere). The Museum of Animal Science and Ethnology , then located across the street in the Zwinger, received additional storage and special exhibition rooms in the orangery building in the Duchess Garden in 1920. When the entire garden and with it the orangery building were destroyed in the Anglo-American air raids in February 1945, the museum also lost important large objects. The site fell into disrepair after the Second World War , as no reconstruction was planned. The Wettins were expropriated at the end of the war, but were given the property back in the 1990s. Since names that were reminiscent of the monarchy were not compatible with the political system during the GDR era, the site was then temporarily called Ostragarten and the neighboring street was accordingly called Am Ostragarten .

After the fall of the Wall, the first question was the construction of a new art gallery at the Duchess Garden. According to plans by Frank Stella , spherical or cup cake-shaped structures were to be built. In view of the fact that this project in the direct vicinity of the Zwinger seemed to many citizens and politicians as too futuristic and disrespectful, it was lost in a long-term discussion. The investor Rolf Hoffmann turned to Berlin . Thus, the site remained unchanged for more than another decade. In the meantime, plans for an architecture and museum center have also been drawn up as part of student work.

The wild-growing tree population that has characterized the garden for decades was removed in 2013 in preparatory work for the development. Particularly noticeable was a row of pyramid poplars in the middle of the area, which was also not preserved. Until 2015, The Duchess Garden was only partially fenced in wasteland . The decades-long neglect of the site is all the more astonishing when you consider that one of the world's most famous baroque buildings is located directly across the street from Ostra-Allee with the Zwinger , to which the Duchess Garden stood in stark contrast. For a long time only a remnant of the top facade of the orangery building on Ostra-Allee reminded of the splendid pre-war condition of the garden. The niche figures Pomona and Flora by Ernst Hähnel have been preserved from the building decorations . In the lapidarium in the Zionskirchen ruin, parts of the old cast iron fence that was made in Lauchhammer are also stored . On the southwest side of the area there are still old enclosure walls , which have been preserved in the course of the construction activities. In January 2014, the citizens' initiative StadtbilDD started an online petition with the “demand for the reconstruction of the Dresden Orangery based on a historical model”. The aim was for the city council and the building committee to take this reconstruction into account in their decisions on the form of development on the Duchess garden.

With the increase in construction activities in the entire inner city of Dresden, the Duchess Garden also attracted the interest of investors again. Part of the "Residenz am Zwinger" on the Ostend of the Duchess Garden was ready for occupancy in October 2016. At the southern end of the former garden, an elongated head building was built in the same architectural style. The shell of the orangery was completed in October 2017.

View across Ostra-Allee to the preserved portal of the former orangery building
Sculpture at the orangery

After the construction activities on the site have been completed, the former fallow land, which has existed for over 70 years, has been transformed into a new residential area in downtown Dresden. Based on the long history and as an urban compromise, the old orangery was rebuilt in relation to the original design. The inner courtyard of the area can be viewed from the Zwinger and includes a publicly accessible park-like facility. A small part of the wrought iron fence was integrated into the area in a Wilhelminian style.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Peter Weckbrodt: From September 2013, Baywobau wants to build the Duchess Garden in Dresden. In: Dresdner Latest News . January 2, 2013, accessed August 5, 2020 .
  2. ^ Residence at the Zwinger. CTR Immo Dresden, accessed on August 5, 2020 .
  3. ↑ Christoph Stephan: Millionaire from Siegen also cultivates the Duchess Garden in Dresden. In: Dresdner Latest News. June 29, 2013, accessed August 5, 2020 .
  4. ^ Friedrichstadt: From history. (No longer available online.) In: Dresden-und-Sachsen.de. Archived from the original on July 9, 2013 ; Retrieved March 23, 2013 .
  5. ^ Wilsdruffer suburb. In: Dresden-und-Sachsen.de. Retrieved March 23, 2013 .
  6. ↑ Tschirnhaus' curriculum vitae. Tschirnhaus-Gesellschaft, accessed on August 5, 2020 .
  7. ^ Wolfgang Müller: Eisenhammer, Glashütte, Schleifmühle. In: Weisseritzmuehlgraben.de. Retrieved August 5, 2020 .
  8. ↑ About us ... TJ Rud. Seidel rhododendron cultures, accessed on March 23, 2013 .
  9. ↑ The Botanical Collections in Pirna -zutendorf. Förderverein Landschloss Pirna -zutendorf , accessed on August 5, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Gottfried Semper and Otto von Wolframsdorf on their 200th birthday: Cabinet exhibition of the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Saxony. (PDF; 73 kB) State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, accessed on January 11, 2014 .
  11. ^ Heinz Quinger : Dresden and the surrounding area: history, art and culture of the Saxon capital . DuMont Reiseverlag, 1999, p. 37, 173 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  12. ^ Gilbert Lupfer (ed.): Architectural Guide Dresden . Reimer, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-496-01179-3 .
  13. ↑ a b Ostra-Allee, House of the Press, Marstall, Orangery. In: Dresden-und-Sachsen.de. Retrieved March 23, 2013 .
  14. ^ Dresden, Duchess Garden. Deutsche Fotothek , accessed on January 11, 2014 .
  15. ↑ Press kit of the state capital Dresden and its co-exhibitors for EXPO REAL in Munich from October 8th to 10th 2007. In: minnemedia.com. Archived from the original on April 5, 2008 ; accessed on January 11, 2014 .
  16. ↑ Michael Schmidt: Walk through the old Dresden in picture postcards around 1900 - the Pirnaische Vorstadt, the Seevorstadt and the Wilsdruffer Vorstadt . Sonnenblumen-Verlag, Dresden 2007, ISBN 3-9804637-2-9 .
  17. ↑ Jürgen Helfricht : Dream paths through old Dresden . Husum, Husum 2007, ISBN 978-3-89876-270-0 .
  18. ↑ On the history of the Museum für Völkerkunde Dresden. (No longer available online.) Museum für Völkerkunde Dresden , archived from the original on December 8, 2013 ; accessed on January 11, 2014 .
  19. ↑ At the Duchess Garden. In: Dresden-Lexikon.de. Retrieved January 11, 2014 .
  20. ^ Thea Herold: Art in the Hotel . In: The time . No. 39 , September 22, 1995 ( zeit.de ).
  21. ↑ St. Georg: Horror House becomes Pop Art Museum. In: Hamburger Morgenpost . February 11, 2006, archived from the original on February 24, 2006 ; accessed on January 11, 2014 .
  22. ^ Robert Schediwy: Städtebilder: Reflections on the change in architecture and urbanism . LIT Verlag, Münster 2005, p. 91 f . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  23. ↑ Architectural reflections - visualization with a 3D studio. Documentation architecture (winter semester 2004/05). HTW Dresden , Department of Civil Engineering / Architecture, archived from the original on July 27, 2007 ; accessed on January 11, 2014 .
  24. ↑ Katja Solbrig: Stone History - Sculptures and… are stored in the Lapidarium , in: Sächsische Zeitung , September 7, 2004.
    Heidrun Hannusch: 1000 Neumarkt pieces - guaranteed genuine , in: Dresdner Latest News , April 18, 2006.
    Both articles are available online Neumarkt-Dresden.de , published by the Gesellschaft Historischer Neumarkt Dresden e. V.
  25. ^ Photo of the wall on Das neue Dresden
  26. ^ Citizens' initiative StadtbilDD: Demand for the reconstruction of the Orangery Dresden based on a historical model. In: openpetition.de. January 23, 2014, accessed January 29, 2014 .
  27. ^ Sebastian Burkhardt: Temporary luxury apartments - Official rental start in the residence at the Zwinger in Dresden Dresdner Latest News. Retrieved November 9, 2017 .

literature

  • Hiltrud Lintel: The Duchess Garden Dresden - from the electoral bitter orange garden to the public pleasure garden. Hanover, University, Institute for Green Planning and Garden Architecture, Diploma thesis 1995.
  • Jana Mészáros: At the duchess garden. Dresden, Technical University, Institute for Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Plant Use, Diploma thesis 2003.

Web links

Commons : The Duchess Garden  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 16 ″  N , 13 ° 43 ′ 48 ″  E