Paul Georg Münch

Paul Georg Münch (born February 16, 1877 in Leipzig ; † June 16, 1956 there ) was a German elementary school teacher , reform pedagogue and writer .

Education and career as a teacher

Born in Leipzig as the son of a businessman, Münch attended elementary school in his hometown. After training at the royal Saxon teachers' seminars in Borna and Oschatz , he first became an assistant teacher in Zwenkau near Leipzig in 1897 . From Easter 1900 until his retirement at Easter 1936 he was a teacher in Leipzig- Connewitz , first at the XIV., Later at the V Bürgererschule. Münch also spent the last 20 years of his life in Leipzig.

Writing activity

Before 1920

As early as 1908 with the collection of essays »All about the red inkwell«, in which he advocated free essays as a means of developing student personalities, Münch positioned himself on the side of the reform educators who, since the end of the 19th century, have been looking for ways to overcome the traditional Looking for a drill school. His school and educational novel »Der Weg ins Kinderland«, published in the same year, dealt with the topics of " Landerziehungsheim " and " Coeducation " , which are also topical in this context, in the form of narrative representation.

After the novella “Arnd and Silene” (1910), Münch presented “Wendel the Boy and the Boy” in 1913 for the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Leipzig , a historical novel set in the context of the Wars of Liberation , which also in terms of its literary quality criticized, but on the other hand it was praised as a “people's book ” which “impressively depicts all the emanations of the most German character in an individual fate on the most suitable foil.” Münch also enjoyed success as a playwright. "Wandervögel", his comedy in 3 acts, was premiered in Bremen in spring 1914, whereupon the performance rights were immediately acquired by Hamburg's Thalia Thater , the New Theater in Frankfurt am Main and the New Playhouse in Königsberg.

After the outbreak of the First World War, Münch can be found in German nationalist and militarist waters, for example when he describes the fatally wounded protagonist in a war picture printed in Westermann's monthly magazine in 1915 with the title "Heroes of Duty" death on the battlefield as the "greatest experience" and "holy sowing" transfigured:

“Do you call them heroes of duty who are now walking in the great procession of the dead? They are more! Fighters out of their own urge, fighters for the soul of the world! Fighters for the world of Goethe, Kant, Dürer, Beethoven! The goal is great and the effort is great! Death demanded thousands and thousands, but all died in the great Germanic longing. This longing, that is the happiness of this time. Hey now, death! Where is your sting Your horror? Come on, poor fellow! Lost your sting and your scourge and all your weapons are blunt. Our thoughts have long since ceased to give you cowardice ... come exercise your blood authority! Said to do it bad to us, and tore out the gate to the great German future! Have become the greatest experience during this time, bony fellow! For the brave, dying is a holy sowing in the confidence of a good harvest ... our German fatherland is said to have its happiest century out of this war and - "

- Paul Georg Münch (1915)

So far, little attention has been paid to the fact that Paul Georg Münch was also the author of a fictional world war novel published anonymously in 1915 with the title Hindenburg's Invasion of London . Münch's authorship was expressly confirmed as early as 1937 in an article published on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Münch himself proudly confessed to the book in a résumé written in 1953. He asserted that the British government was firmly convinced

“Only a senior officer could have written it. And she suspected that a general from the school had chatted here against the will of the Supreme Army Command. She had the book translated and supported its distribution with government support. Millions of copies went to the Dominions as a warning call. There are meetings ahead of me from Shanghai and Sydney, from Canada and South Africa, from every major city in the British world. And all assessors agree that a general staff officer disguised himself as a "German poet" and disclosed secret military plans. - So a little Leipzig schoolmaster loaded the British government on a broomstick. "

- Paul Georg Münch (1953)

The work of the “little Leipzig schoolmaster”, which actually appeared in two English editions, was of course only recently classified as “one of the most bizarre and at the same time repulsive documents” among “England-hostile attacks of hatred that testify to feelings of powerlessness and unrealistic omnipotence fantasies”. In addition to countless chauvinisms, it comes up with racist clichés of the worst kind: When colored soldiers from the British dominions are mentioned , they consistently speak of "predators", one finds an "Australian cannibal (s) with a gorilla look" and other dehumanizing animal metaphors ("snakes") , "Bipedal predators", "crawling amphibian stink" etc.). In the description of an attack by Gurkhas on German positions and the later counterattack in which the Germans no longer took prisoners, it says:

“The savages act like mad. the Gurkhas bite the wrists of their victims in two. The jackals hiss around in the trench rubble and choke whatever stirs. Finely cultivated brains are torn open by beasts, sensitive, clever people are slaughtered by cannibal clans. Young German blood, who sat on the school desk and studied and kept learning until their military service, is being slaughtered like slaughter cattle by these hordes ...
[...]
Anyone who incites rabid dogs on people is no longer protected by martial law. In the fight with this animal-like, snarling rabble, only the laws of predator hunting apply to the German soldiers. "

- Paul Georg Münch (1915)

Even after the horrors of the lost First World War, which Münch only experienced from afar, he stuck to his patriotistically disguised attitude. In a review published in the Leipziger Illustrirten Zeitung in 1919 , he praised Wilhelm Schreiner's Death of Ypres, published in 1917, as

“The song of praise of youthful enthusiasm, loyal devotion to the great ideas of 1914. Anyone who lets this literary monument to our death-defying youth work on them now asks and asks themselves again and again: Did it have to come to such an end? Books of this kind fill you with sadness these days that your eyes get moist ... "

- Paul Georg Münch (1919)

1920 to 1933

With the »The Art of Teaching Children. An entertaining little book about work school «and above all» Joy is everything! Experiences and thoughts on a school inspection trip ”Münch became known as a pioneer of reform pedagogy in Germany. Whether the essay »The nonsense of" duty "" published in 1921 as a preprint from the last-named book already marked a change in Münch's attitude away from the attitude shown in the "heroes of duty" - possibly already propagated in the title not clear. In turning away from the glorification of the emperor in the »Heroes of Duty«, Münch as a modern pedagogue polemicizes against the "career-capable teacher personality [...] of the Wilhelmine era" with their "solemn grimace of iron duty", in whose class the "prescribed cemetery quiet "prevails. Further publications on pedagogy appeared in the period that followed, and some of Münch's work achieved large print runs and were translated. He later noted: “My wheat flourished in the twenties.” Noteworthy is “With young people from all countries on Sylt - An educational and ethnic psychological experiment” from 1922. It describes a four-week “educational experiment” that Münch did at 26 Half of German and foreign children in the Puan Klent youth camp on Sylt . With this “small-scale attempt to reconcile nations”, “children of different nations, still bitterly hostile today, [...] should have the opportunity to get to know, respect and appreciate each other.” It now seems that a class struggle accent resonates when Münch with the children on that "Patriotic drones" comes to the fore, "which has come together under the black, white and red flags of Westerland" and denounces its luxury life. In 1931, the Berlin Book Guild Gutenberg , which is closely related to the German labor movement, published a collection of stories from Münch under the title "Mein frohes Völkchen", "apparently only harmless sketches from everyday school life, but behind these sketches", such as the review in "Educational work. Blätter für Sozialistisches Bildungswesen "," is clever advertising for a new education, for a teaching system that does not impose opinions on the pupil, but allows him to doubt, research and judge himself. "With this publication Münch finally became popular as a reform pedagogue.

Münch recognized the possibilities of the new medium of broadcasting early on and used them in his own way, including students. His “radio history lesson”, in which he had the “course of the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig” described by a fictional eyewitness, was well received.

1933-1945

"Paul Georg Münch wrote the first National Socialist novel for us in" Sun about Kinderland ", the " Calendar of German Work "published by the German Labor Front (DAF) made public as early as 1933, shortly after the Gutenberg Book Guild was taken over at the beginning of May. In fact, Münch was one of the few old authors of the formerly left-wing Berlin Book Guild, who continued to publish with the now ideologically reoriented "Nazi Guild" after the forced takeover by the Nazi unity association DAF. In a prospectus of the Dürrschen bookstore in Leipzig he explained in November 1933 with a joking allusion to his first name, which was abbreviated to PG , an abbreviation that was then commonly understood as a party member (in the NSDAP):

"Anyone who is born as a PG naturally tries to influence the broad masses in the spirit of this movement ...!"

- Paul Georg Münch (1933)

The reorientation of Münch, which was also manifested in the subtitle of the above-mentioned novel ("The story of a young teacher at the turn of the century "), led to bitter accusations that were no longer publicly articulated in Germany, but in Switzerland. Münch, who still appeared in Switzerland at the end of 1932 at events organized by workers' and trade union organizations in conjunction with the old Gutenberg Book Guild, was insulted as a “renegade” who “buried his past” “in the he could only risk his school experiments at the side of the Marxists and with their support. ”Indeed, Münch himself seems to have apologized to the new rulers in Germany for his late commitment to them , possibly only around the seizure of power (January 1933) to have: It was only through his fictional characters from "Sun over Kinderland", he claims , that he recognized "why the country teachers were SA people when we city teachers were still considering the pros and cons." In 1963, the Swiss mocked himself Teacher and author of young books Adolf Haller (1897–1970) on the contradiction between the “ Köpenickiade ” described by Münch (in the story “Der Gamsbartk aktus «from 1931) and the actual behavior of the writer not named:" Two or at most three years later ", therefore in 1933 or at the latest in 1934," the same surgeon of the soul [di Münch] who did his pupils "later traveled before farmer fishing "wanted to protect" against National Socialism and confessed contrite, if not with these words, his lack of insight that he himself had only recognized the new Gamsbart-Köpenick [i.e. Adolf Hitler ] as the savior of Germany and the world in 1933. "

Münch came to terms with the Nazi zeitgeist in a not clumsy way by incorporating the greats of the regime as positive elements in his texts. For example, it was the joy of having happened to witness a public appearance by Reich Minister Joseph Goebbels , which gave a couple of Hitler Youths, exhausted from a forced march, fresh strength. Repressive for its refusal to "fear of hell" established methods of education in school Münch chose the NSDAP - Reichsleiter Robert Ley a powerful advocate: "We are pleased but rather a word of Dr. Ley: »We don't want guilt and repentance, but strength and joy« ". In the same article from 1937, “our Führer” is finally mentioned - in a comparison with “Dr. Martinus Luther ”, who like Adolf Hitler stood“ in a fight against a whole world ”. The quintessence of "Lutheran art of living" according to Münch is therefore

"To be a fighter outside and a lute player inside, SA man in high boots outside and a smiling playmate inside, and to leave everything outside the door that doesn't belong in the children's room and school room."

- Paul Georg Münch (1937)

The described arrangement of Münch with the conditions in the Third Reich can also be recognized in the paraphrasing rendering of his previously mentioned story »Der Gamsbartkaktus«, published in 1931. Instead of "You did it fine!" (Original version), the smart student who revealed the secret of the mysterious plant was certified in 1937 - in his mind: "The new Germany needs so alert fellows like you!" Also in the 15th volume of »" Frohes Schaffen ", which was specifically oriented towards NS ideology for the first time. Das Jugendjahrbuch Großdeutschlands «is represented by Münch as the author of a short, in itself harmless story, at the end of which, however, he urges the students:" Preserve the spirit in which the new youth rallies around our leader. "Münch is not with his attitude met with approval everywhere: the "suggestive and ambiguous jokes" in the "Storchenbuch" of 1941 were - contrary to Münch's intention - not accepted as a serious contribution to Nazi population policy.

post war period

A whole series of Münch's works can be found in the so-called list of literature to be sorted out , which was created after the Second World War, more closely between 1946 and 1953 in the Soviet occupation zone (SBZ) or German Democratic Republic (GDR) and as the basis for the "Weeding out harmful literature" should serve.

A total of nine titles by the pedagogue were affected, although three of the books mentioned in the list of suggestions from February 1946 no longer appeared in the preliminary edition or the supplements of 1947, 1948 and 1953 published that same year . For this purpose, further works were added there and in two of the three supplementary volumes. In detail, these are (in the order of the first mention in the list; the numbers in brackets, which cannot be found in print, refer to the online transcription of the list):

Title (according to templates)	List of proposals (February 1946)	Preliminary Edition (1946)	First addendum (1947)	Second addendum (1948)	Third addendum (1953)
Frank Anders fur goods	X
My rascals	X
Rods from my nest / Rods from my nest. - Berlin: Buchmeister-Verl. 1942.	X			X ( No. 5479 )
Sun over Kinderland / Sun over Kinderland. - Berlin: Buchmeister-Verl. 1933	X	X ( No. 8211 )
How I saw her again	X
Out and about with happy people. - Leipzig: Bohn 1938		X ( No. 8210 )
Whole guys and weird owls. - Leipzig: Bohn 1943.				X ( No. 5478 )
The stork book. - Leipzig: Bohn 1941.				X ( No. 5480 )
Happy upbringing. - Leipzig: Dürr 1935.					X ( No. 3511 )

While six of the books listed in East Germany were definitely considered literature to be “discarded” and Münch was apparently unable to publish anything there, it was reprinted in the West.

Importance as an educator

When congratulating on his 50th birthday in 1927, Münch's "early written" books are certified in the teachers' magazine Die Deutsche Schule as having "not a small share" in the "school renewal movement of our time". Münch and his work in 1931 are also recognized in the world stage headed by Kurt Tucholsky and Carl von Ossietzky and banned by the National Socialists in 1933 . His ideas for the student essay were once again traced as helpful in a Swiss school magazine in 1980. Recently he has been counted among the “well-known representatives” of reform pedagogy. His view of “dictating as a style exercise” continues to be mentioned, while “practical teaching attempts” are also given “special importance” in more recent relevant specialist literature. Münch's practice-oriented educational publications from the 1920s are also said to have influenced the Freinet pedagogy developed by the French reform pedagogue Célestin Freinet (1896–1966) .

Honors

With explicit reference to Münch's story “The Gamsbart Cactus” from the volume Mein frohes Völkchen from 1931, the Department of Culture and Media Education at the Ludwigsburg University of Education wrote an annual award in 2017 called “The Golden Gamsbart Cactus” for “original student work” Courses designed to inspire “the courage to think for yourself”. The first award ceremony took place during the 10th anniversary celebration of the Department of Culture and Media Education on November 23, 2017 and, according to the official announcement, was the “highlight of the event”. In 2018 the prize was awarded again. When the student council made a “note” of reservations about the Gamsbartkaktus inventor's publication activities during the Nazi period, the department finally said at the beginning of 2019 that the price it had created was “a perfectly justified solution for the person of Münch and a purely cognitive acquisition of content is a necessary extension to include the sensual component, in line with cultural education. "

Fonts (selection)

• The way to Kinderland. Otto Janke-Verlag, Berlin 1908.
• All about the red inkwell. Essays on the student essay. Alfred Hahn, Leipzig 1908.
• Wendel the boy and the lad. A book about war, love and wanderlust Grethlein. Leipzig 1913.
• Migratory birds. Comedy in 3 acts. Institute for Performance Law, Berlin-Charlottenburg 1914.
• The Philosopher's Stone. Festival in one act. In: Die Arbeitsschule 28 (1914), pp. 280–285 ( online at Scripta Paedagogica Online ).
• Hindenburg's invasion of London. (" By a German poet "). Grethlein, Leipzig 1915 ( online at Internet Archive ).
• Heroes of duty. A war picture. In: Westermanns Monatshefte 118/2 (1915) p. 575.
• Hindenburg's March into London. Being a Translation from the German Original. Edited with a Preface by LG Redmond-Howard. John Long, London 1916, with a derisive dedication in front: Dedication. To the All Highest Kaiser Wilhelm, Emperor of Germany, who saved the British Empire from the Barbarian Invasion, described in this Book by one of his Countrymen, this Book is proudly dedicated. ( online at Internet Archive ), as well as The John C. Winston Company, Philadelphia 1916, with a foreword by the American editor Logan Marshall, in which it is stated that 4 million copies of the book have been sold in Germany, and the translation into English of the entire book British Empire would have called to arms. ( online at Hathi Trust ).
• New spring. A book by German wanderlust. Carl E. Klotz, Magdeburg 1919.
• The art of teaching children. An entertaining [!] Booklet about the work school. Verlag der Dürr'schen Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1921.
• Funny people. Stories from children and happy young people. Dürrsche bookstore, Leipzig 1922.
• With young people from all countries on Sylt. An educational and national psychological attempt. Dürrsche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1923.
• Joy is everything. Experiences and thoughts on a school inspection trip. Dürrsche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1922 (11th – 15th thousand)
• From my classroom. Report on a few weeks of happy teaching. Dürr, Leipzig 1930.
• Sun over Kinderland. The story of a young teacher at the turn of this time. Gutenberg Book Guild, Berlin 1933. - 2nd edition Gutenberg Book Guild, Berlin 1937.
• How I saw her again - encounters with my former students. Gutenberg Book Guild, Berlin 1933.
• From schoolmasters with beards and from cheerful teachers. In: Die deutsche Schule 41 (1937), pp. 286–290 ( online ).
• Frank Anders fur goods. A Leipzig merchant novel . (= Vol. 1 of the 22nd (general) annual series of the People's Association of Book Friends ). Wegweiser-Verlag, Berlin 1940.
• The stork book. Funny stories. J. Bohn & Sohn Verlag, Leipzig 1941. (on this: book studies of the Reich Office for the Promotion of German Literature 8 (1941), p. 183)
• Professor Kauz. Comedy in 3 acts. Strauch, Leipzig 1942.
• My rascals. The funniest of the happy books. Buchmeister Verlag, Berlin 1943.
• Happy ride through Kinderland. Thoughts and stories. Dürrsche Buchhandlung, Bonn 1949.
• The beautiful girl Renate. A little novel for more mature girls. Dürrsche Buchhandlung, Bonn approx. 1950.
• Lixer - the rascal. A happy story for young and old. Dürrsche Buchhandlung, Bonn 1952.
• So it's fun! Teaching and learning in today's school. A happy book - for parents too. 2nd edition Dürrsche Buchhandlung, Bonn 1954.

literature

• Art. Münch, Paul Georg. In: Lexicon of German poets and prose writers from the beginning of the 19th century to the present. Vol. 5th, 6th edition, edited by Franz Brümmer . Leipzig 1913, p. 80. ( online at Deutsches Textarchiv ).
• Art. Münch, Paul Georg. In: The big Brockhaus. Handbook of knowledge in twenty volumes. Vol. 13. 15., completely reworked. Ed. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1932, p. 30.
• Karl Unger: Paul Georg Münch 60 years old. In: New Paths. Journal of the Reichsfachschaft IV (elementary school) in NSLB Leipzig 48 (1937), pp. 118–120 ( online as PDF at DigiZeitschriften ).
• J. Bruno Dittrich: Paul Georg Münch in memory. In: mother tongue. Journal for the care and research of the German language 68 (1958), pp. 198–200.
• Art. Münch, Paul Georg. In: Kürschner's German Literature Calendar . Nekrolog 1936-1970. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1973, p. 467.
• Art. Münch, Paul Georg. In: German Literature Lexicon . Vol. 10. Francke, Bern 1986 ISBN 3-317-01539-X , Sp. 1582-1583.

Web links

• Literature by and about Paul Georg Münch in the catalog of the German National Library
• Works by and about Paul Georg Münch at Open Library

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Cf. Andreas Georg Müller: With Fritz Kocher in the modern school. Studies on Robert Walser's early work (= Basel Studies on German Language and Literature, Vol. 88). A. Francke Verlag, Tübingen / Basel 2007 ISBN 3-7720-8172-X , p. 68.
2. ↑ Cf. the review in: Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Pädagogik 17 (1910), p. 24 f.
3. ^ Supplement to the magazine for book lovers 5/1 (1913), p. 204.
4. ^ So the review by Kurt Arnold Findeisen in: Eckart. Ein deutsches Literaturblatt 8 (1913/14), pp. 484-486, p. 486.
5. ↑ Neue Hamburger Zeitung, vol. 19. No. 175 of April 16, 1914, p. (2) f. under Kleine Rundschau ( online at The European Library ). - At the premiere in February 1915 in Hamburg there was a theatrical scandal caused by representatives of the Wandervogel movement, who felt defamed by the plot of the play - which was panned by the theater critic: Altonaer Nachrichten. Volume 76, No. 65 of February 15, 1915, p. (4) under Theater and Music ( online at The European Library ).
6. ↑ Heroes of Duty (see under Writings ), p. 582. Westermanns Monatshefte 118 (1915), p. 575–582, p. 582.
7. ^ S. under writings .
8. ↑ Unger: Paul Georg Münch 60 years old (see under literature ), p. 119 ( online ): "On the" way to the children's area "," Arnd and Silene "and" Wendel the boy and the boy "walked (Leipzig 1913) towards the »New Spring«. »Hindenburg's invasion of London« intervened, but since 1933 the »Sun over Kinderland« has been laughing again "(in the original without emphasis).
9. ↑ Quoted from Dittrich: Paul Georg Münch zum Gedächtnis (see under literature ), p. 199 f. - Dittrich himself noted: “That he [di Münch] in 1916 [correct: 1915] published a political gloss [sic!] Under the title Hindenburg's invasion of London, but not under his name, but signed by a German poet not even known to the admirers among the teachers of that time and certainly not among today's teachers. "
10. ^ Hindenburg's March into London. Being a Translation from the German Original. Edited with a Preface by LG Redmond – Howard. John Long, London 1916, with a derisive dedication in front: Dedication. To the All Highest Kaiser Wilhelm, Emperor of Germany, who saved the British Empire from the Barbarian Invasion, described in this Book by one of his Countrymen, this Book is proudly dedicated ( online at Internet Archive ), and The John C. Winston Company , Philadelphia 1916, with a foreword by the American editor Logan Marshall, in which it is said that 4 million copies of the book had been sold in Germany, the translation of which into English would have called the whole British Empire to arms. ( online at Hathi Trust ).
11. ↑ Cordula Tollmien: "Our children are brought up in hatred of England." Two Dresden teachers against the decreed enemy propaganda. In: Dresden in the First World War. (= Dresdner Hefte . Contributions to cultural history 119). Dresden 2014, pp. 48–58, p. 50 ( online as PDF ).
12. ^ Hindenburgs Einmarsch (see under Writings ) p. 194 ( online ) and 201 ( online at Internet Archive ).
13. ^ Wilhelm Schreiner: The death of Ypres. The autumn battle in Flanders. Oranienverlag, Herborn 1917 ( online at the Berlin State Library ).
14. ↑ Illustrirte Zeitung 152 (1919), No. 3958 of May 18, 1919, p. 493 ( online at Internet Archive ).
15. ^ "The nonsense of" duty "." In: Neue Bahnen. Illustrated monthly for education and instruction 32 (1921), p. 389 f. ( online at Scripta paedagogica online ).
16. ↑ Unger: Paul Georg Münch 60 years old (see under literature ), p. 119 ( online ).
17. ↑ Swiss evening. In: Swiss Pedagogical Journal 33 (1923), pp. 225–229, p. 225 (introduction) or 229. doi : 10.5169 / seals-137523 .
18. ↑ See in the luxury bathroom . In: Salzburger Wacht. Organ for the entire working people in the state of Salzburg. Vol. 25, No. 188 of August 20, 1923, p. 2 (under daily news ) according to the Leipziger Volkszeitung ( online at ANNO ), where Münch u. a. describes a childhood beauty competition perceived as decadent as the “monkey market” with “two-legged monkeys”.
19. ↑ p. 108
20. ↑ See the mention of Münch in Radio op school. In: Leeuwarder nieuwsblad No. 6097 of November 3, 1928. ( online at Delpher ).
21. ↑ Radio Leipzig on June 21, 1930, 12: 30-12: 55h: adventure hour on the weekend. Fur, gold and amber make history. Paul Georg Münch, Leipzig, with students. In: Radio Vienna. Illustrated weekly of the Österreichische Radioverkehrs-AG Vol. 6, No. 37 of June 13, 1930, p. 61 ( online at ANNO ).
22. ^ During the Leipzig Battle of the Nations on October 18, 1813, at half past twelve. Show report from the tower of the old town hall (shorthand of a radio history lesson on October 18, 1930, half past midday). In: New Paths. Illustrated monthly books for education and training 42 (1931), pp. 19-25, under the heading Neue Praxis ( online at DigiZeitschriften ).
23. ↑ See Schweizerische Lehrerzeitung 76 (1931), p. 36, ( online at e-periodica ).
24. ^ S. under writings .
25. ↑ Calendar of German Work 1934. Ed. By Walter Schuhmann . Verlag der Deutschen Arbeitsfront, Berlin 1933, p. 196.
26. ^ Jürgen Dragowski: The history of the Gutenberg Book Guild in the Weimar Republic 1924–1933. (= Writings of the Fritz Hüser Institute for German and Foreign Workers 'Literature of the City of Dortmund, Series 2: Research on Workers' Literature, Vol. 8) Klartext-Verlag. Essen 1992 ISBN 978-3-88474-008-8 , p. 142. - To what extent the person of the new editor, formerly Marxist and social-democratic but now Nazi-oriented Max Barthel (1893-1975), played a role for Münch , needs further investigation.
27. ↑ Quoted from Der neue Mann der Schweizer Erziehungs-Rundschau. A duplicate. In: Schweizerische Lehrerzeitung 81 (1936), p. 107 f., P. 107).
28. ↑ So z. B. on October 2, 1932 in Rheinfelden-Möhlin : Solidarity. Organ of the Association of Trade, Transport and Food Workers in Switzerland 18 (1932), No. 39 of September 29, 1932, p. 4 ( online at e-newspaperarchives.ch ).
29. ^ Vandalized »Book Guild« . In: Solidarity. Organ of the Association of Trade, Transport and Food Workers in Switzerland 19 (1933), No. 37 of September 14, 1933, p. 2 ( online at e-newspaperarchives.ch ).
30. ↑ Quotation from Geschändete »Büchergilde« . In: Solidarity. Organ of the Association of Trade, Transport and Food Workers in Switzerland 19 (1933), No. 37 of September 14, 1933, p. 2 ( online at e-newspaperarchives.ch ).
31. ↑ Adolph Haller: school anecdotes. Experienced and listened to. In: Nebelspalter. Das Humor- und Satire-Magazin 89 (1963), p. 39 ( online at e-periodica.ch as PDF ).
32. ^ Paul Georg Münch: Strength through joy in essay lessons. In: New Railways Leipzig. Journal of the Reichsfachschaft IV (elementary school) in NSLB Leipzig 47 (1936), pp. 359–362, p. 360 ( online at Scripta paedagogica online (SPO) ).
33. ↑ Paul Georg Münch: From schoolmasters with beards and from cheerful educators. In: The German School. Journal of the Reichsfachschaft 4 (elementary school) of the National Socialist Teachers' Association 41 (1937), pp. 286–290, p. 286 ( online at Scripta paedagogica online (SPO) ).
34. ↑ Paul Georg Münch: From schoolmasters with beards and from cheerful educators. In: The German School. Journal of the Reichsfachschaft 4 (elementary school) of the National Socialist Teachers' Association 41 (1937), pp. 286–290, p. 290 ( online at Scripta paedagogica online (SPO) ).
35. ↑ From schoolmasters with beards and from cheerful educators. In: Die deutsche Schule 41 (1937), pp. 286-290, p. 289 ( online at Scripta paedagogica online (SPO) ).
36. ↑ bang = bang / window pane. In: »Happy creation«. The youth yearbook of Greater Germany. Vol. 15. German publishing house for youth and world. Vienna / Leipzig 1938, pp. 279–280, p. 280. - On the volume cf. Murray G. Hall: The German publishing house for youth and people 1938-1945. In: literature - politics - criticism. Contributions to Austrian literature of the 20th century. Edited by Harald Jele and Elmar Lenhart. Wallstein. Göttingen 2014 ISBN 978-3-8353-1564-8 , pp. 56–76, p. 68.
37. ^ Dietrich Strothmann: National Socialist Literary Policy. A contribution to journalism in the Third Reich. Bonn 1960, p. 345.
38. ^ Directory of the literature to be discarded. For official use only! Edited by the Department for Popular Education in the City of Berlin's Magistrate with the advisory assistance of the Chamber of Artists and the Cultural Association for the Democratic Renewal of Germany. Berlin 1946.
39. ↑ Cf. Angela Hammer: Separation of National Socialist Literature in East German Libraries after the Second World War using the example of the university library of the Humboldt University in Berlin. In: Bibliothek, Forschung und Praxis 37/3 (2013), pp. 331–346.
40. ↑ www.polunbi.de , online transcription
41. ^ Directory of the literature to be discarded. For official use only! Edited by the Department for Popular Education in the City of Berlin's Magistrate with the advisory assistance of the Chamber of Artists and the Cultural Association for the Democratic Renewal of Germany. Berlin 1946.
42. ^ List of literature to be discarded. Preliminary edition as of April 1, 1946. Published by the German Administration for Popular Education in the Soviet Zone of Occupation. Zentralverlag. Berlin 1946.
43. ^ List of literature to be discarded. First addendum as of January 1, 1947. Published by the German Administration for Popular Education in the Soviet Zone of Occupation. Zentralverlag. Berlin 1947.
44. ^ List of literature to be discarded. Second supplement based on the status of September 1, 1948. Published by the German Administration for Popular Education in the Soviet Zone of Occupation. Zentralverlag, Berlin 1948.
45. ^ List of literature to be discarded. Third supplement based on the status of April 1, 1952. Edited by the Ministry for National Education of the German Democratic Republic. VEB Deutscher Zentralverlag, Berlin 1953.
46. ↑ This may be inferred from a letter from 1955 to a friend in Austria, to whom he wrote: “How gladly I sent you a book from my pen, but only that which appeared after 1945 may be exported in our zone , and I can't serve there. ”( online at Wayback Machine ).
47. ↑ S. under "Fonts". - An investigation of the degree to which these publications are dependent on earlier publications is not yet available. Cf. “The author himself confesses that he stole it from his seven books published by the same publisher, because the Second World War burned them or threw them in the garbage.” Schweizerische Lehrerinnenzeitung 55 (1950/51), p. 93.
48. ^ Die Deutsche Schule 31 (1927) p. 184 (under Personal ) ( online as PDF at DigiZeitschriften ).
49. ↑ “Leipzig also does a lot in the progressive field. I name the teacher Paul Georg Münch, who teaches in Connewitz, on Waisenhausstrasse, and is happy to have visitors, ”says Hans Reimann : Leipzig. In: Die Weltbühne 27/1 (1931), pp. 213-217, p. 215 ( online at Internet Archive ).
50. ↑ Stefan Hegglin: Essay - a basis for improvisation. In: Swiss School. Journal for Christian Education 67 (1980), pp. 641–643. doi : 10.5169 / seals-535126 .
51. ↑ Michael Hohm: On the connection between language awareness, reading skills and text comprehension. Historical, didactic and teaching practice aspects of the problem. Diss. Würzburg 2005, p. 20 ( online as PDF at OPUS Würzburg ).
52. ↑ Daniela Merklinger: Early Approaches to Writing. An Exploratory Study of Dictation. (= Cologne contributions to language didactics series B). Second publication of the dissertation of the same name from 2011, p. 59 ( online as PDF at the Research Center for Language Development and Language Didactics of the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Cologne ).
53. ↑ Holger Rudloff: Production Aesthetics and Production Didactics. Art theoretical prerequisites for literary production. Wiesbaden 1991 ISBN 978-3-663-11154-2 , p. 217 ( online preview at Google Books ).
54. ↑ Pierre CLANCHE: Anthropologie de l'écriture et pédagogie Freinet. Presses Universitaires, Caen 2009 ISBN 978-2-84133-351-6 , p. 18 f. ( online at openedition.org )
55. ↑ [1] Department of Culture and Media Education
56. ↑ Online at Wayback Machine .
57. ↑ Anja Hartung-Griemberg and Thomas Wilke: multum, non multa! The master's degree in "Cultural Education" at the PH Ludwigsburg. In: Ludwigsburg contributions to media education. Online magazine of the Interdisciplinary Center for Media Education and Media Research at the PH Ludwigsburg 19 (2017), p. 5 ( online as PDF). See also Anja Hartung-Griemberg: Gamsbartkakteen. About educational imagination and political education. In: Media - Education - Society. The political person in media education. Edited by the Institute for Media Education in Research and Practice (= Interdisciplinary Discourses Vol. 9). Munich 2017 ISBN 978-3-86736-382-2 , pp. 53-68.
58. ↑ November 25, 2017: A successful birthday party - KuMeBi says thank you!
59. ↑ On the person of "Paul Georg Münch" at www.ph-ludwigsburg.de (accessed on January 17, 2019).