Pfalz Allstedt

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Allstedt Castle and Palace from the west
Outer bailey from the south
Courtyard of the outer bailey

The Palatinate Allstedt was a royal palace of the Ottonians in the area of ​​today's city Allstedt in the district of Mansfeld-Südharz in the southwest of Saxony-Anhalt .

From this a diverse high and late medieval castle emerged, which was partially rebuilt like a castle in the baroque period . Allstedt Castle now houses a museum on the history of the Palatinate, castle, castle and town of Allstedt as well as a castle café. The facility is a station on the Romanesque Road . The outer bailey has been in private hands since 2018 and is gradually being renovated, inhabited and managed, including a beer garden in summer and events in the year. A small family-run hotel is planned and in the process of being implemented, along with a restaurant, a publishing house and the agency, as well as a printing company.

location

Allstedt is about 12 km southeast of Sangerhausen . The castle stands about 800 m northeast of the old town on a spur protruding to the west from the plateau. It is divided into three parts one behind the other by the remains of trenches and groups of buildings. On the field to the east there is a wide depression, which is regarded as the remainder of a neck ditch .

During archaeological excavations on the Schlossberg in the 1960s by the State Museum for Prehistory in Halle under the direction of Bertold Schmidt, the upper part of a 12 m wide trench was cut that separates the Schlossberg from the plateau. Due to its assumed shape as a pointed moat , it is said to have been built in the Ottonian period at the latest. Therefore, the royal palace is localized at the site of the castle, while in the eastern part of the current location, an economic yard is assumed.

History and building history

The beginnings in the Carolingian era

The place Allstedt was first mentioned for the year 777 in the Breviarium Sancti Lulli . The castle is mentioned as urbs Altstediburg for the first time in the Hersfeld tithe directory that was created between 880 and 899 . The list includes several castles and a large number of settlements in Friesenfeld and Hassegau , including Alstedi , the tithe of which is paid to the Hersfeld monastery .

Castle and farmyard under Ottonian rule

In the 10th century, the imperial property came to the new ruling family of the Ottonians , who also owned numerous property in the area between the Harz, Saale and Unstrut. On October 12, 935, King Heinrich I issued a certificate in Altstéti in which he granted the women of Herford Abbey the right to vote.

Before or at the beginning of 979, Emperor Otto II and his wife Theophanu had donated the Benedictine monastery Memleben on the Unstrut, about 20 kilometers south of Allstedt. On May 20, 979, Otto had a certificate issued in Altstedi in which he signed over to the monastery the chapels in Allstedt, Osterhausen and Riestedt that had previously belonged to the Hersfeld monastery and had been acquired by him in exchange . In addition, Memleben received the tithe in Friesenfeld and Hassegau , especially the castles there, among which the Alstediburch is mentioned first.

Palatinate and imperial estate around Allstedt, which also included a royal forest, were administered by the bailiffs of Allstedt from around 1150 .

Palatine County of Saxony

West view with fortifications
Courtyard and museum
Inner courtyard
Coat of arms of the Palatinate Allstedt

In 1363, a palatinate county of Saxony-Allstedt was first mentioned. According to the investigations by Erich Heinze , Emperor Karl IV reorganized it between 1348 and 1356 in connection with the award of the title of Count Palatine to Duke Rudolf I of Saxony (-Wittenberg) .

In addition to Allstedt, the villages of Mönchpfiffel , Niederröblingen , Einzingen , Klosternaundorf , Winkel, Wolferstedt and Mittelhausen as well as the monastery Sittichenbach with Groß- and Klein-Osterhausen and Rothenschirmbach belonged to the Palatine County of Saxony-Allstedt .

The oldest surviving structure dates from the middle of the 13th century. The oldest visible part of the castle, the residential tower to the right of the entrance, dates from around 1400.

The noble lords of Querfurt, to whom the castle belonged from 1369 to 1496, had the old Allstedt Castle demolished and several structural changes carried out, including the north wing, the west wing with the hall, kitchen and large courtyard, the shield wall in the south and the shield wall in the east Build gate system. This was the approximate size of today's castle.

Today's buildings, including the east wing, were essentially built under the Ernestine rule of Elector Friedrich the Elder. Wise men erected from 1496 (until 1526).

In 1526 the Allstedt office was pledged by the Wettins to Count Albrecht von Mansfeld . In 1533, Count Albrecht had extensive construction work and repairs carried out on the castle and the outer works. In 1542 he left the office to the Count of Stolberg as a pledge due to high debts . Count Wolfgang zu Stolberg stayed in Allstedt for a long time and died here. It was not until 1575 that the Counts of Stolberg lost their claims to the Allstedt office to the Ernestine Wettins.

In 1691, under the Dukes of Saxony, there was another structural change to the upper floor, and the remaining parts of the core castle were converted into a residential palace. In 1721 the castle chapel was built in its present form.

Ernst August I of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach had the front castle built in the Baroque style in 1746/1747. But he could no longer implement his plans († 1748). The reconstruction of the front castle was only implemented in a simple form, and the core castle was retained in its original form.

In the course of the renovation work, Reinhard Schmitt was able to carry out structural historical investigations between 1986 and 1991 .

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the Pfalzgrafschaft Sachsen-Allstedt: In the blue shield a golden eagle - crowned because of the imperial vicariate . On the crowned helmet is a golden eagle with outspread wings and a golden ring in its beak.

The outer bailey

Ritterstube Vorburg (2015) Hall of Mirrors Vorburg (2015)
Ritterstube Vorburg (2015)
Hall of Mirrors Vorburg (2015)

The end of 2017 the city council sold by Allstedt for € 79,000 the front of the castle and palace complex, known as bailey , with the buildings Südschloss (east and west wings surrounded by the gate tower), parts of the moat in front of the east wing, and two cavalier houses and adjoining stables at a private investor. Since then, the facility has been privately managed and is home to a marketing agency and a publishing house. In further steps the outer bailey will be expanded with a small hotel and gastronomic facility (opening of a beer garden in 2019). A collaboration with the city administration and the museum in the core of the complex has been promoting the development since 2019, including through various events.

Castle Promotion and Lighting Association Allstedt e. V.

The Allstedt Castle has been illuminated every evening since 1993 by the Allstedt e. V. With their contributions and donations, which are passed on to the city of Allstedt as the sponsor of the castle, around 90 culturally committed members ensure that the electricity costs incurred and smaller monument conservation measures can be funded. The association owes its spotlights and installation material to a generous donation from the Rotary Club Osnabrück-Süd. Ten energy-efficient spotlights with reddish warm light and a total power consumption of approximately 2.0 kW effectively set the castle and palace complex in the limelight when it gets dark. There are partnerships with the first castle lighting association in Germany in Bad Iburg .

literature

  • Allstedt (A), Sangerhausen district, Halle district . In: Michael Gockel: The German royal palaces. Repertory of the Palatinate, royal courts and other places of residence of kings in the German Empire in the Middle Ages. Vol. 2. Thuringia . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1984-2000, ISBN 3-525-36515-2 , pp. 1-38.
  • Sven Frotscher, Rainer Böge: Allstedt Castle and Palace . In: The five unequal . Merseburg 2001, pp. 4-11.
  • Erich Heinze: The development of the Pfalzgrafschaft Saxony up to the 14th century . In: Saxony and Anhalt 1, 1925, pp. 20–63.
  • August Nebe : History of the castle and the city of Allstedt , in: Zeitschrift des Harzverein für Geschichte und Alterthumskunde, Vol. XX, 1887, pp. 18–96 ( digitized version ).
  • Reinhard Rüger, Reinhard Schmitt : Allstedt Castle. Building history and monument preservation. Allstedt 1989.
  • Reinhard Rüger, Reinhard Schmitt: Allstedt Castle. Preservation of monuments and building research. in: built past today. Reports from the preservation of monuments . Verlag für Bauwesen, Munich 1993, pp. 89–120
  • Joachim Säckl: Allstedt Castle. Princely mediation between claim and reality. In: Baroque princely residences on the Saale, Unstrut and Elster. Imhof-Verlag, Petersberg 2007, ISBN 3-86568-218-9 , pp. 358-3365.
  • Reinhard Schmitt: Building archaeological research in Allstedt Castle . In: Annual journal of the land monument conservationists of the district of Sangerhausen . No. 12, 1989, pp. 4-8.

Web links

Commons : Burg und Schloss Allstedt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. UB Hersfeld I 1 No. 37.
  2. MGH DD HI 41. Digital copy : http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00000442/images/index.html?id=00000442&seite=97 .
  3. MGH DD Otto II. 191. Digital copy: http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00000443/images/index.html?id=00000443&seite=220 .
  4. ... Allstedt das hauß and the pfallentz zu Sachsen ... the aforementioned hauß Alstete with the pfallentz von Sachsen doselbst ...; Charles IV's certificate of August 15, 1363. Quotations from Heinze 1925, p. 56, notes 120–121.
  5. Michael Gockel (2001, p. 4) reports this view of Heinzes, but not without remarking: "The question requires renewed investigation."
  6. ^ UB Mansfeld 146, 148
  7. Grit Pommer: Burg and Schloss Allstedt: City sells Vorburg for 79,000 euros to private investors. December 12, 2017, accessed on April 14, 2020 (German).
  8. ^ The outer bailey at Burg & Schloss Allstedt | Mansfeld-Südharz | Saxony-Anhalt. Accessed April 14, 2020 (German).
  9. ^ Allstedt Castle and Palace - Friends' Association. Retrieved April 14, 2020 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 24 ′ 29.6 ″  N , 11 ° 24 ′ 3.8 ″  E