Parish church Thörl-Maglern
The Roman Catholic parish church Thörl-Maglern stands in an open field near the town of Thörl-Maglern in the Arnoldstein community in Carinthia and is consecrated to St. Andrew . A chapel in Thörl-Maglern was first mentioned in 1169. It belonged first to the parish of St. Johann, then to the parish of Göriach in Gailtal. The current church was consecrated in 1489. In 1787 Thörl-Maglern was raised to an independent parish. The church owes its art-historical importance to its frescoes , which are among the main works of Thomas von Villach .
Building description
The nave and the tower were built in 1503 by Christian von Malborghet. The late Gothic nave with partly Romanesque wall core has two-part lancet windows with original tracery . The tower, crowned with a pointed gable helmet, rises above the western double yoke of the nave and has slits in the wall, pointed arch sound windows and round windows in the gables. A bell was cast in 1478. The choir is supported by double-stepped buttresses . Of the four two-part lancet windows with tracery, the three have fish bubbles at the end of the choir . The sacristy connects to the north of the nave and choir . The large vestibule with arched openings from more recent times is the same width as the nave. The pointed arched south portal is walled up. Late Gothic holy water kettles are set up on both sides of the late Gothic, pointed arched west portal.
The net rib vault over fluted wall pillars with a round template in the nave is divided into two double yokes by a drawn-down beveled pointed arch . In the western yoke is the baroque wooden gallery with a neo-Gothic organ. A retracted, ogival beveled triumphal arch connects the nave with the one-bay choir with a five-eighth end . The parts of the wall adjoining the triumphal arch to the east come from a semicircular Romanesque apse . In the choir, a ribbed vault rises above semicircular templates that end in grim head consoles in the lower third of the wall . In the north wall of the choir there is a sacrament niche with an original grid, which is crowned by a keel arch with a finial and lateral pinnacles .
Window with fish-bubble tracery in the choir
Ribbed vault in the choir with frescoes by Thomas von Villach
Head console in the choir
Frescoes
The frescoes were uncovered in 1886/89 and restored in 1939/40. It is believed that Thomas von Villach painted the Living Cross 1470–1475 1475, the Last Judgment and the wall of the sacraments before 1482 and the vault around 1489. The client and intellectual designer could have been Thomas Steyerberger, the 16th abbot of Arnoldstein Abbey .
A living cross is depicted in the western yoke of the north wall of the choir. Four arms extend from the ends of the cross. The lower one breaks open the gates of hell with a hammer, behind which Christ penetrates into limbo . On the left under the cross is the battle of angels against the forces of evil and in the corner the three Christian virtues . The arm on the left cross bar crowns the head of Ecclesia , who holds a church model and the resurrection flag and is carried by a tetramorph . To the left of it, Mary picks a fruit from the tree of life and hands the host to a group of people led by the Pope . The arm on the right cross bar pierces the figure of the synagogue riding a donkey with a sword . The synagogues are blindfolded, their crown falls to the ground and their flag breaks. To the right of this, Eva is handed the temptation apple from the snake and in turn hands three desperate people a skull. The top arm opens the gate of heaven with a key. The Archangel Michael stands above the gate with sword and soul scales. At the top, God the Father is enthroned in a circular glory. The rest of the picture area is filled by the nine choirs of angels arranged one above the other in picture strips . The living cross is framed with a cycle of passion . The bottom row shows: the entry into Jerusalem , the expulsion of the changers, the washing of the feet , the prayer in the garden of Gethsemane , the imprisonment and the mockery; in the row above: Christ before Caiaphas , Christ before Pilate , the flagellation, the crowning of thorns , Ecce homo , the hand washing of Pilate; above on both sides of the cross: the carrying of the cross, the burial, the resurrection, Christ and the unbelieving Thomas , the ascension of Christ and the event of Pentecost .
The Living Cross is also known as the Merciless Cross, with the following reason: The lonely parish church between the districts is supposed to take the place of a Jewish village, a node of the Jewish long-distance trade network since at least 876, which at the behest of the bishops of Bamberg (which was owned by Jewish financiers in Villach were in debt) was probably destroyed around 1390, as a result of the wave of pogroms that was tolerated by Emperor Charles IV from 1349 and triggered. The parish church and the Merciless Cross were supposed to convince the population that the Jewish village was rightfully destroyed.
In the eastern yoke of the north wall of the choir, the sacrament niche is elevated by illusionist painting as a sacrament house in the form of a two-storey tower structure. On the lower floor, Christ is depicted with an ear of wheat and a vine flanked by Mary and John , and on the upper floor the Last Supper . On the side at the top the Annunciation can be seen, including Old Testament models of the Eucharist : Abraham and Melchizedech , the sacrifice of Isaac , the Manalese , the miracle of the spring of Moses , the feeding of Elijah , and Daniel in the den of lions. The representations in the lowest zone, a protective mantle Madonna with donor and coat of arms, and the Gregory mass are almost completely destroyed.
The triumphal arch shows the Last Judgment with Christ in the mandorla and a naked Pope with the damned. In the vaulted areas of the west yoke, a church father , an evangelist symbol and a symbol of an element are depicted. In the end of the choir window, Mary with the child and Veronica with the handkerchief are shown surrounded by angels making music.
In the nave in the spandrels of the eastern double yoke there are eight three passes with busts of saints and in between full-length Saints Wolfgang and Andreas painted.
Facility
The high altar from 1613 with a column retable has a new attachment. The central niche contains the statue of the Apostle Andrew and two late Gothic chandelier angels. The figures of an abbot and an abbess are placed on the side. The relief of the Coronation of Mary in the essay was added in 1969. On the back of the altar is the handkerchief of St. Veronica from 1613. The tabernacle dates from the 18th century.
The left side altar from 1648 bears a statue of the Virgin Mary with a child and in the top a female saint, who was probably originally a Mary from a crucifixion group . The two figures of saints on the organ parapet were originally placed on this altar.
The altar panel of the right side altar shows a strongly renewed baptism of Christ . The young figure was probably part of a crucifixion group as Johannes.
The Madonna of the Rosary in front of the triumphal arch was carved in the 17th century by Hans Finkhl and 1655/56 by Piero Asuardo taken .
literature
- Dehio manual. The art monuments of Austria. Carinthia . Anton Schroll, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-7031-0712-X , p. 949 ff.
- Gottfried Biedermann, Karin Leitner: Gothic in Carinthia - With photos by Wim van der Kallen. Carinthia Verlag, Klagenfurt 2001, ISBN 3-85378-521-2 , p. 176 ff.
Individual proof
- ↑ The merciless cross . In: Rosemarie Schauder, Rudolf Hirsch: The yellow spot. Roots and effects of hatred of Jews in German history . Verlag Rütten and Loening, Berlin 1987, pp. 203-213. ISBN 3-352-00344-0
Web links
Coordinates: 46 ° 32 ′ 22.9 ″ N , 13 ° 39 ′ 10.5 ″ E