Pinot gris

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Pinot gris
Synonyms Pinot gris, Pinot grigio, Ruländer - for more see the Synonyms section
Pinot gris
Art Grape vine ( Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera )
Berry color reddish, gray
use
origin France
known since 1375
VIVC no. 9275
ancestry

Mutation of
Pinot Noir

List of grape varieties
Pinot Gris

Pinot gris (French) is a white wine - grape . Ruländer is the name under which the grape variety is classified in Germany, Grauer Burgunder and Grauburgunder are permissible synonyms for German wines of this variety. Although the berry skin is reddish to red and gray in color, it is assigned to the white wine varieties. Since the 1980s, the grape variety has also gained great fame and popularity in Germany under its Italian name Pinot grigio .

origin

The variety was probably brought to Germany from Burgundy or Champagne . Charles IV . brought the variety to Hungary (Lake Balaton) in 1375 . In 1568 it was brought from Lake Balaton to Alsace and the Kaiserstuhl by Lazarus von Schwendi . Independently of this, Johann Seeger Ruland found it in 1711 in an overgrown vineyard belonging to assessor Seuffert in Streifergasse in Speyer and distributed it. Many winemakers such as Jakob Weidle recognized its advantages and continued to cultivate the vines, which led to the variety's rapid spread.

The vine was brought to Austria by Cistercian monks from Burgundy in the 13th or 14th century. This is where the synonym gray monk comes from. The variety is most widespread in Austria in northern Burgenland .

ancestry

Pinot gris is a mutation of Pinot noir from the Burgundy family in France.

Ampelographic varietal characteristics

  • The shoot tip is open. It is very hairy whitish light green. The young leaves are initially hairy cobwebs to be almost hairless afterwards.
  • The medium-sized, dark green leaves are roundish, mostly wholly or slightly three-lobed, but rarely five-lobed, slightly indicated. The stem bay is open in a V-shape. The blade is bluntly serrated. The teeth are medium-sized compared to the grape varieties. The leaf surface is blistered and coarse.
  • The cylindrical grape is rarely shouldered, medium-sized and has dense berries. The round to oval berries are medium-sized and reddish to red in color; fully ripe grapes often appear gray. The skin of the berry is thin to medium thick.

Ripeness: The Pinot Gris sprouts medium early and is therefore sensitive to possible late spring frosts. However, if the wood is well ripened, it is characterized by good winter frost resistance.

Wine

A bottle 'Ruländer' ( Dessert wine ) from Romania

The 'Pinot Gris' delivers low-acid , but full-bodied and extract-rich white wines with a generally rather high alcohol content.

The wines made from the Pinot Gris usually have a strong golden yellow color, with very good qualities one can sometimes also perceive light brown tones. The pinot gris has a light apple tone and is nice and fresh. You can drink it as an aperitif or with fish dishes.

In Baden and the Palatinate, two styles for the development of this grape variety have established themselves. The traditional expansion from very ripe and sometimes noble rot grapes (by the fungus Botrytis cinerea ) leads to the "Ruländer", a heavy, sweet wine with a botrytis tone. Since the mid-1990s, a new style for these growing areas began to displace the traditional Ruländer. Here the grapes are harvested earlier and only healthy grapes are used. The result is a wine with more acidity and less sweetness with an elegant taste, which is well suited as a meal companion. This new style is now generally referred to in Germany as "Grauburgunder".

The grape variety is also very suitable for making rosé wines from it, which requires longer maceration times. This wine is quite popular in Veneto and is called Ramato there .

distribution

  • Cultivation area in Germany (as of 2018): 6,400 ha
  • Cultivation area in Australia (as of 2008): 2,836 ha
  • Cultivation area in France (as of 2007): 2,582 ha
  • Area under cultivation in New Zealand (as of 2007): In 2008, the area under vines was still growing at 1,383 hectares. In 2007 the area under vines was 1,146 hectares.
  • Area under cultivation in Austria: 214 ha (0.72% of the area under vines, 2009).
  • Cultivation area in Switzerland: approx. 214 hectares (status 2007, source: Office fédéral de l'agriculture OFAG)

The area covered with trees worldwide is 43,687 hectares.

The vineyards in Germany are distributed among the individual growing areas in 2015 as follows:

Growing area Area [ha]
Germany 6,400
Rhineland-Palatinate 3,276
Rheinhessen
 1,495
Palatinate
 1,375
Near
 277
Moselle
 109
Middle Rhine
 15th
Ahr
 4th
Baden-Württemberg 2,095
to bathe
 1,940
Württemberg
 155
Hesse 68
Hessian mountain road
 45
Rheingau
 24
Bavaria 68
Francs
 66
Saxony 47
Saxony-Anhalt / Thuringia
Saale-Unstrut
 45

properties

It is a rather difficult grape variety in terms of viticulture. The thin-skinned berries require very sensitive processing, as damage to the peel releases their juice too early. They also react strongly to climatic fluctuations (heat / cold). In cool wine-growing areas, only winegrowers who have good south-facing slopes with fertile, warm and sufficiently calcareous soils should think about planting this variety. It is susceptible to powdery mildew and downy mildew . It also tends to chlorosis , raw rot and virus attack.

Synonyms

It is known as “ Pinot Gris ” in Germany and Austria , as Pinot gris it is widespread in France , Australia and Luxembourg , in Italy as Pinot grigio, in Valais as Malvoisie , in Alsace earlier as Tokay . Since a lawsuit brought by the winemakers of the Hungarian wine-growing region Tokaj-Hegyalja , the synonym names Tokay or Tokay d'Alsace may no longer be used under current EU law. In champagne , Pinot Gris is still permitted as a traditional grape, usually called Fromenteau , but it is very rare. The champagne house Aubry in Jouy-les-Reims produces another cuvée Le Nombre dOr from 6 grape varieties, u. a. Pinot Gris vrai. With "Les 7", Laherte created a cuvée from all 7 approved types of champagne. Fromenteau has replanted the Drappier champagne house in Urville .

A total of 227 synonyms are known at the Geilweilerhof Institute for Vine Breeding : Affume, Anche Cendree, Arnaison Gris, Arnoison Gris, Aserat, Auvergnas Gris, Auvergne Gris, Auvernas Gris, Auvernat Gris, Auvernet, Auxerrat, Auxerrois Gris, Auxoi, Auxois, Auzero Baratszinszoeloe, Bayonner, Beurot, Biliboner, Blauer Riesling, Blauer Traminer, Borgogna Grigio, Boz Pino, Brombesta, Bread, Bureau, Burgundac Sivi, Burgunder, Burgunder Grauer, Burgunder Roter, Burgundi Szuerke, Burgundske Sede, Burgundske Sive, Burot, Casperive, Champagne, Claevner Roth, Cordelier Gris, Cordonnier Gris, Crvena Klevanjka, Druher, Drusen, Drusent, Druser, Edelclaevner, Edelklevner, Enfume, Enfume Griset, Sloth grape, Fauvet, Friset, Fromenteau, Fromenteau Gris, Fromentot, Grau Clevner, Grau Malvasir Pinot Gris, Gray Clevner, Gray Burgundy, Gray Savoyard Grape, Gray Burgundy, Grauer Claevner, Grauer Clevner, Grauer Klevner, Grauer Moench, Grauer Riesling, Grauer Rulaender, Grauer Tokayer, Grauklaebe r, Grauklaevner, Grauklevner, Gris Commun, Gris Cordelier, Gris de Dornot, Griset, Hamsas Szollo, Hamuszoeloe, Hamvas Szoeloe, Kapuziner Kutten, Kapuzinerkutten, Klebroth, Kleiner Traminer, Kleingrau, Klevanjka, Klevanjka Crvena, Klevner Red, Malvasier Grau, Malvoisie, Malvoisien, Mauseri, Mauserl, Mausfarben, Moench Grau, Molvoisie Valais, Moreote Gris, Moreote Gris Rouge, Murys, Murysak, Muscade, Muscadet, Musler, Noirin Gris, Ouche Cendree, Overnya Gri, Petit Gris, Pineau Cendre , Pineau Cendree, Pineau Gris, Pineau Rose, Pino Cernyi, Pino Gree, Pino Gray, Pino Gri, Pino Qri, Pino Servj, Pino Seryi, Pinor Gri, Pinot, Pinot Beurot, Pinot Buerot, Pinot Burot, Pinot Cendre, Pinot Franc Gris, Pinot Griccio, Pinot Griggio, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Seryi, Pinot Sivi, Piros Kisburgundi, Pirosburgundi, Pyzhik, Rajik, Rauchler, Raulaender, Raulander, Rebfahl, Rehfahl, Rehfal, Reilander, Rhine grape, Rheingau, Rhine gray, Rhine grape Gray, Rijick, Rijik, Rohlander, Roland he, Rollander, Roloender, Ronci Sedive, Roter Burgunder, Roter Clevner, Roter Clewner, Roter Klaevner, Roter Klevner, Rothe Savoyertaube, Rothe Savoyertraub, Rother Claevner, Rother Clevner, Rother Drusen, Rother Klaevener, Rother Klaevner, Rother Klevner, Rother Rulander , Rothfraenkisch, Rouci Sedive, Ruhlaender, Ruhlandi, Rulaender, Rulaender Sivi, Ruland, Rulanda, Rulandac Sivi, Rulandec, Rulander, Rulander Grauer, Rulander Gray, Rulander Grigio, Rulandske, Rulandske Sede, Rulendac, Ryik, Rulendac Sulender , Ryzik, Sarfeher Szoeloe, Sarfejerszoeloe, Schieler, Sivi Pinot, Skuerkebarat, Speierer, Speirer, Speyeren, Speyerer, Speyrer, Spinavy Hrozen, Spinovy ​​Hrozen, Stahler, Strahler, Syurke Barat, Szuerke Burgundi, Szuerke, Szuerke, Kisburg Szuerkebarat, Szurkebarat, Tockay Gris, Tockayer, Tokai, Tokai Gris, Tokay, Tokay d'Alsace, Tokay de Alsace, Tokay di Alsace, Tokayer, Tokayer Grauer, Tromenteau Gris, Valais, Viliboner, Villiboner, Vinum Bonum, Wiliboner, Zeleznak .

Web links

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Grauer Burgunder: The Ruländer has reached a new format. German Wine Institute, accessed on June 3, 2015 .
  2. ↑ Hans Ambrosi , Bernd HE Hill, Erika Maul, first H. Rühl, Joachim Schmid, Fritz Schuhmann: color atlas grape varieties. 3. Edition. Eugen Ulmer, 2011, ISBN 978-3-8001-5957-4 .
  3. ↑ Michael Hornickel: Pinot Grigio delle Venezie. The gray one is growing. In: Meiningers Weinwelt , ISSN  2194-6930 , issue 2/2019, page 82
  4. ↑ No gray mouse: the grape variety Grauburgunder weinfreunde.de, from June 12, 2018
  5. ↑ Areas of vines and grape production by variety - 2007-08. In: Annual Report 2008–2009. Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation, 2009, p. 89 , accessed November 25, 2014 .
  6. ↑ Les Cepages noirs dans le Vignoble (PDF) ( Memento from January 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), statistics on red grape varieties per greater region, part 1, publication by the Office National Interprofessionnel des Fruits, des Legumes, des Vins et de l'Horticulture - ONIVINS for short, as of 2008
  7. ↑ Les Cepages noirs dans le Vignoble (PDF) ( Memento of March 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), statistics on red grape varieties per Greater Region, Part 2, publication by the Office National Interprofessionnel des Fruits, des Legumes, des Vins et de l'Horticulture - ONIVINS for short, as of 2008
  8. ↑ New Zealand Winegrowers Statistical annual 2008 ( Memento from May 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 3.12 MB; English)
  9. ↑ New Zealand Winegrowers Statistical annual 2007 ( Memento of October 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 375 kB; English)
  10. ↑ The 2008 Wine Year (PDF) ( Memento of March 24, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), published by Office fédéral de l'agriculture OFAG
  11. ↑ K. Anderson, NR Aryal: Database of Regional, National and Global Winegrape Bearing Areas by Variety, 2000 and 2010 , Wine Economics Research Center, University of Adelaide, December 2013 (first revision April 2014) (second revision May 2014) (third revision July 2014).
  12. ↑ State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate (2014): Statistical Reports - Planted Vineyards 2014. Bad Ems, CI - j / 14, reference number: C1073 201400, ISSN  1430-5070 .
  13. ↑ Laherte: "Les 7" ( Memento from November 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ↑ See Neumann, N. (2013): The forgotten grape varieties of Champagne - tasting at the VinoCamp 2013. ( Memento from November 4, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (Noblewine) p. 1ff. On Duval-Leroy especially p. 5. (Location: Hochschule Geisenheim, June 29-30, 2013; PDF; 614 kB) or in summary budis foodblog (M. Budai) (2013): The forgotten grape varieties of Champagne - Vinocamp 2013.
  15. ↑ Pinot gris in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English), accessed on August 23, 2020