Pornóapáti
| Pornóapáti | |||||
|
|||||
| Basic data | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State : | Hungary | ||||
| Region : | Western Transdanubia | ||||
| County : | Vas | ||||
| Small area until December 31, 2012 : | Szombathely | ||||
| District since 1.1.2013 : | Szombathely | ||||
| Coordinates : | 47 ° 9 ' N , 16 ° 28' E | ||||
| Area : | 15.14 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 410 (Jan. 1, 2011) | ||||
| Population density : | 27 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+36) 94 | ||||
| Postal code : | 9796 | ||||
| KSH kódja: | 20367 | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2020) | |||||
| Community type : | local community | ||||
| Mayoress : | Orsolya Kovácsné Fülöp (independent) | ||||
| Postal address : | Körmendi u. 27 9796 Pornóapáti |
||||
| Website : | |||||
| (Source: A Magyar Köztársaság helységnévkönyve 2011. január 1st at Központi statisztikai hivatal ) | |||||
Pornóapáti (until 1899 Pornó, German Pernau, Croatian Pornova) is a municipality in Vas County , in the Szombathely district (Steinamanger), right on the border with Austria. It is located on the Pinka River .
history
There were already several villas in the municipality in Roman times. This is attested by Roman grave stones from the 4th century with Latin inscriptions found in the area of the municipality. A settlement called Pornó was first mentioned in 1221. The Pernau Monastery was founded in 1221 by a Nador István (Stefan), the son of Chepan, from the noble family of Ják . In 1457 the patron of this abbey was a certain Bertold Ellerbach; after his family died out, it was Bakócz Tamás. After his death, the abbey came into the possession of his heirs, the Erdődy family . In the course of the siege of Kőszeg (Güns) by the Turks in the 16th century, the place and the monastery were completely devastated, but the monastery was later rebuilt. The abbey was turned into a fortress against the oncoming Turks. The remains of the trenches that surrounded the monastery can still be seen today. In 1643 the Jesuits received the Pernau monastery and made it subordinate to the Szentgotthárd (Sankt Gotthard) monastery . After the abolition of the Jesuit order , the monastery became the property of the Princes of Esterházy and the Princes of Liechtenstein , but then fell into disrepair. The “Ómajor” (Althof) manor was later built from the remains of the abbey buildings, located west of the Pinka River in what is now Burgenland . In the estate manager's residence there is a stone built into the wall from 1612 with an inscription from the former abbey. In the 18th century the monastery slowly perished, the monastery church was in such a desolate condition that it was decided in 1799 to demolish it. The current Catholic village church (a second, different church) was built in 1780.
In 1910 the village had 696 predominantly German-speaking inhabitants, with a Hungarian minority. After Burgenland was awarded to Austria in the Treaties of St. Germain and Trianon , it was officially handed over to Austria on December 5, 1921. This included the municipality of Pernau. At the instigation of Hungary, the League Council decided on September 19, 1922 to rejoin 10 municipalities, including Pernau, to Hungary. In January 1923, Pernau was finally returned to Hungary.
Population development
| Ethnic structure | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | Residents | Magyars | German | Croatians | Others | |||
| 1880 | 691 | 70 | 568 | 26th | 27 | |||
| 1910 | 696 | 153 | 536 | 7th | 0 | |||
| 1920 | 700 | 133 | 560 | 5 | 2 | |||
| 1930 | 672 | 217 | 452 | 3 | 0 | |||
| 2011 | 410 | - | - | - | - | |||
Two historical quotes
Andreas Vályi (1764–1801) noted in 1796:
"Porn. Bernau. A German village in the city-county of Vas (Eisenburg), the owner of the village is the Hungarian "Scientific Treasury" (Hungarian: "Tudományi Kintstár"), the inhabitants are Catholic, there are also people of other faiths; it is on the water of the Pinka River, 3/4 miles from the village of Monyorókerék ; there is also an abbey here; his lands are mediocre, his estates are diverse, almost second-rate. "
Elek Fényes (1807–1876) wrote about the village community:
“Pornó, Pernau, a German village, located in the Vas county, close to the water of the Pinka, 2 hours away from the post office in Szombathely (Steinamanger), 506 Catholic residents, a parish with a church. This place is famous for the old Cistercian abbey with monastery, the origin of which goes back to the year 1235. King Andrew II issued a letter of freedom (bull) in 1221. In this bull it is mentioned that Istvan and the son of Istvan, called Chebán, are imperial administrators of Hungary. Since the imperial administrator is a very pious man, he turned to the abbot of the monastery in St. Gotthard, who received him as a father. He then clothed him and covered him with the robes of his order; Istvan entered the order and then transferred all of his possessions, which he owned in Pernau and Monyorókerék, to the St. Gotthard Monastery. It is not known when the Pernau Abbey and the Monyorókerék possessions were removed from the Cistercians of St. Gotthard; but it is plausible that it must have happened in the course of the Turkish siege of Kőszeg in 1532, when the enemy destroyed everything here with fire and iron. Later, in 1643, the Pernau Abbey was given to the Jesuits of Sopron ; after their abolition (note: the Jesuit order) and then also the royal treasury, the princes of Liechtenstein were their owners. The current owner of the abbey is Archduke Ferdinand von Este . "
Worth seeing
- Church: built in 1780 in honor of St. Margaret of the House of Árpád ordained Roman Catholic Church. In 1804 the church was built in baroque style and rebuilt in eclectic style at the end of the 19th century. The oldest bell in Hungary from 1493 hangs in its tower. The altarpiece was painted by Stefan Dorffmeister .
