Reisseck-Kreuzeck power plant group

The articles Kraftwerkgruppe Reisseck-Kreuzeck and Maltakraftwerke overlap thematically. Help me to better differentiate or merge the articles (→  instructions ) . To do this, take part in the relevant redundancy discussion . Please remove this module only after the redundancy has been completely processed and do not forget to include the relevant entry on the redundancy discussion page{{ Done | 1 = ~~~~}}to mark. Gurpitscheck ( discussion ) 13:29, 24 Aug 2020 (CEST)

Scheme of the Reißeck-Kreuzeck power plant group with the expansion of Reißeck II

The Reißeck-Kreuzeck power plant group is a complex of hydropower plants from Verbund AG in the Austrian state of Carinthia , consisting of the reservoir groups Reisseck Jahresspeicher, Reisseck Tagesspeicher and Kreuzeck Tagesspeicher in Reißeck , Niklai in Sachsenburg , Mühldorf and Steinfeld as well as various power houses and pumping stations.

Together with the Malta power plants and the power plant Reißeck II which connects the systems since 2016 hydraulically, the power plant group Reißeck Kreuzeckgruppe forms the power plant group Malta Reißeck .

history

Sculpture The memory of those who died while building a power plant on Schoberboden

The Reißeck-Kreuzeck power plant group, like the Kaprun power plant, is one of the pioneering buildings in the Austrian energy industry . Construction of the Mühldorf power plant began in 1922, and Steinfeld followed in 1924. The construction of further planned power plants was delayed due to the poor economic situation and the increasing importance of coal for electricity generation. Only with the connection of Austria did hydropower become attractive again with regard to the energy-intensive armaments industry. In contrast to the Kaprun power plant, construction of the Reißeck-Kreuzeck storage power plant only began after the Second World War .

Reisseck I.

The building decision was made in May 1947 by the Kärntner Elektrizitäts-AG (KELAG) , in September 1948 the Österreichische Draukraftwerke AG (ÖDK) acquired the plant and also changed the concept.

The total investment was 1.4 billion schillings . It came from the Marshall Plan , energy bonds, the owner's own funds and the first World Bank loan granted to the Republic of Austria.

The working conditions were very harsh, the frost-free construction time in the high mountains was only a few weeks to months, and there was hardly any protection from avalanches and rockfalls. At the peak of 1957, 2885 people were employed, a total of 22 people lost their lives. A memorial at the top station of the Reißeck funicular on Schoberboden commemorates them.

Various constructions were built for the transport of materials, including the Reißeck funicular , the Reißeck Höhenbahn and the Kreuzeck funicular , which were later opened for tourism, but porters and mules were also used.

→ For more information on tourist operations, see Reisseckbahn .

Reisseck II

After the construction of the Malta power stations , there were soon considerations to connect their reservoirs with those of the Reisseck lake plateau. In 1989 the ÖDK had developed a preliminary project for a "Hochalmsee pumped storage power plant", which was discontinued due to the expected high costs. Over ten years later the plans were revived. Due to the deregulation of the energy market and the increased use of renewable energies , the construction of pumped storage power plants had become necessary and economically viable again. From 2004, plans were made to use the Mühldorfer Graben as the location for a new power plant, in 2007 the public was informed about the construction project, in December 2009 the positive decision of the environmental impact declaration became legally binding and in May 2010 the construction decision was made.

The first groundbreaking ceremony for the construction work on the Reisseck II pumped storage power plant took place on October 8, 2010. Up to 350 workers and skilled workers were deployed, and construction was completed in 2016. On October 7, 2016 at 1pm, Vice Chancellor and Energy Minister Reinhold Mitterlehner , Governor Peter Kaiser and board members Wolfgang Anzengruber (Verbund), Armin Wiersma (Kelag) and Leopold Windtner ( Energie AG Oberösterreich ) were officially commissioned.

Of the 400 million euros that have been invested in Reisseck II, eight million euros went to ecological accompanying measures such as the renaturation of the construction sites.

In contrast to earlier considerations, only the deepest reservoir on the lake plateau, the Great Mühldorfer See, was selected as the upper basin. A concept has already been developed under the name Reißeck II plus to use the higher lakes as the upper basin and the Great Mühldorfer See as the lower basin through the construction of another pumped storage plant with approx. 45 MW output.

construction

In the Kolbnitz power plant, the water from the Reisseck annual storage, Gondelwiese day storage and Roßwiese day storage facility is converted into electrical energy.

Power house Kolbnitz

The Kolbnitz powerhouse is located at 606 meters above sea level directly on the Möll , into which the processed water flows, and has a maximum output of 138 MW. It is controlled by the control room in the neighboring Rottau power plant . The machine sets can be seen through a window in the side of the building. What is special and interesting about it is that the power station receives head water from two exposed pressure pipes from both sides of the Mölltal slope . Of the seven Pelton turbines , three are assigned to the annual storage facility and two each to the daily storage facility.

• 

  Kolbnitz power plant

• 

  View into the machine hall of the Kolbnitz power plant

• 

  Kolbnitz power station as seen from the Kreuzeckbahn

• 

  Kolbnitz power plant including penstocks and cable car to the Kreuzeck day storage facility

Reisseck annual storage facility

A pressure pipeline comes from the Reißeck annual storage plant to the northeast, which is fed from six natural cirque lakes in the Reißeck group with precipitation from the winter months. Four of the lakes were enlarged by dam walls, which increased the content from 5.4 to a total of 17.2 million m³. The pressure conduit has a drop height m of 1772.5 and generates accordingly about 177 bar pressure. The Reisseck funicular runs alongside this above-ground line . The last section of the pressure pipeline from the Reißeckbahn valley station to the Kolbnitz powerhouse directly on the Möll runs under the cultivated areas in the valley floor. The Reißeck annual storage plant is represented by three Pelton turbines with 22.5 MW each in the Kolbnitz powerhouse.

The machine sets of the annual storage facility started operation in January 1957. At that time the difference in altitude was the largest in the world, today it is second behind the Swiss power station Bieudron of the Grande Dixence system with a difference of 1883 m.

In the course of the construction work on Reißeck II, part of the original headrace pipe was dismantled in the upper area and the lower area was connected to the new headrace route.

• 

  Small Mühldorfer See

• 

  Pressure pipeline from the Reißeck annual storage facility next to the Reißeckbahn

Reisseck / Gondelwiese day storage facility

Another pressure pipeline comes from the Reisseck / Gondelwiese day storage area to the north and ultimately runs parallel to the annual storage pressure pipeline and the Reißeckbahn. The Gondelwiese day storage facility is located on the south side of the Reisseck group at an altitude of 1288  m above sea level. A. The main feeders are the Rieken, Zwenberger and Mühldorfer Bach. When the water is low, the Glockenfleck ring slide valve is also equipped with a pump that with 55 kW overcomes a nominal delivery head of six meters to lift water from the Rieken and Zwenberger Bach sockets into the reservoir. The usable volume is 40,000 m³ with a crown height of 12.5 meters above the deepest extraction point. The water is converted into electrical energy in the power station Kolbnitz at an average raw head of 678.5 meters. The first machine set went into operation on November 23, 1950, the second at the end of April 1952. The output is 23.2 MW, the annual production 53,716 MWh.

Kreuzeck / Roßwiese day storage facility

The Roßwiese day storage facility uses water from the tributaries of the northern Kreuzeck group . These tributaries are the Teuchl-, Gnoppnitz-, Gra- and Niklaibach, the last three already pass through the small power station Niklai. The construction work on the headrace began in March 1955, the two machine sets in the Kolbnitz powerhouse went into operation on October 6, 1958 and May 1959. The height of fall to the Kolbnitz power station is 587.5 meters. The maximum crown height of the Roßwiese reservoir is 19.5 meters and the usable volume is over 200,000 m³. The memory can be reached with the Kreuzeckbahn . With a total output of 45 MW, the two machine sets generate 154,531 MWh of electrical energy per year. The penstock comes from the southwest to the power plant and thus from the opposite side of the slope.

The two reservoirs Gondelwiese and Roßwiese are hydraulically connected via a shut-off device. Therefore, water can also be moved from one storage tank to the other.

• 

  Daily storage facility Roßwiese

• 

  Pressure pipeline from the Kreuzeck-Tagesspeicher Roßwiese next to the Kreuzeckbahn

Hattelberg pumping station

Hattelberg pumping station

What is special is also the Hattelberg pumping station , which is located at an altitude of 1,113 meters directly on the Reißeck cable car and acts as a hydraulic link. With it it is possible to pump up water from the connected day storage tanks into the reservoirs of the annual storage plant in Reisseck (2319 m). Thus the three systems are hydraulically connected to one another. The station contains three horizontal-axis, eight-stage high-pressure storage pumps with a delivery rate of 450 l / s each and an engine output of 6,200 kW each. Commissioning was in October 1957.

New construction of the Reißeck II power plant

As part of an expansion of the Reißeck-Kreuzeck system, it was connected to the neighboring Malta system until 2016 , which means that the existing annual storage facilities are now also used as weekly storage facilities. For this purpose, the Reißeck II power plant was built in Mühldorfer Graben , a cavern power plant with two reversible Francis pump turbines with a combined output of 430 MW. This new power plant connects the Malta-Rottau penstock with the Großer Mühldorfer See, so that it is now possible to lift water from the communicating Gößkar and Galgenbichl reservoirs to the Reisseck winter storage facility or to process it in the opposite direction. The cavern with the machine sets is 25 meters wide, 58 meters long and 39 meters high. A separate cavern for the transformers is 15 to 18 meters wide, 60 meters long and 15 meters high. As part of the construction work, the Great Mühldorfer See was also emptied in order to be able to renovate the dam wall and build the new lake adit.

The power plant construction is described in the book Die Alpenbatterie: Ökostrom aus dem Berg , published in 2016 : Building history of the pumped storage power plant Reißeck II; The heart of the energy future is documented in detail.

Small power plants

Niklai

The Niklai power plant is located in the municipality of Sachsenburg in the Niklaibach-Graben at a height of 1,203.20 meters and is a run-of- river power plant that was put into operation in 1960. It is an intermediate stage of the Kreuzeck day storage tank, for which water is collected from the Gnoppnitzbach, the Grabach and the Niklaibach. The lower basin is the Roßwiese day storage facility. This results in a nominal output of 1,635 kW and a generation in the normal year of 7 GWh with a raw head of about 57 meters. It is equipped with two horizontal-axis Francis turbines . The energy obtained covers the own requirements of the Reißeck-Kreuzeck power plant group.

Mühldorf

Mühldorf power plant

The Mühldorf power plant is located on the northern edge of the municipality of Mühldorf just below the Tauern Railway at an altitude of around 640 meters and is the oldest power plant in the power plant group. It goes back to planning before the First World War and at that time it was supposed to supply the construction site electricity for the other power plants. Finally, it was built from 1922 to 1924 by Treibacher Chemische Werke Ges.mbH (TCW) and supplied a factory for ferro-alloys; the planner was Franz Wallack . In 1926 the power plant went to the TCW subsidiary Mühldorfer Wasserkraftwerke AG (MÜWAG), which handed it over to the Österreichische Draukraftwerke AG in 1951 after the expansion water volume had been reduced by the construction of the Reisseck annual storage facility. The headwater is collected at a height of 720.67 m in the Mühldorfer Seebach, from this and from the height of the power plant a calculated raw head of a maximum of eighty meters results. The power plant has two horizontal-axis Francis turbines. The nominal output is 900 kW and the generation in the normal year 1.9 GWh. The processed water flows into the Mühldorfer Mühlbach. This runs through other small power plants, one of which is located in the former Hopfgartner loden factory.

Steinfeld

Access to the Steinfeld underground power station

The Steinfeld small power station is located on the Grabach, a left tributary of the Drau, in the Steinfeld community . A previous building was built from 1924 by a cooperative from Steinfeld and four other municipalities, but was destroyed by a landslide in 1935. In 1936, the construction of today's power plant began with the participation of two other communities, now as a safe cavern in the mountain. In 1947 ownership changed to Kärntner Elektrizitäts-AG (KELAG) through nationalization. Since 1956, part of the water from the Grabach has been diverted to the Reisseck-Kreuzeck day storage facility, so the power plant was sold to Österreichische Draukraftwerke AG. In 1995 one of the two machine sets was shut down. The maximum output of the still active, horizontal axis Francis turbine is 132 kW; the generation in the standard year 493 MWh.

Table overview

Reservoirs

Names	location	Lake type	system	Usable content	Congestion destination
Great Mühldorfer See	46 ° 55 ′ 3.3 "  N , 13 ° 22 ′ 31.5"  E	Karsee enlarged by a dam	Reisseck annual storage facility, Reisseck II	7.8 million m³	2,319  m above sea level A.
Hochalmsee	46 ° 56 '58.1 "  N , 13 ° 20' 20.6"  E	Karsee enlarged by a dam	Reisseck annual memory	4.1 million m³	2,379 m above sea level A.
Small Mühldorfer See	46 ° 55 '26.2 "  N , 13 ° 22' 3.6"  E	Karsee enlarged by a dam	Reisseck annual memory	2.8 million m³	2,379 m above sea level A.
Radlsee	46 ° 56 '23.3 "  N , 13 ° 22' 19.4"  E	Karsee enlarged by a dam	Reisseck annual memory	2.5 million m³	2,399 m above sea level A.
Kesselesee	46 ° 56 '25.4 "  N , 13 ° 21' 10"  E	Karsee without a dam	Reisseck annual memory	<< 1 million m³	2,396.40 m above sea level A.
Quartz lake	46 ° 56 '4.8 "  N , 13 ° 21' 16.6"  E	Karsee without a dam	Reisseck annual memory	<< 1 million m³	2,384 m above sea level A.
Galgenbichl storage facility	47 ° 4 '14.9 "  N , 13 ° 20' 52.4"  E	Reservoir	Malta main level , Reisseck II	4.4 million m³	1,707 m above sea level A.
Gößkar storage facility	46 ° 58 ′ 58.4 "  N , 13 ° 19 ′ 42.5"  E	Reservoir	Malta main level, Reisseck II	1.8 million m³	1,707 m above sea level A.
Speicher Gondelwiese	46 ° 52 '52.2 "  N , 13 ° 20' 13.8"  E	Concrete storage basin	Reisseck day storage	0.04 million m³	1,288.5 m above sea level A.
Roßwiese storage facility	46 ° 51 '37.3 "  N , 13 ° 18'19.1"  E	Concrete storage basin	Kreuzeck day storage	0.2 million m³	1,194 m above sea level A.

Mechanical engineering systems

Names	location	Plant type	Regelarbeits- assets	power	Machine sets	Medium raw head	Ausbauwasser- amount	Installation
Reisseck annual storage facility (Kolbnitz powerhouse)	46 ° 52 '19.9 "  N , 13 ° 18" 43.7 "  E	Storage power plant	55,334  GWh	67.5  MW	3 horizontal axis Pelton turbines	1,772.5 m	4.5 m³ / s	1957
Reisseck day storage tank (Kolbnitz powerhouse)	46 ° 52 '19.9 "  N , 13 ° 18" 43.7 "  E	Storage power plant	53,716 GWh	23.2 MW	2 horizontal axis Pelton turbines	678.5 m	5 m³ / s	1950
Kreuzeck day storage facility (Kolbnitz powerhouse)	46 ° 52 '19.9 "  N , 13 ° 18" 43.7 "  E	Storage power plant	154,531 GWh	45 MW	2 horizontal axis Pelton turbines	587.5 m	9 m³ / s	1958
Reisseck II	46 ° 53 '35.9 "  N , 13 ° 20' 35.4"  E	Pumped storage plant		430 MW	2 vertical-axis Francis pump turbines	approx. 615 m	80 m³ / s turbine operation 70 m³ / s pump operation	2016
Small Niklai power plant	46 ° 49 ′ 24.8 "  N , 13 ° 17 ′ 45"  E	Run-of-river power plant	7 GWh	1,635 MW	2 horizontal axis Francis turbines	approx. 57 m	Max. 6 m³ / s	1960
Small power station Mühldorf	46 ° 51 '37.4 "  N , 13 ° 20' 55.1"  E	Run-of-river power plant	1.9 GWh	0.9 MW	2 horizontal axis Francis turbines	Max. 80 m		1925
Steinfeld small power station	46 ° 45 ′ 48 "  N , 13 ° 14 ′ 54.7"  E	Run-of-river power plant	0.493 GWh	0.132 MW	1 horizontal axis Francis turbine			1936
Hattelberg pumping station	46 ° 53 '11.7 "  N , 13 ° 19' 7.3"  E	Pumping station		18.6 MW	3 horizontal-axis, eight-stage high-pressure storage pumps	approx. 1,200 m	1.35 m³ / s	1957

literature

• The Alpine Battery: Green Power from the Mountain: Building History of the Reisseck II Pumped Storage Power Plant; The heart of the energy future . Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 2016, ISBN 978-3-218-01058-0 .

Web links

Commons : Kraftwerkgruppe Reißeck-Kreuzeck  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Website for the Reißeck-Kreuzeck power plant group
• Website for the Reisseck II pumped storage power plant

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Reisseck 2 pumped storage power plant on verbund.com, accessed on January 28, 2020
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Reisseck storage power plant annual storage at verbund.com, accessed on March 10, 2019; relevant version ( Memento of November 28, 2018 in the Internet Archive )
3. ↑ The Alpine Battery: Green electricity from the mountain . 2016, 90 years of hydropower: The history of the Malta / Reißeck power plant group, p. 15-21 .
4. ↑ The Alpine Battery: Green electricity from the mountain . 2016, project development pumped storage power plant Reißeck II, p. 28-32 .
5. ↑ The Alpine Battery: Green electricity from the mountain . 2016, The Reisseck II pumped storage power plant, p. 23-27 .
6. ↑ Reisseck II power plant to withstand falling electricity prices , kleinezeitung.at, October 7, 2016, accessed on January 28, 2020
7. ↑ Europe's most modern pumped storage power plant, Reißeck II, is on the grid. In: verbund.com. Retrieved August 17, 2017 . 
8. ↑ ^{a b} The Alpine Battery: Green Power from the Mountain . 2016, The Reisseck II plus system to increase efficiency, p. 211-215 .
9. ↑ Reisseck: The tunnel is being expanded. ORF, accessed on March 8, 2019 . 
10. ↑ ^{a b} Reisseck Tagesspeicher storage power plant on verbund.com, accessed on March 10, 2019; relevant version ( Memento from October 22, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
11. ↑ Kreuzeck storage power station on verbund.com, accessed on March 10, 2019; relevant version ( Memento from October 22, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
12. ↑ Reisseck II pumped storage power plant: Das Kraftwerk im Berg , youtube.com, May 25, 2013, accessed on January 28, 2020
13. ↑ Information panel for the Reißeck-Kreuzeck power plant group , February 2009
14. ↑ The Alpine Battery: Green electricity from the mountain . 2016.
15. ↑ run power plant Niklai on verbund.com, accessed on 10 March 2019. Relevant version ( Memento from April 5, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
16. ↑ Altitude measured on Google Earth
17. ↑ Mühldorf run-of-river power plant on verbund.com, accessed on March 10, 2019; Relevant version ( Memento from April 5, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
18. ↑ Steinfeld river power plant on verbund.com, accessed on March 10, 2019; relevant version ( Memento of March 27, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
19. ↑ ^{a b} The Alpine Battery: Green Power from the Mountain . 2016, The Reisseck II plus system to increase efficiency, p.  212 , Fig. 1: Schematic overview of the measures of the Reißeck II plus project .
20. ↑ calculated as the difference between the reservoir targets for the reservoirs
21. ↑ verbund.com ( Memento from April 5, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) states that the pressure pipeline is max. 6 m³ / s can be conveyed to the power plant and also mentions the same amount for the "turbine ring valve system" as the maximum "throughput". However, an "energy destroyer" is also mentioned for "water flows that exceed the amount of water used in the power plant". It is therefore not possible to determine with absolute certainty whether 6 m³ / s can still be fully used.
22. ↑ It was not possible to locate the Steinfeld underground power station in the wooded gorge with an accuracy of one meter. Steinfeld run-of-river power plant on verbund.com, accessed on January 17, 2020, links an even less exact position.

Coordinates: 46 ° 52 ′ 19.9 "  N , 13 ° 18 ′ 43.7"  E